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The grain-oriented silicon steel is an important iron core material, and normalization is an indispensable industrial production process for the production of high magnetic induction grain-oriented silicon steel at present. It can adjust the structure, texture and inhibitor precipitation of hot-rolled band to improve the magnetic properties of silicon steel.The inheritance from hot rolled microstructures to normalized ones of grain-oriented silicon steel and the evolution law of inhibitor during the process of normalizing were summarized, and the influence of normalizing on the microstructure and texture of primary recrystallization and secondary recrystallization was mainly discussed. It is pointed out that the fine γ-oriented grain colonies formed during normalizing favour the final secondary recrystallization whilst the coarse and deformed α-/λ-oriented grains disfavour it. Finally, a three-stage normalization process and its parameters for optimizing magnetic properties of low-temperature heating nitriding type high magnetic induction grain-oriented silicon steel were recommended. The key research direction of normalizing in the future is to further simplify process on the basis of ensuring the same texture and inhibitor content, and rational application of normalizing process in the grain-oriented silicon steel produced by thin slab casting and rolling and strip casting.

Paclitaxel is a widely used anti-tumor drug. Currently, paclitaxel can only be extracted from plants or synthesized by chemical semi-synthesis, which cause environmental damage and cannot meet the growing demand. However, the complete biosynthetic pathway of paclitaxel is still not clear, which greatly limits the production of paclitaxel using methods such as synthetic biology. Here, we deduced the paclitaxel biosynthetic pathway by searching all possible intermediates in the paclitaxel synthesis pathway from the natural product databases. In addition, we performed the transcriptome sequencing of Taxus brevifolia and performed co-expression analysis of the identified genes in the paclitaxel synthesis pathway. All these results laid a solid foundation for the elucidation of paclitaxel biosynthetic pathway.

In this paper, mechanics analysis for crack tip fields of linear elastic orthotropic composite plate under symmetric bending load was done. By using a complex variable method, the equations for bending moment, twisting moment, stress, strain and displacement fields near crack tip are derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of impulse noise (firecrackers at 170 dB SPL, 1, 10, 20 rounds) on auditory cortical response threshold (CRT) and activity of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in the inner ear were studied in 37 guinea pigs. The results showed that extent of damage in the cochlea was related to amount of exposure to the noise. Exposure to 10 rounds resulted in temporal threshold shift (TTS); to 20 rounds the result was permanent threshold shift (PTS). For the period when TTS existed, inverse correlation was noticed between enzyme activity change and CRT shift. The correlation could not be established when PTS was induced. The results suggest that the pathomechanism of PTS was more complex than that of TTS. The significance of the results is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of the report was to investigate the causes of CSF leakage and discuss the methods for prevention and management of CSF leakage following translabyrinthine resection of acoustic neuromas., Methods: A retrospective review of cerebrospinal fluid leakage following translabyrinthine approach for 152 acoustic neuromas patients, from January 1983 to December 2013, was performed. The cases were divided into two groups, traditional and modified closure techniques. The incidence of CSF leakage was compared between the two groups., Results: The incidence of postoperative CSF leakage by translabyrinthine approach was 5.9% (9/152), with four cases of rhinorrhea, two case of wound leakage, one case of rhinorrhea and otorrhea, one case of otorrhea, and one case of rhinorrhea and wound leakage. The CSF leakage incidence of traditional closure technique was 14.3% (5/35); the incidence of modified closure technique was 3.4% (4/117). After introducing a modified closure technique, the incidence of the CSF leakage significantly decreased., Conclusions: As a common complication of translabyrinthine approach, the incidence of CSF leakage is closely related to the closure technique. The incidence of the CSF leakage should decrease dramatically when adopting the modified closure technique.