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Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential fatty acids for life activities, which cannot be synthesized by the body itself, and must be obtained from food. The role of ω-3 PUFAs in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases has been widely demonstrated. In recent years, more and more studies have found that ω-3 PUFAs can promote recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), but the mechanism is not fully clarified. Therefore, in this paper, studies on the efficacy and mechanism of action of different doses of ω-3 PUFAs in promoting recovery from EIMD are reviewed. The underlying mechanism involves activating myogenic repair of myosatellite cells, enhancing plasma membrane repair of skeletal muscle cells, and increasing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. This review should provide new ideas for further exploring the theory and practice of promoting recovery form EIMD from the perspective of sports nutrition.

Objective: To investigate the effects of supplementation of Antarctic krill oil (KO) on muscle plasma membrane injury and functional recovery in mice after exhaustive exercise, and to explore the possible mechanism by which KO supplementation promotes muscle plasma membrane injury repair. Methods: Sixty male C57 mice aged eight weeks were randomly divided into a soybean oil control group (BOC), a soybean oil plus exercise group (BOE), a krill oil control group (KOC) and a krill oil plus exercise group (KOE). The mice in the KO groups were intragastrically adminsitered with 200 mg/(kg mb·d) of KO for four weeks, and those in the BO groups were given an equal amount of soybean oil. Thereafter, the mice in the exercise groups were subjected to one-time exhaustive treadmill exercise. Six mice in each group were tested for grasping force immediately (0 h), 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after exhaustive exercise, and the rest were sacrificed 2 h after exhaustive exercise. The activities of serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured by colorimetric assays. The integrity of mouse quadriceps muscle plasma membrane was detected by Evan’s blue dye (EBD) staining. The fatty acid composition of mouse quadriceps muscle plasma membrane was detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The fluorescence polarization degree, microviscosity and fluidity of mouse quadriceps muscle plasma membrane were measured by fluorescence polarization method. Result: 1) After four and three weeks of intervention, the body mass of mice in the KO groups was significantly lower than that of mice in the BO groups (P < 0.05). 2) The exhaustive exercise time of mice in the KOE group was significantly longer than that in the BOE group (P < 0.01), and the grasping force of limbs in mice in the KOE group was significantly higher than that in BOE group at 2, 6, 24 and 48 h after exhaustive exercise (P < 0.05). 3) The serum activity of CK and LDH in mice in the KOE group was significantly lower than that in the BOE group (P < 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). 4) The area of EBD positive muscle fibers in mic from the KOE group was significantly smaller than that in mice from the BOE group (P < 0.05). 5). Compared with the BOC group, the concentration of the unsaturated fatty acid C18:3 in skeletal muscle plasma membrane was significantly decreased in the BOE group (P < 0.05). Compared with the KOC group, the concentrations of the saturated fatty acids C9:0, C10:0, C12:0, C18:0 and C20:0 and the concnentration of the unsaturated fatty acid C20:2 in skeletal muscle plasma membrane were significantly decreased in the KOE group (P < 0.05). The concentrations of the unsaturated fatty acids C22:5, C22:6 (DHA) and C24:5 in skeletal muscle plasma membrane were significantly higher in the KOE group than in the BOE group (P < 0.05). 6) Compared with the BOC group, the fluidity of skeletal muscle plasma membrane in the BOE group was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the fluidity of skeletal muscle plasma membrane in the KOE group was significantly higher than that in the BOE group (P < 0.01). Conclusion: KO supplementation for four weeks can improve exhaustive exercise performance in mice, enhance the fluidity of skeletal muscle plasma membrane, accelerate the repair of skeletal muscle plasma membrane after exhaustive exercise, and promote the recovery of skeletal muscle function during delayed onset muscle soreness.

The traditional specific storage coefficient (Ss) was defined under two assumptions. One is that aquifer rock deforms only in the vertical direction, and the other is that the average rock stress remains unchanged. Consequently, Ss is irrelevant to the shear modulus of rock (G). In this paper, the Biot theory is used to derive a new specific storage coefficient (Ss∗) with the natural deformation of rock. Ss∗ appears to be relevant to G. Compressed glass beads and Berea sandstone are used for illustration. At frequencies lower than 10 kHz, the equation of groundwater flow with Ss∗ yields the same phase velocity and quality factor as the Biot theory, and therefore, it is capable of accurately predicting fluid pressure diffusion in the low‐frequency regime. The results also show that Ss is 16%–17% higher than Ss∗. In conclusion, the latter one is superior to the former in its consistency with the Biot theory and unconstraint by the aforementioned two assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop and validate a nomogram for predicting pelvic lymph node metastasis (LNM) in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods: This was a retrospective study that included 715 patients with cervical SCC who underwent radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy between 2009 and 2018. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for pelvic LNM. Based on these risk factors, a nomogram predicting LNM risk was constructed and internally validated using the bootstrapping resampling method. Results: The rate of LNM in FIGO (the International Federation of Gynecology & Obstetrics) Stage IA2–IIA2 cervical SCC was 24.2%. In multivariate analysis, FIGO Stage II, moderately differentiated or poorly differentiated histology, abnormally elevated serum SCC‐antigen, and triglyceride were identified as independent risk factors for LNM. Tumor size greater than 2 cm and parametrial involvement had borderline significance. Ultimately, the nomogram contained the six variables mentioned above, showing positive calibration and positive discrimination. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curvewas 0.827 and the bootstrap‐validated C‐index was 0.827. The Youden index of this paper was 0.540. Conclusions: We developed and validated a nomogram to predict pelvic LNM in SCC based on clinical data, which can help physicians develop an optimal treatment strategy. Synopsis: We developed and validated a nomogram to predict pelvic lymph node metastasis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma based on clinical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]