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Spinors are important objects in physics, which have found their place more and more after the discovery that particles have an intrinsic angular momentum shape and Cartan’s mathematical expression of this situation. Recent studies using special number sequences have also revealed a new approach to the use of spinors in mathematics and have provided a different perspective for spinor research that can be used as a source for future physics studies. The purpose of this work is to expand the generalized Fibonacci quaternion polynomials to the generalized Fibonacci polynomial spinors by associating spinors with quaternions, and to introduce and investigate a new polynomial sequence that can be used to benefit from the potential advantages of spinors in physical applications, and thus, to provide mathematical arguments, such as new polynomials, for studies using spinors and quaternions in quantum mechanics. Starting from this point of view, in this paper we introduce and investigate a new family of sequences called generalized Fibospinomials (or generalized Fibonacci polynomial spinors or Horadam polynomial spinors). Being particular cases, we use (r,s)-Fibonacci and (r,s)-Lucas polynomial spinors. We present Binet’s formulas, generating functions and the summation formulas for these polynomials. In addition, we obtain some special identities of these new sequences and matrices related to these polynomials. The importance of this study is that generalized Fibospinomials are currently the most generalized sequence in the literature when moving from Fibonacci quaternions to spinor structure, and that a wide variety of new spinor sequences can be obtained from this particular polynomial sequence.

In this paper, closed forms of the sum formulas $ \sum_{k=0}^{n}kx^{k}W_{k} $ and $ \sum_{k=1}^{n} kx^{k}W_{- k} $ for generalized Hexanacci numbers are presented. As special cases, we give summation formulas of Hexanacci, Hexanacci-Lucas, and other sixth-order recurrence sequences.

The aim of this study is to determine the functioning of adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) diagnosed in childhood and depression and burnout levels among their parents. A total of 261 adults with ASDs and their parents were recruited for the study. Both parents completed the Beck Depression and Maslach Burnout Inventories and reported the functioning of their adult offspring with ASDs. Only 5.4 % of our sample reported “good” or “very good” outcomes. The most common psychiatric comorbidities were intellectual disabilities and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Maternal burnout and depression scores were significantly elevated compared to those of fathers. There is an undeniable urgent need for more research to identify the needs of adults and families suffering from ASD. Modifications for those with ASD may have to be made for support in workplaces, achieving driving licenses, using public transportation and attendance at tertiary education.

Suç işleyen kişilere devletin uyguladığı bir yaptırım olarak ceza, tarih boyunca varlığını korumuştur. Toplum düzenini bozan, güven ve istikrarı zedeleyen ve haksızlıklara sebebiyet veren davranışlar, yer ve zamana göre mahiyeti değişebilse de mutlaka bir cezaî yaptırımla karşılık bulmuştur. Suça gereken cezayı vermek, devlet için bir hak ve yükümlülüktür. Ancak bu hak ve yetkinin devletin kendi vatandaşlarıyla mı sınırlı olduğu, yoksa farklı ülke vatandaşları için de geçerli olup olmadığı tartışma konusudur. Söz gelimi, devletin kendi vatandaşlarıyla diğer ülke vatandaşları arasında veya İslam ülkesinde farklı ülke vatandaşları arasında meydana gelen hukukî bir olayda hangi devletin kanunlarının geçerli olacağı hususunda farklı yönelişler bulunmaktadır. Günümüzde kanunlar ihtilafı olarak isimlendirilen bu mesele, geçmişten bu yana güncelliğini korumaktadır. Kimi devletler bu konuda suçun işlendiği ülke kanunlarını esas alırken, kimileri suçun tarafları olan fail ve mağdurun vatandaşı olduğu ülkenin kanunlarını esas almaktadır. Bu makalede, özel hukukun bir dalı olarak kanunlar ihtilafı konusu İslâm ceza hukuku hükümleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir

In this paper, we investigate the generalized Woodall sequences and we deal with, in detail, four special cases, namely, modified Woodall, modified Cullen, Woodall and Cullen sequences. We present Binet's formulas, generating functions, Simson formulas, and the summation formulas for these sequences. Moreover, we give some identities and matrices related with these sequences.

This paper presents a numerical parametric study of the moment-curvature and curvature ductility of doubly-reinforced beams with different parameters. The effects of the strength of the concrete and the amount of the reinforcement, including the tensile and compression reinforcement on the complete moment-curvature behavior and the curvature ductility factor of the beam sections, have been studied. A new predictive formula for the ductility factor of beam sections that considers the different parameters has been developed. In a continuation of the study, the flexural ductility of beams designed with different parameters according to the ductility factor proposed by different researchers was investigated. Based on the results of the numerical analysis, the proposed predictions for the curvature ductility factor were verified by comparisons with other predictive formulas. The proposed formula offers fairly accurate and consistent predictions for the curvature ductility factor of beam sections. It is shown that the concrete’s compression strength and the amount of reinforcing steel, including the compression reinforcement ratios, have an effect on the curvature ductility factor of beam sections.

Objectives:To evaluate the effect of vision-related quality of life on depression and anxiety in patients with Behçet uveitis.Materials and Methods:The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) I-II, and the Visual Functioning Questionnaire (VFQ)-25 were used to evaluate 105 patients being followed for Behçet uveitis. Sociodemographic data and VFQ-25 scores were compared between the groups with and without depression and anxiety. Regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the variables.Results:Forty-eight (82.8%) men and 10 (17.2%) women who completed the questionnaires were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 37.76±11.14 (18-65) years and the mean duration of uveitis was 8.57±7.43 (1-27) years. The mean VFQ-25 composite, BDI, STAI-I, and STAI-II scores were 74.90±18.50 (18.79-97.04), 10.76±8.90 (0-43), 42.52±6.23 (25-55), and 46.53±6.80 (27-58), respectively. Of 58 patients, 31% had depressive symptoms and 58.6% had anxiety symptoms. VFQ-25 composite score was lower in the depressive group than in the group with no depression (p=0.030), while there was no significant difference in this score between the groups with and without anxiety. Regression analysis revealed a negative relationship between total VFQ-25 composite score and depression.Conclusion:In our study, high rates of depression and anxiety were detected in patients with Behçet uveitis. Patient-reported visual functioning was associated with depression. In patients with Behçet uveitis, it is important to evaluate vision-related quality of life as well as visual acuity.

The hajj is an act of worship that contains various challenges. One of the places where people experience difficulties during the hajj is Muzdalifa. Although there are different opinions among the schools of Islamic law, the waqfa of Muzdalifa is a religious duty that must be fulfilled according to most scholars. It requires penalty to abandon it unless there is a valid excuse. Even though the Prophet himself performed the waqfa of Muzdalifa between the fajr al-sādiq and sunrise, he allowed the old, sick and weak, as well as those having difficulty in walking, including her wife Hadrat Sawda, to go from Muzdalifa to Minā at night. The rationale for this practice, according to most Islamic jurists, is the stampede. Given that approximately three million people perform the hajj every year and that a certain area is allocated at Muzdalifa for each country, the stampede is relatively greater today. Therefore, those who are considered as excused people, as well as those with concerns about the stampede, can act according to the opinion of Shāfiʻī and Hanbalī schools and perform the waqfa of Muzdalifa after midnight. Due to some obligatory cases or necessities, it is possible to perform the waqfa before midnight in line with the opinion of Mālikī scholars. This study aims to reveal whether the waqfa of Muzdalifa can be performed during a period other than its usual time and identify the effects of the stampede, which is commonly experienced today sometimes resulting in loss of life, during the waqfa of Muzdalifa. We believe that the present study could contribute to the elimination of concerns about the validity of the waqfa of Muzdalifa.

Öz Hac, birçok açıdan zorlukları içinde barındıran bir ibadettir. Bu zorlukların yaşandığı yerlerden biri Müzdelife’dir. Vakti konusunda İslam hukuk ekolleri arasında farklı görüşler bulunmakla birlikte, fakihlerin çoğunluğuna göre, Müzdelife vakfesi dinen yerine getirilmesi gerekli bir görevdir. Geçerli bir mazeret olmadıkça, terk edilmesi cezayı gerektirir. Hz. Peygamber, Müzdelife vakfesini fecr-i sâdık ile güneşin doğuşu arasında yapmakla birlikte, aralarında eşi Hz. Sevde’nin de bulunduğu yaşlı, hasta, zayıf ve yürüme güçlüğü çeken bazı kimselerin geceden Müzdelife’den Mina’ya gitmelerine izin vermiştir. Bunun sebebi fakihlerin genel kanaatine göre izdihamdır. Günümüzde her yıl yaklaşık üç milyon kişinin hac ibadetini yerine getirdiği ve Müzdelife’de her ülke için belli bir alan tahsis edildiği düşünüldüğünde, bugün izdiham geçmişe kıyasla daha fazladır. Bu itibarla, mazeret grubunda yer alan kişilerle izdiham korkusu taşıyanlar, Şâfiî ve Hanbelî mezheplerinin görüşleri doğrultusunda gece yarısından sonra Müzdelife vakfesini yapabilirler. Zarurî hallerde Mâlikî fakihlerinin görüşleri doğrultusunda, gece yarısını beklemeden vakfe yapmaları da mümkündür. Çalışmanın amacı, hacda yaşanan bir problem olarak Müzdelife vakfesinin vakti dışında yapılıp yapılamayacağını, yine günümüzde yoğun olarak yaşanan, bazen can kayıplarına da sebebiyet veren izdihamın, Müzdelife vakfesine etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Böyle bir çalışmanın, Müzdelife vakfesinin geçerliliği konusunda oluşan tereddütlerin giderilmesine de katkı sağlayacağı değerlendirilmektedir.

Objective Progesterone, which is necessary for maintenance of pregnancy, is secreted by corpus luteum until 10 weeks of gestation, and is produced from the placenta afterwards. Aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of serum progesterone concentrations measured in 6–8 weeks and 12 weeks of gestation with the parameters that may demonstrate placental dysfunction in the third trimester. Methods Relationship of the progesterone values measured at 6–8 weeks and 12 weeks of gestation with indicators of placental dysfunction, including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery and low birth weight, were evaluated. Furthermore, based on a previous study, two groups with progesterone levels below and above 11 ng/mL in early pregnancy were formed, and the difference between these groups regarding gestational outcomes were investigated. Results Progesterone concentrations at 6–8 and 12 weeks of gestation were not significantly different between the subgroups with and without gestational complications indicating placental dysfunction (p>0.05 for all parameters). As for the two groups, significant difference was not found in terms of third trimester complications due to progesterone cut-off of 11 ng/mL at 6-8 weeks of gestation. Conclusion In this study, we did not find progesterone values measured at early and late first trimester periods to be associated with placental dysfunction in the third trimester. Also, we did not validate a previously suggested threshold value to predict gestational outcome. Therefore, routine first trimester progesterone screening in guiding pregnancy follow-up may not be appropriate.

The aim of this research is to evaluate the current situation and create a model for some countries involved in animal production. Eastern Anatolian Red (EAR) breed that adapts to arid and barren areas has been raised in Turkey. The experimental animals comprised 31 head of EAR cows of different ages, fed on pastures and in the barn. This study determined the effects of age, birth weight and suction time on carcass characteristics of EAR cows. The animals were divided into 6 groups based on birth weight, 4 groups based on age and 6 groups based on milk suction time. They were reared under a conventional system that was based on grazing during summer and a semi-intensive system during winter. Carcass length, fat thickness over longissimus dorsi, marbling score, and LDR were significantly (P< 0.05) affected by age group. Significant (P< 0.05) differences were noted for carcass length, fat thickness over LD, and marbling score among animals with different birth weights. The milk suction time had a significant (P< 0.05) effect on all the parameters measured. In this research, the 4th age group was seen advantageous based on carcass characteristics and LDR and resembled other groups. As indicated in the study, the carcass characteristic output from the 2nd birth weight group shows that carcass length was a far more important output than other carcass portions or carcass quality parameters. Similarly, the 1st group based on milk suction time came to the forefront for some carcass characteristic, although it indicated partial similarity with other groups.

Objective: To define normal values of second trimester fetal corpus callosum (CC) length and width in a low-risk population and to compare the presented nomograms to those in the literature. Methods: The prenatal records of singleton fetuses who underwent second trimester anomaly screening at 18.0–22.0 weeks of pregnancy were retrospectively analyzed for CC width and length. A total of 710 fetuses, whose anomaly scans were completely normal, were included in the study. The correlations between CC and biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC) and gestational age (GA) were evaluated. Results: At 18.0–22.0 weeks of pregnancy, the mean CC length was 19.7±2.8 mm, while the mean CC thickness was 1.98±0.4 mm. In assessment of the correlations between the CC length and thickness values and the HC, BPD and GA values by Pearson’s correlation coefficient, there was a stronger correlation between the CC length measurements and the BPD, HC and GA values (r=0.233 vs r=0.505, p

Background and Study Aim. This study was conducted to determine the state of readiness of prospective physical education and sports teachers, who were studying in sports education institutions in Turkey. Material and Methods. The sample of the study consisted of 552 prospective physical education and sports teachers, who were chosen by the random sampling method. To collect the data from the sample group, the “Preparedness for Teach Scale”, which consisted of 20 items and 4 subscales. The collected data were analysed for normality by using SPSS 22.0 package software. Because the data demonstrated a normal distribution, the “Independent Samples t-tests” and “One-way ANOVA tests” were conducted. To determine the level of relationship between dependent variables, “Pearson Correlation Analysis” was conducted. Results. In the gender variable of the sample group, statistically significant differences were observed in the subscales of “Designing the instructional process” and “Understanding the learner”. In the grade variable, significant differences were determined in the subscales of “Forming and effective learning atmosphere”, “Designing the instructional process” and “Techno-pedagogical competence”. In the variable of the department of education, significant differences were determined in all the subscales. Because of the correlation analysis, it was observed that there were positive and strong correlations between the subscales of “Forming an effective learning atmosphere” and “Designing the instructional process” (r= 0.807; p

İhtilaf tabii, fıtrî bir olgudur. İnsanın olduğu yerde tarih boyunca farklı görüş ve anlayışlar hep var olmuştur. Fıkhî ihtilafları değerlendirirken de bu gerçekliği dikkate almak gerekir. İslam hukuk tarihi boyunca naslara ve icmâya aykırı olan, İslam’ın genel ilke ve prensipleriyle ters düşen ihtilaflar tasvip edilmemiştir. İçtihada açık olan konularda liyakat sahibi fakihlerce usulüne uygun şekilde yapılan içtihatlar ve bunun sonucu ortaya çıkan ihtilaflar ise bir rahmet sebebi olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sahâbe ve sonraki dönemlerde İslam hukukçuları birçok meselede ihtilaf etmişlerdir. Bu durum, bazı marjinal görüşler dışında, bir fitne sebebi olarak görülmemiştir. İlk dönemlerde daha anlayışla karşılanan ve düşüncede zenginlik kabul edilen ihtilaf-lar, hicrî 2. asırdan sonra eleştirilmeye ve meşrûiyeti sorgulanmaya başlamıştır. İhtilafı yasaklayan bazı âyetlerin genel hükümleri de buna dayanak olarak gösterilmiştir.Hz. Peygamberin sağlığında iken sahâbe arasında yaşanan bazı ihtilaflar, Allah’ın elçisi tarafından çözüme kavuşturulmuştur. Bu dönemde gerçek anlamıyla bir ihtilaf-tan söz edilemez. Hz. Peygamberin vefatıyla birlikte vahiy kesildiği ve ihtilafların çözüm mercii kalmadığından, ciddi anlamda ilk ihtilafların baş gösterdiğini söyleyebiliriz. İlgili nas veya hükme ulaşmamış olmak, hadisin sağlam bir kaynaktan ulaşmamış olması, farklı anlayışlar, farklı yorumlamalar, unutma ve yanılmalar, sahabe döneminin başlıca ihtilaf sebepleri olarak zikredilebilir. Tabiîn dönemde ortaya çıkan ihtilaflar daha çok mekân ve bölgeye dayalı ithilâflardır. Sözün hakikat veya mecazî anlamda kullanılması, hadisin bilinip bilinmemesi, hadisin sıhhati, içtihat bilgi ve usûlünün farklılığı ve sosyal çevre başlıca ihtilaf sebepleri arasındadır. Fetihlerle birlikte ortaya çıkan yeni kültür ve anlayışlar, re’y ve hadis ekollerinin etkisi, delile, dil ve coğrafyaya bağlı ihtilaflar da tâbiînin döneminde yaşanan ihtilafların sebepleri arasındadır. Hicrî ikinci yüzyılın başlangıcından dördüncü yüzyılın ortalarına kadar devam eden müçtehit imamlar döneminde, İslam ülkesinin sınırları İspanya ve Çin’e kadar ulaşmış, sosyal ve kültürel hareketlilik artmıştır. Kur’an ve Sünnete ilişkin kapsamlı yorumlar, sahâbe ve tâbiîn fakihlerinin içtihatlarından oluşan zengin birikim, İslam fıkhının sistemleştirilmesinde güçlü bir veri oluşturmuştur. Tâbiîn döneminde temel eğilimler etrafında bir ekolleşme yaşanırken, bu dönemde söz konusu ekoller içinden “mezhep” adıyla şahıs merkezli yeni bir hukukî yapılanma ortaya çıkmıştır.Hicrî dördüncü asrın ikinci yarısından Bağdat’ın Moğollar tarafından ele geçirilmesine kadar devam eden süreyi kapsayan “mezhep ve literatür merkezli gelişme dönemi”ne taklit olgusu damgasını vurmuştur. Bu dönemde mutlak içtihat faaliyetleri giderek azalmış, belli bir mezhebe ve önceki içtihatlara sıkı sıkıya bağlı kalma ön plana çıkmış-tır. Bu dönem, aynı zamanda fıkhın kavram, teori ve usûl bağlamında olgunlaştığı ve gelenek halinde kökleştiği bir dönemdir. Bu yüzden “istikrar dönemi” veya “kurumsallaşma dönemi” diyenler de vardır. Bu dönemde mutlak içtihat devri sona erdiğinden, her mezhebin mensupları kendi imamlarına bağlanmıştır. İslam hukuku, günümüzde dünya genelinde sayıları iki milyara yaklaşan Müslüman toplumlarda hayatı düzenlemedeki etkisini sürdürmektedir. Sosyal hayatın her alanında çok yönlü gelişmelerin yaşandığı, buna bağlı olarak hukukî problemlerin arttığı ve derinleştiği günümüzde, İslam hukuku alanında yapılan çalışmaların bir kısmı kanunlaştırma düzeyinde bir kısmı da başta üniversiteler olmak üzere resmî ve sivil alanda akademik düzeyde sürmektedir. Fetva merkezli çalışan birçok kurul ve oluşumların yanı sıra, üniversiteler bünyesinde yapılan bilimsel çalışmaların da günümüz fıkıh problemlerinin çözümüne ışık tuttuğu, hukukî temelden yoksun ihtilafların ortadan kaldırılmasına yardımcı olduğu ve sağduyulu yaklaşımların gelişmesine katkı sağladığını söyleyebiliriz.

In this paper, closed forms of the summation formulas for generalized Tribonacci numbers are presented. Then, some previous results are recovered as particular cases of the present results. As special cases, we give summation formulas of Tribonacci, Tribonacci-Lucas, Padovan, Perrin, Narayana and some other third order linear recurrance sequences. All the summing formulas of well known recurrence sequences which we deal with are linear except the cases Pell-Padovan and Padovan-Perrin.

In this review article, we study the recent investigations on the forms of solutions of systems difference equations and difference equations in terms of well-known integer sequences such as Fibonacci numbers, Padovan numbers. We focus on the papers given some interesting relationships both between the exact solutions of difference equations and the integer sequences and between the equilibrium points of difference equations and the golden ratio.

In this paper, closed forms of the sum formulas $\sum_{k=0}^{n}x^{k}W_{mk+j}^{2}$ for generalized balancing numbers are presented. As special cases, we give sum formulas of balancing, modified Lucas-balancing and Lucas-balancing numbers.

Vemurafenib is a potent inhibitor of genetically activated BRAF, which is responsible for tumoral proliferation in cutaneous melanoma. A 56-year-old man receiving vemurafenib therapy presented with uveitis. Over the course of the disease, he developed bilateral, granulomatous uveitis with multiple peripheral chorioretinal lesions. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels increased. The patient was diagnosed with probable ocular sarcoidosis related to vemurafenib and was treated with an intravitreal dexamethasone implant. This case is the first report that shows the clinical and angiographic features of a patient with vemurafenib-related sarcoid-like granulomatous uveitis.

This paper deals with the form, the stability character, the periodicity and the global behavior of solutions of the following four rational difference equations \[x_{n+1} &=\frac{\pm 1}{x_{n}\left( x_{n-1}\pm 1\right) -1} \\ x_{n+1} &=\frac{\pm 1}{x_{n}\left( x_{n-1}\mp 1\right) +1}\text{.} \].

Bu araştırmanın amacı spor bilimleri fakültesinde öğrenim gören lisans öğrencilerinin sporda sürdürülebilirliğe ilişkin görüşlerinin tespit edilmesi ve bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesidir. Araştırma grubunu Fırat Üniversitesi Spor Bilimler Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören ve rastgele yöntemle seçilmiş olan 643 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak, Koçak ve ark. (2015) tarafından geliştirilen 35 maddelik 6 alt boyuttan oluşan (Sosyal, Bireysel, Katılım, Ekonomik, Örgütsel ve Çevresel Boyut) 5’li Likert ölçekli “Sporda Sürdürülebilirlik Ölçeği (SSÖ)” kullanılmıştır. Ölçekten elde edilen verilerin SPPS 22.0 programı ile frekans ve yüzdelik hesaplanmaları yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde; ikili karşılaştırmalar için t testi, çoklu karşılaştırmalar için ise ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır (p lt;0.05). Araştırmada lisans öğrencilerinin ölçeğe ilişkin ortalamalarının 3.83 olduğu yani sporda sürdürülebilirliğe ilişkin olumlu tutum sergiledikleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca lisans öğrencilerine ait demografik ve sosyo-ekonomik değişkenlerin (cinsiyet, yaş, mezuniyet, yaşadığı yer, anne ve baba eğitim durumu, lisansa sahip olma vb.) ölçek alt boyutları ile karşılaştırmalarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu gözlemlenmiştir (p lt;0.05). Araştırma sonucunda spor bilimleri fakültesinde lisans öğrenimi göre öğrencilerin sporda sürdürülebilirliğe ilişkin olumlu tutum sergiledikleri belirlenmiştir.

Abstract In this paper, we study the boundedness, persistence, and periodicity of the positive solutions and the global asymptotic stability of the positive equilibrium points of the system of difference equations xn+1=A+xn−1zn,yn+1=A+yn−1zn,zn+1=A+zn−1yn,n=0,1,…, $$x_{n+1}=A+\frac{x_{n-1}}{z_{n}},\qquad y_{n+1}=A+ \frac{y_{n-1}}{z _{n}},\qquad z_{n+1}=A+\frac{z_{n-1}}{y_{n}},\quad n=0,1,\ldots , $$ where A∈(0,∞) $A\in ( 0,\infty ) $ and the initial conditions xi $x_{i}$, yi $y_{i}$, zi∈(0,∞) $z_{i}\in ( 0,\infty ) $, i=−1,0 $i=-1,0$.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of vitreomacular interface (VMI) disorders in patients with Behçet’s uveitis and assess the relationship between VMI disorders and clinical characteristics. Materials and Methods: The macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of 160 eyes of 96 patients with Behçet’s uveitis who were being followed in the Uvea-Behçet’s clinic were assessed retrospectively for VMI disorders including posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), epiretinal membrane (ERM), vitreomacular adhesion (VMA), vitreomacular traction (VMT), full-thickness macular hole (FTMH), lamellar hole (LH) and pseudohole. Results: Twenty-four patients (25%) with unilateral and 72 patients with bilateral uveitis were included in the study. Six (30%) of 20 eyes with anterior uveitis and 57 (40.7%) of 140 eyes with posterior uveitis, in total 63 (39.4%) eyes of 160 eyes had at least one VMI disorder. PVD was detected in 4 eyes (2.5%), ERM in 48 eyes (30%), VMA in 12 eyes (7.5%), and LH in 1 eye (0.6%). None of the eyes had VMT, FTMH, or pseudohole. ERM was detected in 13 eyes (8.1%) on fundus examination and 48 (30%) eyes by OCT (p=0.001). VMI was detected in 12 (50%) of 24 eyes with prior intraocular surgery and 51 (37.5%) of 136 eyes without. The mean duration of uveitis was 7.3±5.8 years in patients with VMI disorders and 5.8±7.7 years in patients without (p=0.04). There was no relation between VMI disorders and anatomic location of uveitis, history of past ocular surgery, number of ocular/periocular steroid injections, or visual acuity. Conclusion: VMI disorders are common in patients with Behçet’s uveitis. Their frequency increases with the duration of uveitis. OCT is more sensitive than fundus examination in the detection of VMI disorders.

The transverse vibrations of a rectangular plate with theKelvin type boundary conditions at four corners are investigated. The plate is modeled as being attached to four lumped spring-damper systems at the corners. An analytical procedure is proposed based on the modal analysis. The completely free case of the plate is first studied. The expressions for the eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions of the plate are obtained by utilizing the separation of variables. Then, the case in which the stiffness and the viscous damping as external forces acting at the corners of the plate is studied. Following the modal analysis procedure, the general solution for the equation of motion of the rectangular plate is derived. Some numerical results are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the concepts of α-I-continuity and α-I-openness in ideal topological spaces, and obtain several characterizations and some properties of these functions. Also, we investigate its relationship with other types of functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of this study is to evaluate the indications, complications and results of patients undergoing percutaneus endoscopic gastrostomy. In our study, we evaluated the outpatients or hospitalized patients applying to Turgut Ozal Medical Center between April 2008-November 2010. 247 patients who would be unable to perform oral feeding for at least 4 weeks and underwent for PEG procedure were evaluated retrospectively. PEG procedure was performed 296 times on 247 cases. The most common indication for PEG has been neurological diseases (39.2%), other indications follow up in order with respiratory failure (10.5%), multiple trauma (10.1%), hypoxic encephalopahty (8.6%) and the other diseases (6.5%). Complications associated with PEG were wound infection (5.6%), tube blockage (3.2%), tube fracture (2.4%), tube leakage (2.4%), breakage (2.4%), and buried bumper syndrom (3.2%). Overall minor complication rate was %13,7, and overall major complication rate (buried bumpersyndrome) was 3.2%. The most common complication was wound infection. During follow-up, 102 patients died of primary disease. 30 days (early) and 1 year mortality rates were 14.3% and 39.5%. Overall mortality rate was 41,3% and mean survival was 17.34 ± 0.7 months. PEG tube was removed in 10 cases because of a adequate oral intake. The mean duration of a PEG tube stay was 16 ± 1.2 months. PEG is a procedure requiring no general anesthesia with low morbidity and mortality rates. It is also an effective, safe method which can be performed at the bedside. It should be one of methods prefered for patients who need long-term enteral nutrition. [Med-Science 2017; 6(2.000): 280-4]

The steel specimens were tempered in contact with uranium carbide powder by sodium bonding at 500, 600, 700, and 800 °C for 1000h. Carburizing zone of the specimens was determined by measuring of microhardness which is taken as a kinetic variable instead of the corresponding carbon content. Arrhenius equation was determined for the diffusion of carbon atoms in the steel by using the solution of Fick's second law. Temperature dependency of the activation enthalpy, Gibbs energy, and entropy was calculated from the transition state theory by an assumption that the carburizing occurs over an activated complex. Kinetic and thermodynamic for formation an activated complex were discussed depending on the obtained numerical values.

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS) is a benign autosomal recessive liver disorder characterised by an intermittent jaundice caused by chronic and conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Many mutations in multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP-2) gene have been identified in patients with DJS. Although the disease is usually asymptomatic, some patients may experience vague abdominal pain. In this report, we present a patient with steatohepatitis diagnosed as DJS through a liver biopsy. The patient, 38 years of age, male was admitted to our clinic with vague abdominal pain and jaundice. High levels of serum transaminase, triglyceride, cholesterol and bilirubin were found. Ultrasonography showed Grade II hepatosteatosis in the liver. When steatohepatitis and intracytoplasmic dPAS positive pigment which is more prominent in the perivenular region (zone 3) was observed in the liver biopsy, the patient was diagnosed as DJS coexisting with steatohepatitis. [Med-Science 2015; 4(4.000): 2884-9]

Hepatic hydrothorax is a pleural effusion occurs in cirrhotic patients without any cardiac and pulmonary disease. Generally it shows up in acidic cases. The most of the cases show up on the right side whereas it rarely shows up on the left and on both sides. Its treatments are salt restriction, diuretic medication and therapeutic thoracentesis. In resistant cases pleurodesis, videothoracoscopic repair of defects, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) as well as liver transplantation in end stage hepatic cirrhosis patients can be done. In this article, we presented a 54 year old female case with hepatic cirrhosis and hydrothorax without ascites, admitting to clinic because of dyspnea. [Med-Science 2015; 4(2.000): 2276-80]

The sedenions form a 16-dimensional Cayley-Dickson algebra. In this paper, we introduce the Tribonacci and Tribonacci-Lucas sedenions. Furthermore, we present some properties of these sedenions and derive relationships between them.

Background. There are no studies investigating the relationship between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). Aim. The purpose of this study is to elucidate whether eNOS gene polymorphisms (G894T and T-786C) play a role in the development of type-2 HRS. Methods. This study was carried out in a group of 92 patients with cirrhosis (44 patients with type-2 HRS and 48 without HRS) and 50 healthy controls. Polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and melting curve analysis. Results. We did not find any significant difference in allele and genotype distributions of the eNOS -T-786C polymorphism among the groups (p=0.440). However, the frequency of GT (40.9%) and TT (13.6%) genotypes and mutant allele T (34.1%) for the eNOS G894T polymorphism were significantly higher (p

The aim of this paper is to study the dynamical behavior of positive solutions for a system of rational difference equations of the following form: un+1=αun-1/β+γvn-2p, vn+1=α1vn-1/β1+γ1un-2p, n=0,1,…, where the parameters α,β,γ,α1,β1,γ1,p and the initial values u-i,v-i for i=0,1,2 are positive real numbers.

Background. Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract are important morbid and mortal clinical conditions. Particularly, emergency treatment is required for cutting and drilling bodies. The majority of ingested foreign bodies (80–90%) leave gastrointestinal tract without creating problems. In 10–20% of cases, intervention is absolutely required. Less than 1% of cases need surgery. In this paper, we present a schizophrenia patient who swallowed multiple lighters. Case. A 21-year-old male schizophrenic patient who uses psychotic drugs presented to the emergency department with the complaints of abdominal pain, severe vomiting, and inability to swallow for a week. His physical examination revealed epigastric tenderness. A plain radiograph of the abdomen revealed multiple tiny metallic densities. Gastroscopy was performed. The lighters were not allowing the passage, and some of them had penetrated the gastric mucosa, and bezoars were observed. One lighter was extracted with the help of the polypectomy snare. Other lighters as a bezoar were removed by surgery. Conclusion. Excessive vomiting of swallowed foreign bodies in the etiology of psychotic patients should be kept in mind. Endoscopic therapy can be performed in the early stages in these patients, but in the late stage surgery is inevitable.