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Landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs) are valuable tools typically used by local authorities for land use management and planning activities, supporting decision-makers in urban and infrastructure planning. To address this, we proposed a refined method for landslide susceptibility assessment, which comprehensively considered both static and dynamic factors. Neural network methods were used for susceptibility analysis. Land use and land cover (LULC) change and InSAR deformation were then integrated into the traditional susceptibility zoning to obtain a refined susceptibility map with higher accuracy. Validation was conducted on the improved landslide susceptibility map using site landslide data. The results showed that the LULC were proven to be the core driving factors for landslide occurrence in the study area. The GRU model achieved the highest model performance (AUC = 0.886). The introduction of InSAR surface deformation and land use and land cover change data could rationalize the inappropriateness of traditional landslide susceptibility zoning, correcting the false positive and false negative areas in the traditional landslide susceptibility map caused by human activities. Ultimately, 12.25% of the study area was in high-susceptibility zones, with 3.10% of false positive and 0.74% of false negative areas being corrected. The proposed method enabled refined analysis of landslide susceptibility over large areas, providing technical support and disaster prevention and mitigation references for geological hazard susceptibility assessment and land management planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study and compare the value of the Kyoto classification risk scoring system and the modified Kyoto classification risk scoring system based on linked color imaging (LCI) in predicting the risk of early gastric cancer. One hundred and fifty patients with pathologically confirmed non-cardia early gastric cancer by endoscopic LCI and 150 non-gastric cancer patients matched for age and gender were included. Basic patient data and whole gastric endoscopic images under LCI were collected, and the images were scored according to the LCI-based Kyoto classification risk scoring system and the LCI-based modified Kyoto classification risk scoring system. Compared with the LCI-based Kyoto classification risk scoring system, the LCI-based modified Kyoto classification risk scoring system had a higher AUC for predicting the risk of early gastric cancer (0.723 vs. 0.784, p = 0.023), with a score of ≥3 being the best cutoff value for predicting the risk of early gastric cancer (sensitivity 61.33%, specificity 86.00%), and scores of 3 to 5 were significantly associated with early gastric carcinogenesis significantly (OR = 9.032, 95% CI: 4.995–16.330, p < 0.001). Compared with the LCI-based Kyoto classification risk scoring system, the LCI-based Kyoto modified classification risk scoring system has a better value for predicting the risk of early gastric cancer, and the score of 3 to 5 is a high-risk factor for the risk of early gastric cancer development, which is more strongly correlated with the risk of early gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversification of chirality in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) holds immense promise for expanding their properties and functionality. Herein, we introduce an innovative approach for imparting helical chirality to COFs and fabricating a family of chiral COF nanotubes with mesoscopic helicity from entirely achiral building blocks for the first time. We present an effective 2,3‐diaminopyridine‐mediated supramolecular templating method, which facilitates the prefabrication of helical imine‐linked polymer nanotubes using unprecedented achiral symmetric monomers. Through meticulous optimization of crystallization conditions, these helical polymer nanotubes are adeptly converted into imine‐linked COF nanotubes boasting impressive surface areas, while well preserving their helical morphology and chiroptical properties. Furthermore, these helical imine‐linked polymers or COFs could be subtly transformed into corresponding more stable and functional helical β‐ketoenamine‐linked and hydrazone‐linked COF nanotubes with transferred circular dichroism via monomer exchange. Notably, despite the involvement of covalent bonding breakage and reorganization, these exchange processes overcome thermodynamic disadvantages, allowing mesoscopic helical chirality to be perfectly preserved. This research highlights the potential of mesoscopic helicity in conferring COFs with favourable chiral properties, providing novel insights into the development of multifunctional COFs in the field of chiral materials chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenosine triphosphate is an important biological molecule that provides energy and substrate for various cellular biochemical processes,it's ubiquitous in our lives. In this work, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor composed of Ru(bpy)32+, 2‐[4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)piperazin‐1‐yl] ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) and adenosine 5'‐triphosphate disodium salt (ATP) was developed for the first time. In this ECL system, Ru(bpy)32+ was used as the luminophore, HEPES buffer was served as the co‐reactant, and ATP was added to the system to amplify the luminous signal to investigate the ECL behavior. Through fluorescence spectroscopy, ECL spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV), it can be hypothesized that the possible ECL mechanism is that ATP acts as an advanced co‐reaction promoter to accelerate the oxidation of HEPES to HEPES+⋅, more HEPES⋅ can be generated, which then reacts with oxidized Ru(bpy)33+ to emit stronger ECL signals. Subsequently, the influence of the ATP concentrations and the CV scanning speed was investaged. Moreover, it was observed that I− could quench the ECL intensity, the linear relationship range of I− concentration is from 10−3 to 10−6 m, the limit of detection is 3.7×10−8 m (signal/noise=3), therefore, a new, highly sensitive, and selective ECL approach for I− detection was created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing artificial systems to mimic chiral superstructures and exploring how achiral molecules precisely modulate their chirality is crucial to understand the origin of homochirality in nature. Herein, the tunability nature of supramolecular chirality is subtly applied to fabricate robust chiral covalent polymers with controlled macroscopic helicity. When using conventional supramolecular transcription methods to prepare chiral poly(m‐phenylenediamine), simply introducing various small amounts of achiral diaminopyridines (DAPs) to copolymerize with m‐phenylenediamine (MPD) enables the resulting chiral copolymers with adjustable helical configurations and chiroptical activities in an enantiopure template system. The strong hydrogen bonds between DAPs and the template molecules ((S)/(R)‐PhgC16) proved to be the driving force for guiding the chiral polymerization mode of MPD. Impressively, the exquisite self‐sorting phenomenon is observed by tuning the stoichiometric ratio of DAP and (R)‐PhgC16, where the as‐prepared copolymers with opposite helicity can exist simultaneously to form a double network structure and their chiroptical activity can be well regulated. In addition, based on such a copolymerization strategy, a conceptual library of helical functional copolymers is built with editable polymer types including conducting polymers and designable amine‐aldehyde condensation‐based polymers. This copolymerization‐mediated synthetic strategy may facilitate the development of chiral polymers with controlled morphologies and dynamic compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the value and compare the effectiveness of linked color imaging-based endoscopic grading of gastric intestinal metaplasia (LCI-EGGIM) and operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia (OLGIM) in risk stratification of early gastric cancer (EGC). Eighty-one patients with EGC who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection were included. The general data and EGC-related risk factors of all participants were recorded. LCI-EGGIM and OLGIM were used for both groups. The number of patients with LCI-EGGIM score ≥ 5 was significantly higher in the EGC group than in the control group (58.02% vs. 12.35%, p <.001). Furthermore, the number of patients with OLGIM stage III/IV in the EGC group was significantly higher than that in the control group (56.79% vs. 7.41%, p <.001). Multivariate analysis showed that OLGIM stage III/IV (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 29.74, 95% CI: 7.49–117.94) and LCI-EGGIM score ≥ 5 (AOR: 12.33, 95% CI: 3.71–41.02) were significantly associated with EGC. There was no significant difference in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve between LCI-EGGIM and OLGIM in predicting the risk of EGC (0.74 vs. 0.77, p =.1116). OLGIM and LCI-EGGIM can be used and have the same value for predicting the risk stratification of EGC in patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment and recycling reuse of oily wastewater caused by offshore oil spill accidents and the discharge of food industry have become an urgent hot issue and promote the development of oil/water separation materials. However, the efficient separation of oily wastewater still remains a big challenge. Simple, low-cost, and easily scale-up processes for the fabrication of materials to effectively separate oil/water mixtures, especially stabilized emulsions, with high efficiency and that are durable in wastewater treatment are urgently desired. Herein, a scalable, low-cost, and antibacterial Janus AgNPs@PVA-co-PE (PVA, polyvinyl alcohol; PE, polyethylene) membrane was developed by spraying the hydrophilic PVA-co-PE nanofiber on both surfaces of the polypropylene substrate (denoted as PP) and then selectively decorating one side with hydrophobic fluorosilane. The obtained Janus PVA-co-PE membranes can effectively separate stabilized emulsions, including nonionic, cationic, and anionic types, and they display high separation efficiency (>99.9%) and promising flux solely driven by gravity. The synergistic effect between the bactericidal properties of Ag+ and antiadhesion of superhydrophobicity endows the AgNPs@PVA-co-PE membrane with a strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When interpreting magnetotelluric (MT) data, because of the inherent anisotropy of the earth, considering electrical anisotropy is crucial. Accordingly, using the edge-based finite element method, we calculated the responses of MT data for electrical isotropic and anisotropic models, and subsequently used the anisotropy index and polar plot to depict MT responses. High values of the anisotropy index were mainly yielded at the boundary domains of anomalous bodies for isotropy cases because the conductive differences among isotropic anomalous bodies or among anomalous bodies and background earth can be regarded as macro-anisotropy. However, they only appeared across anomalous bodies in the anisotropy cases. The anisotropy index can directly differentiate isotropy from anisotropy but exhibits difficulty in reflecting the azimuth of the principal conductivities. For the isotropy cases, polar plots are approximately circular and become curves with a big ratio of the major axis to minor axis, such as an 8-shaped curve for the anisotropic earth. Furthermore, the polar plot can reveal the directions of principal conductivities. However, distorted by anomalous bodies, polar plots with a large ratio of the major axis to minor axis occur in isotropic domains around the anomalous bodies, which may lead to the misinterpretation of these domains as anisotropic earth. Therefore, combining the anisotropy index with a polar plot facilitates the identification of the electrical anisotropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection and control of fungal spores in greenhouse crops are important for stabilizing and increasing crop yield. At present, the detection of fungal spores mainly adopts the method of combining portable volumetric spore traps and microscope image processing. This method is problematic as it is limited by the small field of view of the microscope and has low efficiency. This study proposes a rapid detection method for fungal spores from greenhouse crops based on CMOS image sensors and diffraction fingerprint feature processing. We built a diffraction fingerprint image acquisition system for fungal spores of greenhouse crops and collected diffraction fingerprint images of three kinds of fungal spores. A total of 13 diffraction fingerprint features were selected for the classification of fungal spores. These 13 characteristic values were divided into 3 categories, main bright fringe, main dark fringe, and center fringe. Then, these three features were calculated to obtain the Peak to Center ratio (PCR), Valley to Center ratio, and Peak to Valley ratio (PVR). Based on these features, logistics regression (LR), K nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) classification models were built. The test results show that the SVM model has a better overall classification performance than the LR, KNN, and RF models. The average accuracy rate of the recognition of three kinds of fungal spores from greenhouse crops under the SVM model was 92.72%, while the accuracy rates of the LR, KNN, and RF models were 84.97%, 87.44%, and 88.72%, respectively. The F1-Score value of the SVM model was higher, and the overall average value reached 89.41%, which was 11.12%, 7.18%, and 5.57% higher than the LR, KNN, and RF models, respectively. Therefore, the method proposed in this study can be used for the remote identification of three fungal spores which can provide a reference for the identification of fungal spores in greenhouse crops and has the advantages of low cost and portability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise adjustment of microstructure and handedness of chiral nanomaterials is important to regulate their properties and performance. Herein, helical 3‐aminophenol formaldehyde resin (APF) nanotubes and corresponding carbonaceous nanotubes with controllable handedness and optical activity were obtained via an external metal ion‐mediated supramolecular co‐templating method in an enantiomerically pure template system, in which an appropriate amount of Mn2+ (Co2+ or Ni2+) with moderate coordination abilities can reverse the spatial arrangement of the phenylglycine‐based amphiphilic template molecules through metal coordination. Different stacking modes of coordination complexes in disparate metal ion systems lead to diverse helical senses (diameter and pitch) of the obtained helical APF. In addition, this coordination mode of metal intervention can be applied to other amine‐based helical polymer synthesis systems, which paves the way for the design of high‐quality chiral nanomaterials with satisfactory physical parameters and properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have combined the molecular imprinting and the layer-by-layer assembly techniques to obtain molecularly imprint polymers (MIPs) for the electrochemical determination of p-nitrophenol ( p-NPh). Silica microspheres functionalized with thiol groups and gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) were assembled on a gold electrode surface layer by layer. The electrode was then immersed into a solution of pyrrole and p-NPh (the template), and electropolymerization led to the creation of a polymer-modified surface. After the removal of the silica spheres and the template, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were employed to characterize the surface. The results demonstrated the successful fabrication of macroporous MIPs embedded with Au-NPs on the gold electrode. The effects of monomer concentration and scan rate on the performance of the electrode were optimized. Excellent recognition capacity is found for p-NPh over chemically similar species. The DPV peak current is linearly related to concentration of p-NPh in the 0.1 μM to 1.4 mM range, with a 0.1 μM limit of detection (at S/N = 3). [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) based thermo-sensitive electrochemical sensor was fabricated by an electropolymerization method using N-isopropylacryamide and theophylline as the monomer and the template molecule, respectively. The [Fe(CN)6]3−/[Fe(CN)6]4−was used as an electrochemical probe to investigate the electrochemical behavior of the prepared sensor. The influence factors including electropolymerization cycles, the utilization of cross-linkers, and the extraction solution were investigated in detail. The sensor exhibited excellent thermo-sensitive behavior to environmental temperature stimuli and displayed a good recognition capacity for template molecules from its analogues. This approach may allow the application of this type of intelligent electrochemical sensor for stimulus-responsive recognition of template molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular imprinting and sol-gel technique were combined to develop a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) based electrochemical sensor in this work. With the successive modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and gold nanoparticles (GNPs), a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was immersed in a sol-gel solution in the presence of paracetamol (PR) for the electropolymerization to fabricate an imprinted sensor. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were employed to characterize the constructed sensor. The factors for the sensor preparation, the electropolymerization potential range, the monomer concentration, and the scan rate for the sensor preparation were optimized. The sensor displayed an excellent recognition capacity toward PR compared with other analogues. Additionally, the DPV peak current was linear to the PR concentration in the range from 8.0 × 10−8to 5.0 × 10−5 mol/L, with a detection limit of 4.0 × 10−8 mol/L. The prepared sensor also showed satisfactory reproducibility and regeneration capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superamphiphobic coatings have been widely used in self-cleaning and antifouling materials because of their unique liquid repellency. In this study, magnetic Fe 3 O 4 particles and resin were sprayed to construct hierarchical scales of texture, and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane was used to reduce surface free energy, and a biomimetic hair-like composite coating was prepared. The microstructure and chemical composition of the coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Both aqueous and oily liquid droplets can retain a perfectly quasispherical shape on the coating surface. The biomimetic hair-like composite coating exhibited superior water-collecting and superamphiphobic properties as well stable resistance against severe temperature, concentrated acidic, alkaline solutions and mechanical damages. This design strategy may provide useful guidelines for the fabrication of large-scale regular superamphiphobic surfaces. • The composite coatings exhibit excellent repellence to water and various low-surface-tension liquids. • The composite coatings are stable against severe temperature, concentrated acids and alkalis, as well as mechanical damages. • The morphologies of prepared hair-like composite coatings are regular and controllable • The design strategy may provide useful guidelines for the fabrication of large-scale regular superamphiphobic surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abiotic and biotic stresses both decrease the quality and quantity of cultivated plants. In this study, in order to see the responses of cucumber plants to drought stress and cucumber downy mildew infection, downy mildew infestation at different two levels, B1 (disease infestation) and B2 (no disease infestation), along with three fertigation requirement levels, full fertigation T1, moderate nutrient solution deficit T2 and severe nutrient solution deficit T3, were applied in a greenhouse. Thus, six treatments, i.e., B1T1, B1T2, B1T3, B2T1, B2T2 and B2T3, were set. The leaf gas-exchange parameters were significantly increased under CK (control experiment, B2T1: no disease infestation and full irrigation) treatment, and leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were significantly decreased under the B1T1 treatment. Leaf intercellular CO2 concentration was significantly increased under B1T1 treatment. Leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance were significantly decreased under B1T2, B1T3, B2T2 and B2T3 treatments. Compared with treatment CK (B2T1), the plant height of cucumber under B1T1, B1T2, B1T3, B2T2 and B2T3 treatments decreased by 11.41%, 19.05%, 27.48%, 7.55% and 10.62%, respectively; the stem diameter of cucumber under B1T1, B1T2, B1T3, B2T2 and B2T3 treatments decreased by 5.70%, 13.45%, 23.03%, 9.46% and 15.74%, respectively; and leaf area of cucumber under B1T1, B1T2, B1T3, B2T2 and B2T3 treatments decreased by 22.79%, 38.68%, 58.28%, 13.76% and 29.96%, respectively. The root–shoot ratio of cucumber under B1T1, B1T2, B1T3, B2T1, B2T2 and B2T3 treatments was 3.16%, 2.99%, 4.11%, 3.92%, 3.13% and 3.63%, respectively. The root–shoot ratio of cucumber was the highest under the B1T3 treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Re-entrant geometries can effectively trap air pockets, increase air/liquid interface fraction, prevent the penetration of low surface tension organic liquids, and achieve super-oleophobic performance. However, the creation of re-entrant geometries usually involving expensive lithographic tools, or complicated chemical procedures, and cannot be applied on a large scale, such super-oleophobic surfaces are unsuitable for practical application. Constructing hierarchical micro/nanostructure on substrates is a feasible solution to achieve super-oleophobicity through facile spraying method. Herein, we report a super-oleophobic TiO 2 /SiO 2 composite coatings by taking advantage of an exceedingly simple spraying method. The dendritic structures produced by spraying the TiO 2 /SiO 2 mixture play the critical role in obtaining the re-entrant geometry required for oleophobic surface, and the introduction of micron-scale TiO 2 particles and nano-scale SiO 2 particles provide an enough dual-scale rough structure for the coating. The TiO 2 /SiO 2 composite coatings exhibit superior repellence to high and low surface tension liquids as well long-term durability. This design strategy may provide useful guidelines for the fabrication of particle-based spray-coated super-oleophobic surfaces. • The coatings exhibit superior repellence to high and low surface tension liquids as well long-term durability. • The method is simple and practical. • This design strategy may provide useful guidelines for the fabrication of particle-based spray-coated super-oleophobic surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A simple and efficient molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) based electrochemical sensor were proposed and prepared by electropolymerization of pyrrole in the presence of bovine hemoglobin (BHb) in an aqueous solution. The fabrication process of the sensor was characterized by differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, in which [Fe(CN)6]3−/[Fe(CN)6]4− was used as an electrochemical active probe. The influence factors including electropolymerization cycles, scan rate, the concentration of pyrrole, and the extraction conditions were investigated in detailed. Under the optimized conditions, the experimental results showed that the MIPs based sensor possessed a fast rebinding dynamics and an excellent recognition capacity to BHb, compared to the other non-template proteins. Moreover, the prepared sensor also exhibited a dependent relationship between the concentration of template protein and peak current of [Fe(CN)6]3−/[Fe(CN)6]4−. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]