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In this paper, the fault detection and isolate problem is investigated for the pitch system of floating wind turbine. In the addressed system model, the system noises and measurement noises are correlated, and the measurement is affected by the missing phenomena. A Kalman filter is designed to handle the correlated noises and estimate the pitch angle, and a residual of the measurement of the pitch system is constructed to detection the faults. Then the fault isolation algorithm is presented based on a multi-attention mechanism one-dimensional convolutional neural network, which is employed to accurately isolate the faults. The simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the accuracy of fault detection and isolation, which the fault isolation accuracy of the simulation results reaches 99.15%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses whether olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) could be used as a sensitive and specific biomarker in the early diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC) after gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). An integrative analysis combining data derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and cBioPortal databases was performed to investigate the potential molecular biomarker. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions were used to measure the expression of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein by OLFM4. In combination with the gastroscopic findings and the OLFM4 expression in GIM-GC, a predictive model was established. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) was applied to assess the diagnostic value of the model for GIM-GC. According to the GEO and cBioPortal databases, OLFM4 was identified as a key gene in the diagnosis of GIM-GC. Higher protein expression of OLFM4 was found in GIM and GIM-GC compared with chronic superficial gastritis (GS) (p < 0.05). The positive expression rate of OLFM4 in paracancerous tissue (GCP) was higher than in GIM (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between GIM-GC and GCP (p > 0.05). The mRNA expression of OLFM4 was similar to the protein expression, and the positive expression rate was higher in early GIM-GC than in GIM (p < 0.05). Olfactomedin 4 could be used as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of GIM-GC, and the logistic predictive model could be an effective tool for increasing the early diagnostic rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophages are a type of immune cells with high levels of plasticity and heterogeneity. They can polarize into M1 or M2 functional phenotypes. These two phenotypes exhibit a dynamic balance during polarization-related diseases and play opposing roles. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in biological processes such as cell proliferation, death, and differentiation; however, how long noncoding RNAs affect the cellular functionality of macrophages remains to be studied. Long noncoding RNA Gm9866 was found to be closely related to macrophage polarization through bioinformatics analysis. In this study, by conducting real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, it was observed that long noncoding RNA Gm9866 expression significantly increased after treatment with interleukin-4 but significantly decreased after treatment with lipopolysaccharide. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that long noncoding RNA Gm9866 was expressed mainly in the nucleus. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that overexpression of long noncoding RNA Gm9866 in RAW264.7 cells further promoted the expression of M2 markers MRC1 (macrophage mannose receptor 1) and MRC2 (macrophage mannose receptor 2). Western blotting analysis demonstrated inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression. EdU (5-ethynyl-2 ′ -deoxyuridine) and TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling) staining assays revealed that overexpression of long noncoding RNA Gm9866 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. These findings thus indicated that long noncoding RNA Gm9866 promoted macrophage polarization and inhibited the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Thus, long noncoding RNA Gm9866 may serve as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for polarization-related diseases such as infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, liver fibrosis, and tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N6-methyladenosine (m6a)-related mRNAs and lncRNAs have been explored for their functions in several cancers. The present study aimed to identify potential signatures of m6a-related lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We downloaded the expression and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The interacted mRNAs and lncRNAs, prognosis-related lncRNAs, potential metabolic pathways of lncRNAs, immune infiltration of various cells, and CD274 (PD-L1) -related lncRNAs were analyzed. Then, in vitro experiments explored the role of AC012073.1 (LOC105377626) in HCC cell lines. We found that candidate 14 lncRNA signatures play functions in HCC maybe by affecting immune infiltration, cell cycle, Notch signaling pathway, etc. LncRNA AC012073.1 (LOC105377626) functions as oncogenic roles in affecting HCC prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More and more projects in marine engineering use the inner spraying process to extend the service life of pipeline. At present, the application of pipeline inner wall spraying equipment in China is relatively mature, however, the shortage of data related to the moving speed of spraying equipment in the pipeline might cause some problems including uneven spraying and sagging defects. In this article, some sugesstions are presented accordingly with regard to the problems mentioned above. Experiments are made to examine the moving speed of spraying equipment in the pipeline and obtain the data which can be useful for improvement of the inner wall spraying process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the rhizosphere microbes easily affected by the environmental factors, we formulate a three-dimensional diffusion model of the rhizosphere microbes with the impulsive feedback control to describe the complex degradation and movement by introducing beneficial microbes into the plant rhizosphere. The sufficient conditions for existence of the order-1 periodic solution are obtained by using the geometrical theory of the impulsive semi-dynamical system. We show the impulsive control system tends to an order-1 periodic solution if the control measures are achieved. Furthermore, we investigate the stability of the order-1 periodic solution by means of a novel method introduced in the literature [Y. Ye, The Theory of the Limit Cycle, Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1984.]. Finally, mathematical results are justified by some numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weighted folded hypercube is an charming variance of the famous hypercube and is superior to the weighted hypercube in many criteria. We mainly study the scaling of network coherence for the weighted folded hypercube that is controlled by a weight factor. Network coherence quantifies the steady-state variance of these fluctuations, and it can be regarded as a measure of robustness of the consensus process to the additive noise. If networks with small steady-state variance have better network coherence, it can be regarded as more robust to noise than networks with low coherence. We firstly calculate the spectra of weighted folded hypercube and obtain the leading terms of network coherence that are quantified as the sum and square sum of reciprocals of all nonzero Laplacian eigenvalues. Finally, the results show that network coherence depends on iterations and weight factor. Meanwhile, with larger order, the scatings of the first- and second-order network coherence of weighted folded hypercube decrease with the increasing of weight factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the trapping time in the weighted pseudofractal scale-free networks (WPSFNs) and the average shortest weighted path in the modified weighted pseudofractal scale-free networks (MWPSFNs) with the weight factor r. At first, for exceptional case with the trap fixed at a hub node for weight-dependent walk, we derive the exact analytic formulas of the trapping time through the structure of WPSFNs. The obtained rigorous solution shows that the trapping time approximately grows as a power-law function of the number of network nodes with the exponent represented by ln 2 + 4 r 2 + r ln 3 . Then, we deduce the scaling expression of the average shortest weighted path through the iterative process of the construction of MWPSFNs. The obtained rigorous solution shows that the scalings of average shortest weighted path with network size obey three laws along with the range of the weight factor. We provide a theoretical study of the trapping time for weight-dependent walk and the average shortest weighted path in a wide range of deterministic weighted networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex networks are omnipresent in science and in our real life, and have been the focus of intense interest. It is vital to research the impact of their characters on the dynamic progress occurring on complex networks for weight-dependent walk. In this paper, we first consider the weight-dependent walk on one kind of transfractal (or fractal) which is named the weighted transfractal (1 , 3) -flowers. And we pay attention to the first return time (FRT). We mainly calculate the mean and variance of FRT for a prescribed hub (i.e. the most concerned nodes) in virtue of exact probability generating function and its properties. Then, we obtain the mean and the secondary moment of the first return time. Finally, using the relationship among the variance, mean and the secondary moment, we obtain the variance of FRT and the scaling properties of the mean and variance of FRT on weighted transfractals (1 , 3) -flowers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Among promising substitutions for commercial graphite anodes for lithium ion batteries, SnO2 has a fourfold theoretical capacity of graphite (if the O element is completely reversible), while the oxygen reutilization is seriously hampered by poor conductivity of both the electron and Li+ ions. This work proposes a novel ternary architecture of SnO2@C quantum dots (QDs, with average diameter of 3.37 nm) grafted on graphene oxides, denoted as SnO2@C/G, via a facile and scalable one‐pot hydrothermal method. The SnO2@C/G show extraordinary long‐term cycling performance (1080 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g‐1 after 300 cycles) and rate capability (∼840 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1). If excluding the contribution of carbon, the specific capacity of SnO2 is 1447 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g‐1, 96.9% of its theoretical capacity. The extraordinary performance is ascribed to ultrahigh reversibility of SnO2 QDs, good structural stability, and much better ionic/electronic diffusions confirmed by XPS, TEM, EIS, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dramatically increasing demand of high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) urgently requires advanced substitution for graphite-based anodes. Herein, inspired from the extra capacity of lithium storage in solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) films, layered hydroxide cobalt acetates (LHCA, Co(Ac)0.48(OH)1.52·0.55H2O) are introduced as novel and high-efficiency anode materials. Furthermore, ultrathin LHCA nanoplates are face-to-face anchored on the surface of graphene nanosheets (GNS) through a facile solvothermal method to improve the electronic transport and avoid agglomeration during repeated cycles. Profiting from the parallel structure, LHCA//GNS nanosheets exhibit extraordinary long-term and high-rate performance. At the current densities of 1000 and 4000 mA g−1, the reversible capacities maintain ≈1050 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles and ≈780 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles, respectively, much higher than the theoretical value of LHCA according to the conversion mechanism. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the conversion from acetate to acetaldehyde after lithiation. A reasonable mechanism is proposed to elucidate the lithium storage behaviors referring to the electrocatalytic conversion of OH groups with Co nanocatalysts. This work can help further understand the contribution of SEI components (especially LiOH and LiAc) to lithium storage. It is envisaged that layered transition metal hydroxides can be used as advanced materials for energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low‐cost and easily mass‐produced graphite nanoplates (GNPs) are introduced as excellent substrates for quantum dot loading. The resulting material displays comparable or even better energy storage capability than graphene‐based counterparts in lithium‐ion batteries due to the ultrasmall size (5–10 nm) and uniform distribution of QDs on the huge and high‐conductivity surface of GNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal and metal oxides are extremely competitive in various applications such as catalysis and energy storage, while the intrinsically unsatisfactory ion/electron conductivity and/or large volume swing severely inhibit their inherent potentials. Quantum dots (QDs) can significantly promote the conductivity, buffer volume variation, and introduce novel physical/chemical properties, especially in cooperation with mesoporous carbon (MC), and hence are attracting ever-increasing attention. However, it is still a worldwide challenge to exploit a facile, efficient, environmentally benign, commercially applicable, and, in particular, universal method for varied QDs/MC hybrids. In this work, a powerful approach is proposed on basis of corn straw piths, and a synthetic mechanism is proposed and investigated systematically. According to this route, Ni, Co, Cu, and MnO QDs/MC nanoplates are successfully fabricated. As a typical example, ultrasmall Ni QDs (5-7 nm) are homogeneously distributed on the large surface of MC nanoplates and exhibit a reversible capacitance of 2420 F g−1 at 500 mA g−1 and rate performance. This work discloses a new and paramount path to exploit versatile QDs/MC hybrids for promising applications such as lithium ion batteries, solar cells, Li-air batteries, and other promising fields with electrochemical catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous Mn3O4 nanobeads are uniformly dispersed on the surface of graphene via a facile gel‐like film method proposed for the first time with the help of H2O2. Graphene can effectively improve the intrinsically poor conductivity of Mn3O4, whereas the mesopores can accommodate the huge volume swings during the repeated lithiation/delithiation processes. The Mn3O4/graphene displays extraordinary cycling stability and excellent rate performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using the integral bifurcation method, we study the nonlinear K(m, n) equation for all possible values of m and n. Some new exact traveling wave solutions of explicit type, implicit type, and parametric type are obtained. These exact solutions include peculiar compacton solutions, singular periodic wave solutions, compacton-like periodic wave solutions, periodic blowup solutions, smooth soliton solutions, and kink and antikink wave solutions. The great parts of them are different from the results in existing references. In order to show their dynamic profiles intuitively, the solutions of K(n, n), K(2n - 1, n), K(3n - 2, n), K(4n - 3, n), and K(m, 1) equations are chosen to illustrate with the concrete features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this paper, we consider the weighted Dyson hierarchical network, that is a weighted fully-connected network, where the pattern of weights is ruled by a weight factor. Given that the Laplacian operator is intrinsically implied in the analysis of dynamic processes occurring on complex networks, Laplacian spectrum allows addressing analytically a large class of problems. Exploiting the deterministic recursive structure, we are able to derive explicitly all eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenvectors of Laplacian matrix. Further, we derive exact solutions of the trapping time (TT) and average trapping time (ATT) on the weighted Dyson hierarchical network with weight-dependent walk. The obtained results show that TT and ATT are related to the weight factor of the weighted Dyson hierarchical network. Highlights • Model of weighted Dyson hierarchical network is introduced. • Laplacian spectrum of weighted Dyson hierarchical network is obtained. • Eigenvectors of Laplacian matrix are obtained. • The scalings of both TT and ATT can be controlled by the weight factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: In Chinese classic formulas, Ma Huang Tang (MHT), composed of Ephedra, Cassia twig, Bitter apricot kernel and Prepared licorice, has been widely used to treat cold, influenza, acute bronchitis, bronchial asthma and other pulmonary diseases. However, there is no quantitative interpretation about composition principle of MHT as well as other Chinese compound prescriptions. This study was aimed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to decipher ‘monarch, minister, assistant and guide’ which is the unique and integrated composition principle of Chinese compound recipes, by taking MHT for instance. Materials and methods: Sixteen prescriptions of different dose ratios were combined orthogonally from four herbal drugs of MHT, then their diaphoretic, antispasmodic and analgesic effects were assessed by the indicators of the rat sweating point number, the spasmolysis percentage of guinea pig trachea and the murine writhing number, respectively. Basing on SME, the systematology analysis method to complex causality, path diagrams for herbal drugs were drawn with the Amos software and the relationships of the four herbal ingredients and therapeutic effects were measured. Results: Sixteen recipes induced SD rats sweating, remitted spasm of guinea pig trachea smooth muscle, and relieved ICR mouse pain due to acetic acid in comparison with animal model group or normal control groups. Three different SME models were specified and the relevant relationship was analyzed. According to the results of measured standardized path coefficients, Ephedra exerts the greatest contribution to the integral potency, so it acts as the monarch drug in MHT; Cassia twig is slightly weakly effective than Ephedra, and has the most significant interaction with Ephedra, which shows that it is the minister drug; the direct effects of Bitter apricot kernel and Prepared licorice on the integral potency are non-significant, while these two drugs have very significant synergetic effect with Ephedra or Cassia twig, thus they can be interpreted as subordinate drugs to strengthen the therapeutical effects of the monarch and minister drugs; the higher interaction values of Bitter apricot kernel suggest that it is the assistant drug, and Prepared licorice is the guide drug with lower values. Conclusion: SME can be used to quantitatively analyze the composition principle of Chinese compound prescriptions like MHT, which demystifies the ancient and classical system theory of traditional Chinese medicine from a totally new viewpoint. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this work, N-doped graphene and carbon co-modified Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 composites (LVP/NGC) are successfully fabricated through a xerogel method for the first time. The obtained architecture combines two types of electronic contact with Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 particles: the point-to-face contact of N-doped graphene and the face-to-face contact of N-doped carbon coating layers. Profiting from the favorable complex structure, graphene and carbon coating layers offer an extraordinary network for electron transfer and hence an excellent long-term and high-rate performance. Even tested at the rate of 40 C, the reversible capacity still maintains 86.9 mAh g −1 after 800 cycles without any fading. This work provides a promising route to improve the long-term and high-rate performance of cathodes for LIBs and enlightens us on exploring preferable strategies to develop advanced electrode materials for other energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]