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1. The Zonal Patterns in Late Quaternary Tropical South American Precipitation.

Author

Kukla, T., Winnick, M. J., Laguë, M. M., and Xia, Z.

Subjects
LAST Glacial Maximum, PRECIPITATION anomalies, RAINFALL anomalies, ATMOSPHERIC models, ATMOSPHERIC circulation, ENERGY budget (Geophysics), SOIL infiltration
Abstract

Speleothem oxygen isotope records (δ18O) of tropical South American rainfall in the late Quaternary show a zonal "South American Precipitation Dipole" (SAPD). The dipole is characterized by opposing east‐west precipitation anomalies compared to the present—wetter in the east and drier in the west at the mid‐Holocene (∼7 ka), and drier in the east and wetter in the west at the Last Glacial Maximum (∼21 ka). However, the SAPD remains enigmatic because it is expressed differently in western versus eastern δ18O records and isotope‐enabled climate model simulations usually misrepresent the magnitude and/or spatial pattern of δ18O change. Here, we address the SAPD enigma in two parts. First, we re‐interpret the δ18O data to account for upwind rainout effects that are known to be pervasive in tropical South America, but are not always considered in Quaternary paleoclimate studies. Our revised interpretation reconciles the δ18O data with cave infiltration and other proxy records, and indicates that the centroid of tropical South American rainfall has migrated zonally over time. Second, using an energy balance model of tropical atmospheric circulation, we hypothesize that zonal migration of the precipitation centroid can be explained by regional energy budget shifts, such as changing Saharan albedo associated with the African Humid Period, that have not been modeled in previous SAPD studies. This hypothesis of a migrating precipitation centroid presents a new framework for interpreting δ18O records from tropical South America and may help explain the zonal rainfall anomalies that predate the late Quaternary. Plain Language Summary: Paleoclimate data suggest that, in the last ∼25,000 years, tropical South American precipitation has changed substantially, but in opposite directions between the east and west. This opposing east‐west pattern in past rainfall is known as the "South American Precipitation Dipole," and its end‐member states approximately coincide with the Last Glacial Maximum (∼21,000 years ago) and mid‐Holocene (∼7,000 years ago), respectively. However, the cause of the dipole is debated because different models produce different results, and the interpretations of data are in conflict. Central in this conflict are oxygen isotope tracers of past precipitation which show different trends over space. We present a new interpretation of these data, backed by model results, which suggests that the dipole is driven by the centroid, or focus, of tropical South American precipitation migrating from west‐to‐east (and back) across tropical South America. We test this precipitation centroid migration hypothesis with an energy balance climate model which reproduces the expected east‐west differences for the Last Glacial Maximum and mid‐Holocene. The precipitation centroid migration hypothesis is a possible solution to the precipitation dipole enigma, but it remains to be tested in more sophisticated climate models. Key Points: The late Quaternary South American Precipitation Dipole drives opposing east‐west precipitation anomalies in tropical South AmericaDipole transitions can drive changes in rainfall greater than 1,000 mm/yrSpatial migration of the precipitation centroid can explain dipole transitions and reconcile proxy‐model conflicts [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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4. Persistence and Plasticity in Conifer Water‐Use Strategies.

Author

Berkelhammer, M., Still, C. J., Ritter, F., Winnick, M., Anderson, L., Carroll, R., Carbone, M., and Williams, K. H.

Subjects
PHENOTYPIC plasticity, CONIFERS, WATER use, METEOROLOGICAL precipitation, TREE growth
Abstract

The selective use of seasonal precipitation by vegetation is critical to understanding the residence time and flow path of water in watersheds, yet there are limited datasets to test how climate alters these dynamics. Here, we use measurements of the seasonal cycle of tree ring δ18O for two widespread conifer species in the Rocky Mountains of North America to provide a multi‐decadal depiction of the seasonal origins of forest water use. The results show that while the conifer tree stands had a dominant preference for use of snowmelt, there were multi‐annual periods over the last four decades when use of summer precipitation was preferential. Utilization of summer rain emerged during years with increased snowfall and tree growth, suggesting that summer rain enhanced the transpiration stream only during the periods of highest water use. We hypothesize this could be explained through shallowing of the root profile during wetter periods and/or through the influence of changing water table depths on the residence time of summer precipitation in the root zone. We suggest the tree ring proxy approach used here could be applied in other watersheds to provide critical insight into the temporal dynamics of plant water use that could not be inferred from short measurement campaigns. These data on the seasonal origins of forest water are critical for understanding forest vulnerability to drought, the processes that affect precipitation pathways and residence time in watersheds and the interpretation of tree ring proxy data. Key Points: Cellulose isotope ratios were used to reconstruct the reliance on snowmelt for two common conifer species in the southern Rocky MountainsThe trees exhibited multi‐year periods of preferential use of snowmelt and low tree growth following low snowpack yearsDuring high snowpack periods, the trees showed enhanced growth and utilized summer precipitation to support their increased water demands [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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5. Nuclear accelerators spectrometers detectors and associated equiinstruments & methods in physics research section a-pment

Author

Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Albuquerque, Ivone Freire da Mota e, Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Cordier, A., Petrov, Y., Wiencke, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschlager, J., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Olinto, A., Oliva, P., Schovancova, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Weidenhaupt, K., Necesal, P., Ionita, F., Squartini, R., Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M., Barroso, S. L. C., Blanco, F., Coluccia, M. R., Kotera, K., Dorofeev, A., Cotti, U., Maurizio, D., Dasso, S., Ortiz, M., Wilczynska, B., Galicia, J. F. Valdes, Schovánek, P., Pacheco, N., Miramonti, L., PakkSelmi-Dei, D., Gouffon, P., Platino, M., Stephan, M., Palatka, M., Ravignani, D., Pallotta, J., Petrovic, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Kleifges, M., Italiano, A., Ragaigne, D. Monnier, Coutu, S., Leão, M. S. A. B., Supanitsky, A. D., Perrone, L., Ferrero, A., Parizot, E., Shellard, R. C., Parra, A., Gozzini, S. R., Parrisius, J., Rosado, J., Guarino, F., Lebrun, D., Pfendner, C., Phan, N., Ave, M., Anticic, T., Caramete, L., Will, M., Piegaia, R., Swain, J., D'Urso, D., Mandat, D., Unger, M., Pierog, T., Ristori, P., Daumiller, K., Assis, P., Mostafa, M., Pieroni, P., Revenu, B., Becker, B. R., Baughman, B., Pimenta, M., Lebrun, P., Kampert, K. H., Pirronello, V., Rossler, T., Kleinfeller, J., Mantsch, P., Gascon, A., Valino, I., Roth, M., Wommer, M., Rouille-d’Orfeuil, B., Oliveira, M. A. Leiguide, Kemp, E., Grashorn, E., Schroeder, F., Criss, A., Benzvi, S., Roulet, E., Gemmeke, H., Rovero, A. C., Ruhle, C., Blumer, H., Petrinca, P., Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Mollerach, S., Whelan, B. J., Salamida, F., Erdmann, M., Fick, B., Gonzalez, J. G., Navarro, J. L., Karova, T., Arganda, E., Hansen, P., Salazar, H., Cronin, J., Caruso, R., Valore, L., Salina, G., Pontz, M., Sanchez, F., Mariazzi, A. G., Shadkam, A., Santander, M., Sommers, P., Santo, C. E., Schulte, S., Santos, E., Berat, C., Muller, G., Monasor, M., Quel, E. J., Grebe, S., Williams, C., Bertou, X., Kromer, O., Santos, E. M., Bohacova, M., Sarazin, F., Marin, V., Sarkar, S., Szuba, M., Bravo, O. Martínez, Schuster, D., Sciutto, S. J., Aminaei, A., DiGiulio, C., Gesterling, K., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Scuderi, M., Winnick, M. G., Keilhauer, B., Parsons, R. D., Biermann, P. L., Stapleton, J., Harari, D., D'Olivo, J. C., Risse, M., Segreto, A., Sorokin, J., Anchordoqui, L., Escobar, C. O., Semikoz, D., Montanet, F., Settimo, M., Tamashiro, A., Munchmeyer, M., Pastor, S., Lemiere, A., Castellina, A., Tapia, A., Almeida, R. M. de, Tascau, O., Mueller, S., Maris, I. C., Berg, A. M. Vanden, Grillo, A. F., Farrar, G., Tcaciuc, R., Letessier-Selvon, A., Blanco, M., Tegolo, D., Andringa, S., Susa, T., Privitera, P., Covault, C. E., Thao, N. T., Kieckhafer, R. M., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Avila, G., Rodriguez, G., Morello, C., Castro, M. L. Dıaz, Thomas, D., Guardincerri, Y., Ghia, P.L., Cataldi, G., Tiffenberg, J., Sidelnik, I., Timmermans, C., Paul, T., Wahlberg, H., Tiwari, D. K., Tkaczyk, W., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Fauth, A. C., Rizi, V., Prouza, M., Smída, R., Falcon, H. R. Marquez, Dallier, R., Fazzini, N., Tome, B., Fliescher, S., Tonachini, A., Pech, M., Bleve, C., Wundheiler, B., Petermann, E., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Deligny, O., Avenier, M., Guedes, G. P., Veberic, D., Dawson, B. R., Morris, C., Sato, R., Ferguson, A. P., Wieczorek, G., Matthiae, G., Karhan, P., Verzi, V., Weindl, A., Dembinski, H., Klages, H. O., Videla, M., Rautenberg, J., Villasenor, L., Bonifazi, C., Robledo, C., Scharf, N., Giaccari, U., Yamamoto, T., Harmsma, S., Younk, P., Rivera, H., Pekala, J., Cazon, L., Martin, L., Knapp, J., Yuan, G., Filevich, A., Zamorano, B., Denkiewicz, A., Winchen, T., Sigl, G., Griffith, N., Zas, E., Barbosa, A. F., Nellen, L., Anjos, João C., Becker, K. H., Jiraskova, S., Zavrtanik, D., Backer, T., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Giller, M., Zavrtanik, M., Wahrlich, P., Zaw, I., Scherini, V., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., Cester, R., Bonino, R., Koang, D. H., Stutz, A., Smiakowski, A., Watson, A. A., Pelayo, R., Hague, J. D., Borodai, N., Kulbartz, J. K., Brack, J., Schieler, H., Filipcic, A., Domenico, M. de, Scholten, O., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Hrabovsky, M., Mathes, H. J., Chinellato, J. A., Arqueros, F., Ridky, J., Travnicek, P., Krohm, N., Creusot, A., Petrolini, A., Morales, B., Chou, A., Huege, T., Muller, M. A., Chudoba, J., Snow, G. R., Clay, R. W., Fraenkel, E. D., Suarez, F., Tridapalli, D. B., Link, K., Donato, C. de, Jong, S. J. de, Stasielak, J., Schiffer, P., Glass, H., Pesce, R., Mussa, R., Vega, G. DeLa, Kuehn, F., Mello Junior, W. J. M. de, Insolia, A., Wainberg, O., Marsella, G., Mello Neto, J. R. T. de, Ebr, J., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Kasper, P., Luis, P. Facal San, Barber, K. B., DeMitri, I., Dova, M. T., López, R., Souza, V. de, Conceição, R., Vries, K. D. de, Tristram, G., Decerprit, G., Peral, L. del, Gold, M. S., Frohlich, U., Navarra, G., Warner, D., Cooper, M. J., Schmidt, A., Matthews, J., Fuchs, B., Nhung, P. T., Gamarra, R. F., Trovato, E., Kuempel, D., Harton, J. L., Golup, G., Albarracin, F. Gomez, Micheletti, M. I., Beatty, J. J., Aramo, C., Diep, P. N., Spinka, H., Brogueira, P., Navas, S., Grigat, M., Ravel, O., Berisso, M. Gomez, Miller, W., Riviere, C., Gonçalves, P., Weber, M., Gonzalez, D., Kunka, N., Wilczynski, H., Brown, W. C., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Boncioli, D., Tueros, M., Aguera, A. Lopez, Schmidt, T., Carvalho, W. Rodrigues de, Heck, D., Nelles, A., Herve, A. E., Contreras, F., Pepe, Iuri Muniz, Hojvat, C., Kelley, J. L., Sutherland, M. S., Moreno, E., Aublin, J., Dutan, I., Holmes, V. C., Kégl, B., Homola, P., Gookin, B., Horandel, J. R., Bruijn, R., Asorey, H., Horneffer, A., Louedec, K., Rosa, G. La, Bellido, Jorge David Alguiar, Cook, H., Ulrich, R., Petrera, S., Lachaud, C., Ros, G., Lautridou, P., Buchholz, P., Bardenet, R., Mazur, P. O., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Lucero, A., Etchegoyen, A., Diaz, J. C., Kadija, K., Westerhoff, S., Gambetta, S., Martino, J. Rodriguez, Martello, D., Billoir, P., Ludwig, M., Ponce, V. H., Lyberis, H., Coppens, J., Macolino, C., Nierstenhoefer, N., Curutiu, A., García, B., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Fracchiolla, C. E., Bueno, A., Urban, M., Suomijarvi, T., Melo, D., Rodríguez-Frías, M. D., Balzer, M., Góra, D., Schmidt, F., Menichetti, E., Moura, C. A., Winders, L., Dong, P. N., Keivani, A., Menshikov, A., Moreno, J. C., Mertsch, P., Maldera, S., Meurer, C., Gamez, D. Garcıa, Dobrigkeit, C., Micanovic, S., Nitz, D., Falcke, H., Gorgi, A., Burton, R. E., Schoorlemmer, H., Nosek, D., Szadkowski, Z., Nozka, L., Garcia-Pinto, D., and Engel, R.

Subjects
Analysis software, Detector simulation, Radio detection, Cosmic rays
Abstract

Acesso restrito: Texto completo. p. 92-102 Submitted by JURANDI DE SOUZA SILVA (jssufba@hotmail.com) on 2012-02-28T13:55:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 __pdn.sciencedirect.com_....0-S0168900211001276-main.pdf: 705611 bytes, checksum: be1943c8aeefcedd5fa515742b173dc0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2012-02-28T13:55:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 __pdn.sciencedirect.com_....0-S0168900211001276-main.pdf: 705611 bytes, checksum: be1943c8aeefcedd5fa515742b173dc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 The adventoftheAugerEngineeringRadioArray(AERA)necessitatesthedevelopmentofapowerful frameworkfortheanalysisofradiomeasurementsofcosmicrayairshowers.AsAERAperforms‘‘radio- hybrid’’ measurementsofairshowerradioemissionincoincidencewiththesurfaceparticledetectors and fluorescencetelescopesofthePierreAugerObservatory,theradioanalysisfunctionalityhadtobe incorporatedintheexistinghybridanalysissolutionsforfluorescenceandsurfacedetectordata.This goal hasbeenachievedinanaturalwaybyextendingtheexistingAugerOfflinesoftwareframework with radiofunctionality.Inthisarticle,welayoutthedesign,highlightsandfeaturesoftheradio extensionimplementedintheAugerOfflineframework.Itsfunctionalityhasachievedahighdegreeof sophisticationandoffersadvancedfeaturessuchasvectorialreconstructionoftheelectricfield, advancedsignalprocessingalgorithms,atransparentandefficienthandlingofFFTs,averydetailed simulationofdetectoreffects,andtheread-inofmultipledataformatsincludingdatafromvarious

Published
2011
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6. The impact of neogene grassland expansion and aridification on the isotopic composition of continental precipitation.

Author

Chamberlain, C. P., Winnick, M. J., Mix, H. T., Chamberlain, S. D., and Maher, K.

Subjects
OXYGEN isotopes, METEOROLOGICAL precipitation, ECOLOGY, GRASSLANDS, BIOMECHANICS, PLANT transpiration, PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
Abstract

The late Cenozoic was a time of global cooling, increased aridity, and expansion of grasslands. In the last two decades numerous records of oxygen isotopes have been collected to assess plant ecological changes, understand terrestrial paleoclimate, and to determine the surface history of mountain belts. The δ18O values of these records, in general, increase from the mid-Miocene to the Recent. We suggest that these records record an increase in aridity and expansion of grasslands in midlatitude continental regions. We use a nondimensional isotopic vapor transport model coupled with a soil water isotope model to evaluate the role of vapor recycling and transpiration by different plant functional types. This analysis shows that increased vapor recycling associated with grassland expansion along with biomechanistic changes in transpiration by grasses themselves conspires to lower the horizontal gradient in the δ18O of atmospheric vapor as an air mass moves into continental interiors. The resulting signal at a given inland site is an increase in δ18O of precipitation with the expansion of grasslands and increasing aridity, matching the general observed trend in terrestrial Cenozoic δ18O records. There are limits to the isotopic effect that are induced by vapor recycling, which we refer to here as a 'hydrostat.' In the modern climate, this hydrostatic limit occurs at approximately the boundary between forest and grassland ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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7. Stable isotopic evidence of El Niño-like atmospheric circulation in the Pliocene western United States.

Author

Winnick, M. J., Welker, J. M., and Chamberlain, C. P.

Subjects
STABLE isotopes, ICE sheets, PLIOCENE Epoch, CLIMATE change, HYDROLOGIC cycle, ATMOSPHERIC circulation, SOUTHERN oscillation, ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
Abstract

Understanding how the hydrologic cycle has responded to warmer global temperatures in the past is especially important today as concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere continue to increase due to human activities. The Pliocene offers an ideal window into a climate system that has equilibrated with current atmospheric pCO2. During the Pliocene the western United States was wetter than modern, an observation at odds with our current understanding of future warming scenarios, which involve the expansion and poleward migration of the subtropical dry zone. Here we compare Pliocene oxygen isotope profiles of pedogenic carbonates across the western US to modern isotopic anomalies in precipitation between phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We find that when accounting for seasonality of carbonate formation, isotopic changes through the late Pliocene match modern precipitation isotopic anomalies in El Niño years. Furthermore, isotopic shifts through the late Pliocene mirror changes through the early Pleistocene, which likely represents the southward migration of the westerly storm track caused by growth of the Laurentide ice sheet. We propose that the westerly storm track migrated northward through the late Pliocene with the development of the modern cold tongue in the east equatorial Pacific, then returned southward with widespread glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere - a scenario supported by terrestrial climate proxies across the US. Together these data support the proposed existence of background El Niño-like conditions in western North America during the warm Pliocene. If the earth behaves similarly with future warming, this observation has important implications with regard to the amount and distribution of precipitation in western North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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8. Stable isotopic evidence of El Niño-like atmospheric circulation in the Pliocene Western United States.

Author

Winnick, M. J., Welker, J. M., and Chamberlain, C. P.

Abstract

Understanding how the hydrologic cycle has responded to warmer global temperatures in the past is especially important today as concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere continue to increase due to human activities. The Pliocene offers an ideal window into a climate system that has equilibrated with current atmospheric pCO2. During the Pliocene the Western United States was wetter than modern, an observation at odds with our current understanding of future warming scenarios, which involve the expansion and poleward migration of the subtropical dry zone. Here we compare Pliocene oxygen isotope profiles of pedogenic carbonates across the Western US to modern isotopic anomalies in precipitation between phases of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We find that when accounting for seasonality of carbonate formation, isotopic changes through the late Pliocene match modern precipitation isotopic anomalies in El Niño years. Furthermore, isotopic shifts through the late Pliocene mirror changes through the early Pleistocene, which likely represents the southward migration of the westerly storm track caused by growth of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. We propose that the westerly storm track migrated northward through the late Pliocene with the development of the modern Cold Tongue in the East Equatorial Pacific, then returned southward with widespread glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere - a scenario supported by terrestrial climate proxies across the US. Together these data support the proposed existence of background El Niño-like conditions in Western North America during the warm Pliocene. If the Earth behaves similarly with future warming, this observation has important implications with regard to the amount and distribution of precipitation in Western North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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9. Anisotropy and chemical composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays using arrival directions measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Abreu, P, Aglietta, M, Ahn, Ej, Albuquerque, Jfm, Allard, D, Allekotte, I, Allen, J, Allison, P, Castilo, Ja, Alvarez Muniz, J, Ambrosio, M, Aminaei, A, Anchordoqui, L, Andringa, S, Anticic, T, Anzalone, A, Aramo, C, Arganda, E, Arqueros, F, Asorey, H, Assis, P, Aublin, J, Ave, M, Avenier, N, Avila, G, Backer, T, Balzer, M, Barber, Kb, Barbosa, Af, Bardenet, R, Barroso, Slc, Baughman, B, Bauml, J, Beatty, Jj, Becker, Br, Becker, Kh, Belletoile, A, Bellido, Ja, Benzvi, S, Berat, C, Bertou, X, Biermann, Pl, Billoir, P, Blanco, F, Blanco, M, Bleve, C, Blumer, H, Bohacova, M, Boncioli, D, Bonifazi, C, Bonino, R, Borodai, N, Brack, J, Brogueira, P, Brown, Wc, Bruijn, R, Buchholz, P, Bueno, A, Burton, Re, Caballero Mora KS, Caramete, L, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, A, Catalano, O, Cataldi, G, Cazon, L, Cester, R, Chauvin, J, Cheng, Sh, Chiavassa, A, Chinellato, Ja, Chou, A, Chudoba, J, Clay, Rw, Coluccia, Mr, Conceicao, R, Contreras, F, Cook, H, Cooper, Mj, Coppens, J, Cordier, A, Cotti, U, Coutu, S, Covault, Ce, Creusot, A, Criss, A, Cronin, J, Curutiu, A, Dagoret Campagne, S, Dallier, R, Dasso, S, Daumiller, K, Dawson, Br, de Almeida RM, De Domenico, M, De Donato, C, de Jong SJ, De La Vega, G, de Mello WJM, Neto, Jrtd, De Mitri, I, de Souza, V, de Vries KD, Decerprit, G, del Peral, L, Deligny, O, Dembinski, H, Dhital, N, Di Giulio, C, Diaz, Jc, Castro, Mld, Diep, Pn, Dobrigkeit, C, Docters, W, D'Olivo, Jc, Dong, Pn, Dorofeev, A, dos Anjos JC, Dova, Mt, D'Urso, D, Dutan, I, Ebr, J, Engel, R, Erdmann, M, Escobar, Co, Etchegoyen, A, Luis, Pfs, Tapia, If, Falcke, H, Farrar, G, Fauth, Ac, Fazzini, N, Ferguson, Ap, Ferrero, A, Fick, B, Filevich, A, Filipcic, A, Fliescher, S, Fracchiolla, Ce, Fraenkel, Ed, Frohlich, U, Fuchs, B, Gaior, R, Gamarra, Rf, Gambetta, S, Garcia, B, Gamez, Dg, Garcia Pinto, D, Gascon, A, Gemmeke, H, Gesterling, K, Ghia, Pl, Giaccari, U, Giller, M, Glass, H, Gold, Ms, Golup, G, Albarracin, Fg, Berisso, Mg, Goncalves, P, Gonzalez, D, Gonzalez, Jg, Gookin, B, Gora, D, Gorgi, A, Gouffon, P, Gozzini, Sr, Grashorn, E, Grebe, S, Griffith, N, Grigat, M, Grillo, Af, Guardincerri, Y, Guarino, F, Guedes, Gp, Guzman, A, Hague, Jd, Hansen, P, Harari, D, Harmsma, S, Harton, Jl, Haungs, A, Hebbeker, T, Heck, D, Herve, Ae, Hojvat, C, Hollon, N, Holmes, Vc, Homola, P, Horandel, Jr, Horneffer, A, Hrabovsky, M, Huege, T, Insolia, Antonio, Ionita, F, Italiano, A, Jarne, C, Jiraskova, S, Kadija, K, Kampert, Kh, Karhan, P, Kasper, P, Kegl, B, Keilhauer, B, Keivani, A, Kelley, Jl, Kemp, E, Kieckhafer, Rm, Klages, Ho, Kleifges, M, Kleinfeller, J, Knapp, J, Koang, Dh, Kotera, K, Krohm, N, Kromer, O, Kruppke Hansen, D, Kuehn, F, Kuempel, D, Kulbartz, Jk, Kunka, N, La Rosa, G, Lachaud, C, Lautridou, P, Leao, Msab, Lebrun, D, Lebrun, P, de Oliveira MAL, Lemiere, A, Letessier Selvon, A, Lhenry Yvon, I, Link, K, Lopez, R, Aguera, Al, Louedec, K, Bahilo, Jl, Lucero, A, Ludwig, M, Lyberis, H, Maccarone, Mc, Macolino, C, Maldera, S, Mandat, D, Mantsch, P, Mariazzi, Ag, Marin, J, Marin, V, Maris, Ic, Falcon, Hrm, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Martin, L, Martinez, H, Bravo, Om, Mathes, Hj, Matthews, J, Matthews, Jaj, Matthiae, G, Maurizio, D, Mazur, Po, Medina Tanco, G, Melissas, M, Melo, D, Menichetti, E, Menshikov, A, Mertsch, P, Meurer, C, Micanovic, S, Micheletti, Mi, Miller, W, Miramonti, L, Mollerach, S, Monasor, M, Ragaigne, Dm, Montanet, F, Morales, B, Morello, C, Moreno, E, Moreno, Jc, Morris, C, Mostafa, M, Moura, Ca, Mueller, S, Muller, Ma, Muller, G, Munchmeyer, M, Mussa, R, Navarra, G, Navarro, Jl, Navas, S, Necesal, P, Nellen, L, Nelles, A, Nhung, Pt, Niemietz, L, Nierstenhoefer, N, Nitz, D, Nosek, D, Nozka, L, Nyklicek, M, Oehlschlager, J, Olinto, A, Oliva, P, Olmos Gilbaja VM, Ortiz, M, Pacheco, N, Selmi Dei DP, Palatka, M, Pallotta, J, Palmieri, N, Parente, G, Parizot, E, Parra, A, Parsons, Rd, Pastor, S, Paul, T, Pech, M, Pekala, J, Pelayo, R, Pepe, Im, Perrone, L, Pesce, R, Petermann, E, Petrera, S, Petrinca, P, Petrolini, 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P, Sorokin, J, Spinka, H, Squartini, R, Stapleton, J, Stasielak, J, Stephan, M, Strazzeri, E, Stutz, A, Suarez, F, Suomijarvi, T, Supanitsky, Ad, Susa, T, Sutherland, Ms, Swain, J, Szadkowski, Z, Szuba, M, Tamashiro, A, Tapia, A, Tartare, M, Tascau, O, Ruiz, Cgt, Tcaciuc, R, Tegolo, D, Thao, Nt, Thomas, D, Tiffenberg, J, Timmermans, C, Tiwari, Dk, Tkaczyk, W, Peixoto, Cjt, Tome, B, Tonachini, A, Travnicek, P, Tridapalli, Db, Tristram, G, Trovato, E, Tueros, M, Ulrich, R, Unger, M, Urban, M, Galicia, Jfv, Valino, I, Valore, L, van den Berg AM, Varela, E, Cardenas, Bv, Vazquez, Jr, Vazquez, Ra, Veberic, D, Verzi, V, Vicha, J, Videla, M, Villasenor, L, Wahlberg, H, Wahrlich, P, Wainberg, O, Warner, D, Watson, Aa, Weber, M, Weidenhaupt, K, Weindl, A, Westerhoff, S, Whelan, Bj, Wieczorek, G, Wiencke, L, Wilczynska, B, Wilczynski, H, Will, M, Williams, C, Winchen, T, Winders, L, Winnick, Mg, Wommer, M, Wundheiler, B, Yamamoto, T, Yapici, T, Younk, P, Yuan, G, Yushkov, A, Zamorano, B, Zas, E, Zavrtanik, D, Zavrtanik, M, Zaw, I, Zepeda, A, Ziolkowski, M., KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Guarino, Fausto, M., Ambrosio, Aramo, Carla, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, Yushkov, Alexey, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E., Albuquerque, I., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Mũniz, J., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Balzer, M., Barber, K., Barbosa, A., Bardenet, R., Barroso, S., Baughman, B., Bäuml, J., Beatty, J., Becker, B., Becker, K., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R., Caballero-Mora, K., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Cheng, S., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R., Coluccia, M., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., 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Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F., Schulte, S., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Silva Lopez, H., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A., Šǔsa, T., Sutherland, M., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Tamashiro, A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Tãčau, O., Tavera Ruiz, C., Tcaciuc, R., Tegolo, D., Thao, N., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tiwari, D., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J., Valin̂o, I., Valore, L., Van Den Berg, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Vázquez, J., Vázquez, R., Ve-Berič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villasen̂or, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Warner, D., Watson, A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Winders, L., Winnick, M., Wommer, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Proton, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic ray experiment, Acceleration (differential geometry), Cosmic ray, ultra high energy cosmic rays, cosmic ray experiments, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, ultra high energy cosmic ray, Auger, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Nuclear Experiment, DETECTOR, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, SPECTRUM, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Física, Charge (physics), Astronomy and Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Experimental High Energy Physics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The Pierre Auger Collaboration has reported evidence for anisotropy in the distribution of arrival directions of the cosmic rays with energies $E>E_{th}=5.5\times 10^{19}$ eV. These show a correlation with the distribution of nearby extragalactic objects, including an apparent excess around the direction of Centaurus A. If the particles responsible for these excesses at $E>E_{th}$ are heavy nuclei with charge $Z$, the proton component of the sources should lead to excesses in the same regions at energies $E/Z$. We here report the lack of anisotropies in these directions at energies above $E_{th}/Z$ (for illustrative values of $Z=6,\ 13,\ 26$). If the anisotropies above $E_{th}$ are due to nuclei with charge $Z$, and under reasonable assumptions about the acceleration process, these observations imply stringent constraints on the allowed proton fraction at the lower energies.

Published
2011
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