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6. Deep phenotyping of post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

Author

Walitt, Brian, Singh, Komudi, LaMunion, Samuel R., Hallett, Mark, Jacobson, Steve, Chen, Kong, Enose-Akahata, Yoshimi, Apps, Richard, Barb, Jennifer J., Bedard, Patrick, Brychta, Robert J., Buckley, Ashura Williams, Burbelo, Peter D., Calco, Brice, Cathay, Brianna, Chen, Li, Chigurupati, Snigdha, Chen, Jinguo, Cheung, Foo, Chin, Lisa M. K., Coleman, Benjamin W., Courville, Amber B., Deming, Madeleine S., Drinkard, Bart, Feng, Li Rebekah, Ferrucci, Luigi, Gabel, Scott A., Gavin, Angelique, Goldstein, David S., Hassanzadeh, Shahin, Horan, Sean C., Horovitz, Silvina G., Johnson, Kory R., Govan, Anita Jones, Knutson, Kristine M., Kreskow, Joy D., Levin, Mark, Lyons, Jonathan J., Madian, Nicholas, Malik, Nasir, Mammen, Andrew L., McCulloch, John A., McGurrin, Patrick M., Milner, Joshua D., Moaddel, Ruin, Mueller, Geoffrey A., Mukherjee, Amrita, Muñoz-Braceras, Sandra, Norato, Gina, Pak, Katherine, Pinal-Fernandez, Iago, Popa, Traian, Reoma, Lauren B., Sack, Michael N., Safavi, Farinaz, Saligan, Leorey N., Sellers, Brian A., Sinclair, Stephen, Smith, Bryan, Snow, Joseph, Solin, Stacey, Stussman, Barbara J., Trinchieri, Giorgio, Turner, Sara A., Vetter, C. Stephenie, Vial, Felipe, Vizioli, Carlotta, Williams, Ashley, Yang, Shanna B., and Nath, Avindra

Published
2024
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9. Practitioners' Perspectives on Spatial Reasoning in Educational Practice from Birth to 7 Years

Author

Bates, Kathryn E., Williams, Ashley Y., Gilligan-Lee, Katie A., Gripton, Catherine, Lancaster, Andrea, Williams, Helen, Borthwick, Alison, Gifford, Sue, and Farran, Emily K.

Abstract

Background: There is a growing evidence base for the importance of spatial reasoning for the development of mathematics. However, the extent to which this translates into practice is unknown. Aims: We aimed to understand practitioners' perspectives on their understanding of spatial reasoning, the extent to which they recognize and implement spatial activities in their practice, and the barriers and opportunities to support spatial reasoning in the practice setting. Sample: Study 1 (questionnaire) included 94 participants and Study 2 (focus groups) consisted of nine participants. Participants were educational practitioners working with children from birth to 7 years. Methods: The study was mixed methods and included a questionnaire (Study 1) and a series of focus groups (Study 2). Results: We found that whilst practitioners engage in a variety of activities that support spatial reasoning, most practitioners reported little confidence in their understanding of what spatial reasoning is. Conclusion: Informative and accessible resources are needed to broaden understanding of the definition of spatial reasoning and to outline opportunities to support spatial reasoning.

Published
2023
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11. Task Development to Address Error Patterns in Prospective Elementary Teachers' Posing of Multi-Step Word Problems

Author

Foran, Ali, Welder, Rachael M., and Williams, Ashley

Abstract

National and state standards in the US have emphasized the importance of solving and posing word problems in students' mathematics learning for decades. Therefore, it is essential for prospective teachers (PTs) to have the mathematical knowledge necessary to teach these skills to their future students. Unfortunately, little research has investigated how PTs develop problem-posing skills. By employing thematic qualitative text analysis, the researchers identified nine distinct patterns in errors identified in K-8 PTs' posing of two-step addition and subtraction word problems, in the context of a collegiate teacher education course. These results were used to inform the initial design of an interventional task to bring awareness of common errors to PTs. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630060.]

Published
2021

12. Reliability Generalization Meta-Analyses in Mathematics Education Research: A Research Synthesis

Author

Williams, Ashley M. and Young, Jamaal

Abstract

The purpose of this systematic review was to characterize the implementation of reliability generalization meta-analytic (RGM) practices within mathematics education-related empirical research. RGM studies are used to investigate and generalize the reliability of a measure across various studies. An exhaustive literature search was conducted to locate studies related to mathematics education, including RGM studies of psychological tests. The literature search included articles as well as grey literature (e.g., conference proceedings, dissertations, theses). Of the 27 RGM studies examined, five were on scales that related to mathematics education research, five were on scales related to motivation and/or learning, four related to self-esteem, self-concept, and/or self-efficacy, six related to perceptions, well-being, and/or anxiety, and seven related to personality or behavior. Of the mathematics education-related RGM studies, 85.5% (N=9,184) of the articles examined across studies had no mention of reliability or fell into the convention of citing previously reported reliabilities. Increasing awareness of RGM studies could lead to an increase in RGM studies conducted on mathematics education research scales, leading to increased understanding of mathematics education scales. This paper contributes to the literature on the practical and empirical importance of RGM for mathematics and STEM education praxis.

Published
2021

17. Hands-On: Investigating the Role of Physical Manipulatives in Spatial Training

Author

Gilligan-Lee, Katie A., Hawes, Zachary C. K., Williams, Ashley Y., Farran, Emily K., and Mix, Kelly S.

Abstract

Studies show that spatial interventions lead to improvements in mathematics. However, outcomes vary based on whether physical manipulatives (embodied action) are used during training. This study compares the effects of embodied and non-embodied spatial interventions on spatial and mathematics outcomes. The study has a randomized, controlled, pre-post, follow-up, training design (N = 182; mean age 8 years; 49% female; 83.5% White). We show that both embodied and non-embodied spatial training approaches improve spatial skills compared to control. However, we conclude that embodied spatial training using physical manipulatives leads to larger, more consistent gains in mathematics and greater depth of spatial processing than non-embodied training. These findings highlight the potential of spatial activities, particularly those that use physical materials, for improving children's mathematics skills.

Published
2023
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18. The Effects of Teaching a Problem-Solving Strategy on Recalling Past Events with a Child with Autism

Author

Keesey-Phelan, Stephanie H., Axe, Judah B., and Williams, Ashley L.

Abstract

Problem-solving strategies, such as visual imagining and self-questioning, may assist children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in recalling past events. In the current study, at the start of each session, a 7-year-old boy with ASD engaged in a novel activity with a behavior therapist who took pictures of the activity. Ninety minutes later, a different therapist asked the participant to describe the prior activity. The intervention consisted of showing the participant pictures of the activity, telling him to close his eyes and imagine the activity, modeling asking and answering seven questions (e.g., "Who was there?" "What was one thing that happened?"), prompt fading, and reinforcement. Following the intervention, recall statements increased.

Published
2022
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22. Beyond Keywords: Applying Systemic Functional Linguistics to Unpack the Language of Additive Word Problems

Author

Kwok, Michelle, Welder, Rachael M., Moore, Jason, and Williams, Ashley M.

Abstract

The learning of mathematics poses specific linguistic challenges. Amongst them, teachers and students need to be able to unpack the language used in mathematics word problems to understand its context, discern the relationships between the known and unknown information, and identify relevant solution strategies. Prior research has described some of the linguistic complexities within the math discipline. However, research has not yet examined the linguistic patterns of additive problem types in particular, nor explored how linguistic analysis might be applied to support prospective elementary teachers in making sense of these problems. Using a corpus of 400 word problems, the authors conducted an ideation analysis, drawing from Systemic Functional Linguistics theory. The findings resulted in a distillation of language features key to conveying the mathematical meanings in the three types of additive problems (i.e., change, part-part-whole, and additive comparison). Prospective elementary teachers were introduced to linguistic functional metalanguage as a tool for analyzing the key language features in additive word problems. Analysis of their work demonstrated their ability to employ the functional metalanguage to identify challenges and describe specific linguistic characteristics associated with each type of additive problem.

Published
2022
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25. Recycling Plastics: Middle School Students Create Solutions during a Summer Camp

Author

Aklman, Ergun, Barroso, Luciana, Capraro, Mary M., Creasy, Terry, Fleming, Kenneth, He, Weiling, Hong, Liang, and Williams, Ashley M.

Abstract

Four distinct plastics recycling projects created by middle school students emerged from a one-week long plastics recycling activity incorporated within a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) residential summer camp at a research-intensive university. The plastics recycling activity was a project-based learning (PBL) activity facilitated by STEM experts in geometry, architecture, and materials science. Specific instruction involving mathematics and science concepts was provided to emphasize content-specific knowledge related to plastics recycling. A rubric was applied and used to determine evidence of learning manifested in participants' final presentations. Participants' final presentations demonstrated mixed results in terms of student learning outcomes, but indicated that campers demonstrated a clear sense of social environmental awareness and responsibility toward recycling plastics.

Published
2019

26. A Review of State Investment in Higher Education Affordability and Access during the 86th Legislature

Author

Williams, Ashley

Abstract

Postsecondary student demographics are dramatically shifting in the state of Texas, resulting in an increased need for state government resources to ensure college access affordability in the state. It is critical that lawmakers prioritize higher education to allow Texans from all backgrounds access to afford higher education. This editorial is an overview of the Texas 86th Legislature's increased investment in need-based financial aid, disparate state funding to public Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU), proposals of state College Promise programs, and legislation aimed at serving nontraditional students. Together, these investments and programs demonstrate that the Texas Legislature has taken positive steps to improving higher education access and affordability but must increase focus on and investment in higher education in the future to ensure the economic prosperity of Texas.

Published
2019

34. Early-Life Outcomes in Relation to Social Determinants of Health for Children Born Extremely Preterm

Author

Jobe, Alan H., Caplan, Michael S., Polin, Richard A., Laptook, Abbot R., Keszler, Martin, Hensman, Angelita M., Alksninis, Barbara, Bishop, Carmena, Burke, Robert T., Caskey, Melinda, Hoffman, Laurie, Johnson, Katharine, Keszler, Mary Lenore, Knoll, Andrea M., Lamberson, Vita, Leach, Teresa M., Little, Emilee, McGowan, Elisabeth C., Stephens, Bonnie E., Vieira, Elisa, St. Pierre, Lucille, Ventura, Suzy, Watson, Victoria E., Hibbs, Anna Maria, Walsh, Michele C., Wilson-Costello, Deanne E., Newman, Nancy S., Bhola, Monika, Payne, Allison H., Siner, Bonnie S., Yalcinkaya, Gulgun, Truog, William E., Pallotto, Eugenia K., Kilbride, Howard W., Gauldin, Cheri, Holmes, Anne, Johnson, Kathy, Scott, Allison, Parimi, Prabhu S., Gaetano, Lisa, Poindexter, Brenda B., Schibler, Kurt, Kallapur, Suhas G., Donovan, Edward F., Merhar, Stephanie, Grisby, Cathy, Yolton, Kimberly, Alexander, Barbara, Beiersdorfer, Traci, Bridges, Kate, Cahill, Tanya E., Dudley, Juanita, Fischer, Estelle E., Gratton, Teresa L., Hayes, Devan, Hessling, Jody, Jackson, Lenora D., Kirker, Kristin, Mincey, Holly L., Muthig, Greg, Stacey, Sara, Steichen, Jean J., Tepe, Stacey, Thompson, Julia, Wuertz, Sandra, Cotten, C. Michael, Goldberg, Ronald N., Goldstein, Ricki F., Malcolm, William F., Mago-Shah, Deesha, Ashley, Patricia L., Finkle, Joanne, Auten, Kathy J., Fisher, Kimberley A., Grimes, Sandra, Gustafson, Kathryn E., Lohmeyer, Melody B., Laughon, Matthew M., Bose, Carl L., Bernhardt, Janice, Bose, Gennie, Clark, Cindy, Talbert, Jennifer, Warner, Diane, Trembath, Andrea, O'Shea, T. Michael, Wereszczak, Janice, Kicklighter, Stephen D., Rhodes-Ryan, Ginger, White, Donna, Patel, Ravi M., Carlton, David P., Stoll, Barbara J., Hale, Ellen C., Loggins, Yvonne C., Adams-Chapman, Ira, Blackwelder, Ann, Bottcher, Diane I., Carter, Sheena L., Kendrick-Allwood, Salathiel, Laursen, Judith, LaRossa, Maureen Mulligan, Mackie, Colleen, Sanders, Amy, Seabrook, Irma, Smikle, Gloria, Wineski, Lynn C., Higgins, Rosemary D., Bremer, Andrew A., Archer, Stephanie Wilson, Sokol, Gregory M., Dusick, Anna M., Papile, Lu Ann, Gunn, Susan, Hamer, Faithe, Harmon, Heidi M., Herron, Dianne E., Hines, Abbey C., Lytle, Carolyn, Miller, Lucy C., Minnich, Heike M., Richard, Leslie, Smiley, Lucy, Wilson, Leslie Dawn, Tyson, Jon E., Kennedy, Kathleen A., Khan, Amir M., Duncan, Andrea, Mosquera, Ricardo, Stephens, Emily K., McDavid, Georgia E., Alaniz, Nora I., Allain, Elizabeth, Arldt-McAlister, Julie, Burson, Katrina, Dempsey, Allison G., Eason, Elizabeth, Evans, Patricia W., Garcia, Carmen, Green, Charles, Hall, Donna, Harris, Beverly Foley, Jiminez, Margarita, John, Janice, Jones, Patrick M., Lillie, M. Layne, Lis, Anna E., Martin, Karen, Martin, Sara C., Mason, Carrie M., McKee, Shannon, Morris, Brenda H., Rennie, Kimberly, Rodgers, Shawna, Siddiki, Saba Khan, Simmons, Maegan C., Sperry, Daniel, Pierce Tate, Patti L., Wright, Sharon L., Sánchez, Pablo J., Nelin, Leif D., Jadcherla, Sudarshan R., Slaughter, Jonathan L., Yeates, Keith O., Keim, Sarah, Maitre, Nathalie L., Timan, Christopher J., Luzader, Patricia, Clark, Erna, Fortney, Christine A., Gutentag, Julie, Park, Courtney, Shadd, Julie, Sullivan, Margaret, Stein, Melanie, Nelin, Mary Ann, Newton, Julia, Small, Kristi, Burkhardt, Stephanie, Purnell, Jessica, Pietruszewski, Lindsay, Levengood, Katelyn, Batterson, Nancy, Morehead, Pamela, Carey, Helen, Yoseff-Salameh, Lina, Sullivan, Rox Ann, Hague, Cole, Grothause, Jennifer, Fearns, Erin, Fowler, Aubrey, Notestine, Jennifer, Tonneman, Jill, Hay, Krystal, Chao, Michelle, Warnimont, Kyrstin, Marzec, Laura, Miller, Bethany, Beckford, Demi R., Baugher, Hallie, DeSantis, Brittany, Hanlon, Cory, McCool, Jacqueline, Das, Abhik, Gantz, Marie G., Bann, Carla M., Wallace, Dennis, Crawford, Margaret M., Gabrio, Jenna, Leblond, David, Newman, Jamie E., Petrie Huitema, Carolyn M., O'Donnell Auman, Jeanette, Poole, W. Kenneth, Zaterka-Baxter, Kristin M., Van Meurs, Krisa P., Chock, Valerie Y., Stevenson, David K., Adams, Marian M., Ball, M. Bethany, Bentley, Barbara, Bruno, Elizabeth, Davis, Alexis S., Elena DeAnda, Maria, DeBattista, Anne M., Huffman, Lynne C., Ismael, Magdy, Kohn, Jean G., Krueger, Casey, Lowe, Janice, Lucash, Ryan E., Palmquist, Andrew W., Patel, Jessica, Proud, Melinda S., Reichert, Elizabeth N., John, Nicholas H. St., Sivakumar, Dharshi, Taylor, Heather L., Wager, Natalie, Williams, R. Jordan, Weiss, Hali, Frantz, Ivan D., III, Fiascone, John M., MacKinnon, Brenda L., Furey, Anne, Nylen, Ellen, Church, Paige T., Sibley, Cecelia E., Brussa, Ana K., Carlo, Waldemar A., Ambalavanan, Namasivayam, Peralta-Carcelen, Myriam, Nelson, Kathleen G., Bailey, Kirstin J., Biasini, Fred J., Chopko, Stephanie A., Collins, Monica V., Cosby, Shirley S., Johnston, Kristen C., Moses, Mary Beth, Patterson, Cryshelle S., Phillips, Vivien A., Preskitt, Julie, Rector, Richard V., Whitley, Sally, Devaskar, Uday, Garg, Meena, Purdy, Isabell B., Chanlaw, Teresa, Geller, Rachel, Finer, Neil N., Vaucher, Yvonne E., Kaegi, David, Rasmussen, Maynard R., Arnell, Kathy, Demetrio, Clarence, Fuller, Martha G., Rich, Wade, Bell, Edward F., Colaizy, Tarah T., Widness, John A., Brumbaugh, Jane E., Acarregui, Michael J., Johnson, Karen J., Eastman, Diane L., Goeke, Claire A., Schmelzel, Mendi L., Walker, Jacky R., Baack, Michelle L., Hogden, Laurie A., Broadbent, Megan, Elenkiwich, Chelsey, Henning, Megan M., Van Muyden, Sarah, Ellsbury, Dan L., Campbell, Donia B., Tud, Tracy L., Duara, Shahnaz, Bauer, Charles R., Everett-Thomas, Ruth, Fajardo-Hiriart, Sylvia, Rigaud, Arielle, Calejo, Maria, Frade Eguaras, Silvia M., Berkowits, Michelle Harwood, Garcia, Andrea, Pierre, Helina, Stoerger, Alexandra, Watterberg, Kristi L., Fuller, Janell, Ohls, Robin K., Beauman, Sandra Sundquist, Lacy, Conra Backstrom, Duncan, Andrea F., Hanson, Mary, Hartenberger, Carol, Kuan, Elizabeth, Lowe, Jean R., Thomson, Rebecca A., DeMauro, Sara B., Eichenwald, Eric C., Schmidt, Barbara, Kirpalani, Haresh, Chaudhary, Aasma S., Abbasi, Soraya, Mancini, Toni, Catts, Christine, Cook, Noah, Cucinotta, Dara M., Bernbaum, Judy C., Gerdes, Marsha, Ghavam, Sarvin, Hurt, Hallam, Snyder, Jonathan, Vangala, Saritha, Ziolkowski, Kristina, D'Angio, Carl T., Phelps, Dale L., Guillet, Ronnie, Myers, Gary J., Andrews-Hartley, Michelle, Johnson, Julie Babish, Binion, Kyle, Bowman, Melissa, Boylin, Elizabeth, Burnell, Erica, Coleman, Kelly R., Fallone, Cait, Farooq, Osman, Hunn, Julianne, Hust, Diane, Jensen, Rosemary L., Jones, Rachel, Kachelmeyer, Jennifer, Kushner, Emily, Maffett, Deanna, McKee, Kimberly G., Merzbach, Joan, Orme, Constance, Prinzing, Diane, Reubens, Linda J., Rochez, Daisy, Rowan, Mary, Sabaratnam, Premini, Scorsone, Ann Marie, Wadkins, Holly I.M., Yost, Kelley, Zwetsch, Lauren, Lakshminrusimha, Satyan, Reynolds, Anne Marie, Sacilowski, Michael G., Guilford, Stephanie, Li, Emily, Williams, Ashley, Zorn, William A., Wyckoff, Myra H., Brion, Luc P., Salhab, Walid A., Rosenfeld, Charles R., Heyne, Roy J., Vasil, Diana M., Adams, Sally S., Chen, Lijun, De Leon, Maria M., Eubanks, Francis, Guzman, Alicia, Hensley, Gaynelle, Heyne, Elizabeth T., Lee, Lizette E., Leps, Melissa H., Madden, Linda A., McDougald, E. Rebecca, Miller, Nancy A., Morgan, Janet S., Pavageau, Lara, Sepulveda, Pollieanna, Tolentino-Plata, Kristine, Boatman, Cathy Twell, Vera, Azucena, Waterbury, Jillian, Yoder, Bradley A., Baserga, Mariana, Faix, Roger G., Winter, Sarah, Minton, Stephen D., Sheffield, Mark J., Rau, Carrie A., Baker, Shawna, Bird, Karie, Burnett, Jill, Christensen, Susan, Cole-Bledsoe, Laura, Davis, Brandy, Elmont, Jennifer O., Jensen, Jennifer J., Loertscher, Manndi C., Jordan, Jamie, Marchant, Trisha, Maxson, Earl, McGrath, Kandace M., Osborne, Karen A., Parry, D. Melody, Reich, Brixen A., Schaefer, Susan T., Spencer, Cynthia, Steffen, Michael, Tice, Katherine, Weaver-Lewis, Kimberlee, Woodbury, Kathryn D., Zanetti, Karen, Dillard, Robert G., Washburn, Lisa K., Jackson, Barbara G., Peters, Nancy, Chiu, Korinne, Allred, Deborah Evans, Goldstein, Donald J., Halfond, Raquel, Peterson, Carroll, Waldrep, Ellen L., Welch, Cherrie D., Morris, Melissa Whalen, Hounshell, Gail Wiley, Shankaran, Seetha, Sood, Beena G., Natarajan, Girija, Pappas, Athina, Abramczyk, Katherine, Agarwal, Prashant, Bajaj, Monika, Bara, Rebecca, Billian, Elizabeth, Chawla, Sanjay, Childs, Kirsten, De Jesus, Lilia C., Driscoll, Debra, February, Melissa, Goldston, Laura A., Johnson, Mary E., Muran, Geraldine, Panaitescu, Bogdan, Prentiss, Jeannette E., White, Diane, Woldt, Eunice, Barks, John, Wiggins, Stephanie A., Christensen, Mary K., Carlson, Martha D., Ehrenkranz, Richard A., Jacobs, Harris, Butler, Christine G., Cervone, Patricia, Greisman, Sheila, Konstantino, Monica, Poulsen, JoAnn, Taft, Janet, Williams, Joanne, Romano, Elaine, Vohr, Betty R., Travers, Colm P., and Hintz, Susan R.

Published
2023
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36. Improved Physical Health in Middle-Older Aged Golf Caddies Following 24 Weeks of High-Volume Physical Activity.

Author

Sorbie, Graeme G., Williams, Ashley K., Carter, Sophie E., Campbell, Amy K., Glen, Jonathan, Lavallee, David, Sculthorpe, Nicholas, Murray, Andrew, and Beaumont, Alexander J.

Subjects
PHYSICAL activity, HDL cholesterol, BODY composition, LDL cholesterol, BLOOD lipids
Abstract

Background: The physical demands of golf caddying, including walking while carrying a golf bag, may potentially affect body composition, and markers of metabolic, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal health. Therefore, this study examined the impact of 24 weeks of caddying on physical health in middle-older aged males. Methods: Eleven full-time experienced male caddies (age: 59 [8] y; caddying experience: 14 [12] y) were recruited from a local golf course. The following were assessed at preseason and after 24 weeks of caddying (March–September 2022): body composition, heart rate, blood pressure, blood lipids, and performance tests (static and dynamic balance, strength, and submaximal fitness). Physical activity (PA) levels were assessed at preseason and at the mid-point of the caddying season. Across the caddying season, participants completed a monthly average of 24.0 (3.8) rounds. Results: Following the caddying season, improvements in static balance (Δ = 13.5 s), dynamic balance (Δ = −1.8 s), and lower back absolute strength (Δ = 112.8 N), and muscle quality (Δ = 2.0 N·kg−1) were observed (all P <.05). Additionally, blood lipids, including total cholesterol (Δ = −0.6 mmol·L−1), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Δ = 0.1 mmol·L−1), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Δ = −0.6 mmol·L−1) (all P <.05), and body composition, including body mass (Δ = −2.7 kg), fat mass (Δ = −1.9 kg), fat percentage (Δ = −1.4%), fat-to-muscle ratio (Δ = −0.03), and body mass index (Δ = −0.9 kg·m−2) (all P <.05) improved. Caddying did not offer beneficial changes to cardiovascular variables or cardiorespiratory fitness (P >.05), while coronary heart disease risk score decreased (Δ = −3.3%) (P <.05). In relation to PA, light- (Δ = 145 min) and moderate-intensity (Δ = 71 min) PA, moderate to vigorous PA (Δ = 73 min), and total PA (Δ = 218 min) between preseason and the mid-point of the caddying season increased, while sedentary time (Δ = −172 min) decreased (all P <.05). Conclusion: Golf caddying can provide several physical health benefits such as improvements in various markers of cardiometabolic health, lower back absolute strength, and static and dynamic balance. The physical health improvements that caddying offers is likely contributed to by increased PA volume and intensity through walking on the golf course. Therefore, caddying may represent a feasible model for increasing PA volume and intensity and achieve physical health–related benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Racial Group Differences in the Predictive Validity of Undergraduate GPA, GRE, and MAT Scores on Counselor Knowledge Acquisition

Author

Wilkinson, Tyler, Shugart, Austin, Williams, Ashley, and Riechel, Morgan Kiper

Abstract

Researchers explored group differences in the predictive validity of undergraduate GPA, GRE, and MAT scores on CPCE results between 14a sample of White and Black counseling students (n = 378). Results indicated that both the GRE and MAT demonstrate predictive validity on CPCE scores. Differences across the sampling groups and implications for counselor education will be discussed.

Published
2021
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44. Revealing the Structural Intricacies of Biomembrane‐Interfaced Emulsions with Small‐ and Ultra‐Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering.

Author

Vidallon, Mark Louis P., Williams, Ashley P., Moon, Mitchell J., Liu, Haikun, Trépout, Sylvain, Bishop, Alexis I., Teo, Boon Mian, Tabor, Rico F., Peter, Karlheinz, de Campo, Liliana, and Wang, Xiaowei

Subjects
*SCATTERING (Physics), *NEUTRON scattering, *DEUTERIUM oxide, *ERYTHROCYTES, *COLLOIDAL stability
Abstract

Utilizing cell membranes from diverse cell types for biointerfacing has demonstrated significant advantages in enhancing colloidal stability and incorporating biological properties, tailored specifically for various biomedical applications. However, the structures of these materials, particularly emulsions interfaced with red blood cell (RBC) or platelet (PLT) membranes, remain an underexplored area. This study systematically employs small‐ and ultra‐small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS and USANS) with contrast variation to investigate the structure of emulsions containing perfluorohexane within RBC (RBC/PFH) and PLT membranes (PLT/PFH). The findings reveal that the scattering length density of RBC and PLT membranes is 1.5 × 10−6 Å−2, similar to 30% (w/w) deuterium oxide. Using this solvent as a cell membrane‐matching medium, estimated droplet diameters are 770 nm (RBC/PFH) and 1.5 µm (PLT/PFH), based on polydispersed sphere model fitting. Intriguingly, calculated patterns and invariant analysis reveal native droplet architectures featuring entirely liquid PFH cores, differing significantly from the observed bubble–droplet core system in electron microscopy. This highlights the advantage of SANS and USANS in differentiating genuine colloidal structures in complex dispersions. In summary, this work underscores the pivotal role of SANS and USANS in characterizing biointerfaced colloids and in uncovering novel colloidal structures with significant potential for biomedical applications and clinical translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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