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High resolution TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X as well as Sentinel-1 remote sensing Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data are used to determine and monitor the waterline in the Wadden Sea. In this very unique and dynamic coastal region in the southeastern North Sea, tidal flats extend several kilometers away from the coast during low tide with features like tidal inlets and sand banks. Under the influence of tidal water currents transporting large amounts of eroded material, inlets and sand banks move over time; heavy storms can even cause large variations in their extensions in merely a few hours. Observation of these obstacles is crucial for maritime security as high ship traffic is caused by the ports of Hamburg, Bremerhaven, Wilhelmshaven and others. Conventional monitoring campaigns with ships or airplanes are economically expensive and can only provide limited coverage. We present an automatic algorithm with Near Real-Time capability for extracting the waterline at the time of recording from SAR images, which allows for a fast and large scale determination of changes in coastal outlines. The comparison of recent acquisitions of TerraSAR-X and Sentinel-1 to bathymetry data of the Elbe estuary obtained in 2010 reveals significant changes in tidal flat structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduced a functional p16 cDNA into non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines expressing different combinations of normal and mutated p16, p53, and Rb genes via a recombinant adenovirus to determine the effect of exogenous p16 expression on cell growth. Analysis of p16-deficient cells infected with Adv/p16 identified growth arrest of the cells in the G0–G1 phase early on. Apoptosis was identified to occur by the 5th day after infection which corresponded with increased p16 expression, reduced Rb expression, and increased Rb hypophosphorylation, but only occurred in cells expressing functional p53. Further analysis indicated that the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 was greatly reduced in the NSCLC cell lines H460 and A549 (both -p16, +p53, +Rb), again only by the 5th day after Adv/p16 infection, but no affect on Bax expression was observed. H1299 cells (-p16, -p53, +Rb) infected with Adv/p16 only exhibited apoptosis by an additional infection with Adv/p53 which also corresponded with a down-regulation of bcl-2. In addition, the infection of A549 cells with Adv/p16 followed by a subsequent infection with Adv/Rb lead to a significant decrease in apoptosis which correlated with an increase in bcl-2 expression. These studies suggest that p16 is capable of mediating apoptosis in NSCLC cell lines expressing wild-type p53, through a direct down-regulation of Rb and an indirect down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2. Oncogene (2000) 19, 1589–1595. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]