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Abstract Background and Aims In HIV-infected patients, manifestations of the disease are common in the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of the Given® Video Capsule System (Given Imaging, Yoqneam, Israel) in these patients. Methods After exclusion of GI-tract stenosis by anamnestic exploration, 49 patients were included into the study. Stratification: Group A (n = 19): HIV-positive, CD4 cell count < 200/μl, gastrointestinal symptoms present. Group B: HIV-positive, CD4 < 200/μl, without gastrointestinal symptoms (n = 19 Group) C: healthy volunteers (n = 11). Results In group A there was a total of 30 pathological findings, 15 of which with therapeutic implications. In group B, there was a total of 22 pathological findings, 5 relevant for therapy. In group C there was a total of 13 pathological findings, 3 with therapeutic relevance. In 89% (group A) vs. 26% (group B), pathological findings were detected distal the ligament of Treitz (p = 0.001). All capsules were recovered without complications after 12 to 96 h from the stool. Conclusion Wireless capsule endoscopy of the small intestine should be considered for HIV-infected patients with marked immunosuppression and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Copyright of Innere Medizin (2731-7080) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Colo-Proctology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To report a rare case of lumbar vertebral subluxation associated with spontaneous reduction in an adolescent treated conservatively. Clinical Presentation and Intervention: A 14-year-old male victim of a snowboard accident, which caused a lumbar spinal injury, was referred to the emergency room with significant lumbar pain. Neurologic examination was normal. Radiographic assessment at admission showed a unilateral left lateral subluxation of the L2-L3 vertebrae without associated fractures. These findings were confirmed by CT scan and a surgical management was decided. The preoperative MRI performed 24 h after the accident, however, revealed the spontaneous reduction of the subluxation, and an associated tear of the quadratus lumborum and the psoas muscles on the right side at the level of L2, L3 and L4. Following these findings conservative treatment with a plaster brace for 2 months was carried out. The brace was removed after 2 months. The patient had no pain and the range of motion of his lumbar spine was normal. Three months after injury, sports activities were resumed. At follow-up of 24 months, the patient was free of pain and radiographs showed a right positional bending without rotational or translation anomaly. Conclusion: To date, this is the first case of subluxation without fracture in a child, presenting without neurological deficit and where spontaneous reduction occurred. In this case, conservative treatment was effective and the outcome at 2-year follow-up was excellent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To present four cases of tuberculosis of the greater trochanter. Case Presentation and Intervention: The four cases (3 females and 1 male), aged 45–70 years, presented with mechanical pain in the trochanteric area associated with progressive swelling in the 3 female patients in whom mobility was also restricted. X-ray revealed a mass in 2 females; CT scan and MRI exhibited an abscess in the 3 females. Histological and bacteriological examinations showed Mycobacterium bovis in the 3 females and M. tuberculosis in the male. In the females, tritherapy and surgery were performed, while in the male quadritherapy and surgery. All the patients recovered and were followed up for 4–9 years. Conclusion: These cases show that both chemotherapy and surgery must be synergic if tuberculosis is diagnosed and an abscess is confirmed by imaging. Copyright © 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arthroskopie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The lipodystrophy syndrome (LDS) is a growing problem in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). It is characterized by alterations of body composition and metabolic abnormalities. The goal of the study was to investigate attitudes toward health condition, well-being, and individual appearance in relation to LDS. Outpatients between July and October 2000 in an HIV-specialized unit at the University Hospital of Dusseldorf, Germany, underwent clinical evaluation and received a standardized written questionnaire. Of 389 patients eligible for analysis, 313 patients returned completed questionnaires (response rate, 80.5%). LDS was observed in 37.7%; the predominant manifestation was lipoatrophy of the face (32.9%). Individuals with and without LDS did not differ significantly in their attitude to the quality of their health condition and the amount of disturbance of their well-being by HIV infection. Participants with LDS felt recognizable as HIV-positive by physical appearance in 30.1%, compared to 18.3% in patients without LDS (p = 0.027). This difference became more pronounced after adjustment for gender, age, stage of disease, CD4 cell count, and duration of HAART (odds ratio, 2.04, 95%-confidence interval [CI] 1.09-3.84). In conclusion, LDS does not seem to disturb the general attitude toward health condition and well-being. However, patients presenting with lipodystrophy are about twice as likely to feel recognizable as HIV-positive by their physical appearance. LDS may thus be perceived as a characteristic mark of being HIV-positive by affected persons. A stigmatizing effect and social disadvantages may be the consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on problems associated with myobacterial infections. Atypical mycobacterial infections are a frequent problem in severely immunocompromised HIV-positive patients. The great majority (96%) of disease due to atypical mycobacteria is caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). However, the incidence of disseminated diseases due to other atypical mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium xenopi, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium genavense, Mycobacterium terrae and Mycobacterium fortuitum has increased among HIV-infected patients.

The article evaluates the feasibility of micromotion measurement on human cadaveric femur with micro-computed tomography (μCT). The study shows that the use μCT in measuring micromotion enables to measure the displacement of loosely placed and bound particles round the implant in 3D. However, the μCT voxel resolution of 36μm is not sufficient in determining the motion of the particles lower than 100μm.