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Introduction: Synthetic chemical drug treatments have drawbacks including adverse effects and toxicity. Natural alternatives are sought after. Chemotherapy can be toxic. Medicinal plants offer a suggested alternative. This study examines P. harmala plant extracts for phenolic and flavonoid content, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Methods: Two samples of P. harmala plant extract were prepared using ultrasonication, with ethanol concentrations of 100% and 50%. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using a chemical assay method. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) using the diffusion procedure. The antioxidant impact of the extracts was assessed using the DPPH procedure. P. harmala extracts showed inhibitory effects on MCF7 breast cancer and HT29 colon cancer cell lines. Results: The results of the study indicated that the P. harmala plant extracts were rich in phenolic compounds (with total phenolic content of 215.8 ±3.5 and 155.8 ±2.9 mg gallic acid per g extract for 50% and 100% ethanol extracts, respectively) and flavonoids (with total flavonoids content of 112.1 ±3.1 and 92.3 ±1.8 mg catechin per g extract) and had a high rate of antioxidant activity. The 50% ethanol extract yielded 411.8 ±3.5 μmol trolox/g, while the 100% ethanol extract yielded 312.9 ±8.2 μmol trolox per g extract. P. harmala extracts exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and Streptococcus. They also demonstrated strong anticancer activity, causing significant cell death in breast and colon cancer cell lines within 48 h of culturing. Conclusion: P. harmala ethanolic extracts are rich in polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids, displaying high antioxidant activity. They also exhibit strong inhibitory effects against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and demonstrate potent anticancer activity against breast and colon cancer cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green and sensitive spectrofluorometric methods have been developed and validated for the determination of timolol maleate (TML)/hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and amiloride hydrochloride (AMH)/hydrochlorothiazide in tablets. The proposed spectrofluorometric procedures were found to be linear in the range of 4–12, 5–35 and 0.025–0.2 mg L−1 for HCT, TML and AMH, resp. The excitation and emission wavelengths for HCT, TML and AMH at room temperature were 270 and 375, 295 and 435, 330 and 415 nm, resp. The methods were validated with respect to ICH guidelines. The AMH showed higher sensitivity with lower values of LOD and LOQ values compared to HCT and TML. The proposed methods were applied to two pharmaceutical formulations; the method for HCT and AMH has proven as reliable assaying method, whereas the method for TML, when combined with HCT, is applicable to screening semi-quantitative analyses.

Introduction: The use of medicinal plants from traditional knowledge systems has increased in recent years. Achillea fragrantissima -infused water has a historical use in relieving gastrointestinal complaints and treating skin inflammations. With the rising resistance to antimalarial drugs, finding safe and affordable new drugs is crucial. Exploring medicinal plants shows promise for drug development in the fight against malaria. Methods: The objective of this research is to examine the in vitro antimalarial activity of A. fragrantissima -infused water, as well as water-ethanol extracts of its leaves, flowers, and stems based on β-hematin formation. Colorimetric semiquantitative assessments based on β-hematin inhibition and evaluation of optical density at 405 nm were employed. Results: The results demonstrated promising antimalarial activity of the different plant parts. The aqueous flower extract exhibited strong activity, comparable to that of the positive control. The leaves extract also showed strong antimalarial activity. The stem's aqueous and ethanolic extracts exhibited lower inhibitory activity compared to flowers and leaves. Synergistic antimalarial activity was observed when mixing the stem and leaves water extracts, as well as when mixing each of the stem and leaves extracts with the flower extract. The highest synergistic effect was observed when all three parts of the plant were mixed, resulting in activity comparable to the positive control. The high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) chromatographic method confirmed the presence of rutin in the leaves extract. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the potential antimalarial activity of A. fragrantissima. The aqueous flower extract and leaves extract exhibited strong antimalarial activity, while the stem extracts showed relatively lower activity. Furthermore, synergistic effects were observed when combining different parts of the plant. These results suggest that A. fragrantissima holds promise as a potential source for the development of new antimalarial drugs. The confirmation of rutin presence in the leaves extract through HPLC-PDA analysis provides additional insights into the plant's chemical composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

S. securidaca seeds are reported to treat a variety of diseases; they contain multiple antidiabetic constituents and are widely used as anti-hyperglycemic, antibacterial, as well as anti-hyperlipidemic agents. The present work aimed to propose tablet formulations containing extracts of S. securidaca seeds in an attempt to obtain antibacterial and anti-hyperglycemic formulations with a more efficient oral hypoglycemic impact, limited side effects, and higher patient compliance for the first time, resulting in multiple benefits. Tablet formulations were created by encapsulating granules from S. securidaca seed extracts with varying concentrations of sodium starch glycolate as a super-disintegrant (0–3%). The final formulations were examined for weight variation, solubility, hardness, water content, disintegration time, friability, drug content (trigonelline and diosgenin), and in vitro drug release. The S. securidaca tablet formulations completed the weight test because the percentage deviation in the personal tablet weight and mechanical resistance from the mean were identified to be within the average range. In accordance with the results, formulations containing diosgenin as well as trigonelline as a super-disintegrant were identified as the ideal formulations. The amount of the active substance released from the tablet (S. securidaca seed extract formulation) was consistent throughout the results with the standard methods recommended by the FDA (94.05%) for diosgenin and 87.25% for trigonelline after 45 min. The acceptable limit, according to the FDA, is not more than (N.L.T.) 80% after 45 min for phase #1. The present study aimed to obtain an optimized formula for S. securidaca extract tablets that met the requirements of a good pharmaceutical preparation according to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF). This has important implications for the development of novel, effective treatments and significantly advances the development of natural medicine. Our findings are expected to be of interest to researchers, clinicians, and other experts in this field of study. Based on these findings, it can be inferred that the formulation of S. securidaca seed extracts with appropriate and compatible herbal dosage forms has fewer side effects and is more effective than traditional treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CDK1 (cyclin dependent kinase 1) is a key regulator of the cell cycle and is frequently dysregulated in cancer, making it a promising target for anticancer therapy. Securigera securidaca L. (S. securidaca) seeds, traditionally used in folk medicine for various ailments including cancer, were examined for their potential as CDK1/Cks2 inhibitors using in silico approaches. A total of 14 phytocompounds was identified in the GC/MS chromatogram, with gingerone being the most abundant at 25.67% and hippeastrine the least at 2%. Major constituents of the essential extract, including gingerol, eugenol, α-curcumene, and gingerol, showed high values and made up 52% of the total content of the volatile extract. Molecular docking and ADMET studies suggested that hippeastrine and naringenin are potential hit candidates against CDK1, exhibiting good drug-like properties and molecular interactions with desirable pharmacokinetic and toxicological characteristics close to dinaciclib. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that both compounds exhibited stable conformations inside the binding site over the 100 ns MD simulation, suggesting they may stabilize the protein structure by reducing the flexibility of the CDK1 backbone. Additionally, MM-PBSA calculations further supported the stability of hippeastrine and naringenin in CDK1 complexes. Overall, these findings suggest that hippeastrine and naringenin are potential hit candidates for CDK1 inhibition, providing valuable insight into their binding and stability within the active site of CDK1. Further investigation of these compounds with in vitro and in vivo assays is warranted to assess their potential as CDK1 inhibitors for cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two active coronaviral proteins (3CLpro and Nsp15) have been studied using both the GCMS and docking methods. These coronaviral proteins have been examined with the methanol extract generated from leaves of the Arum palaestinum. According to the GC-MS findings, 19 major natural compounds are present in the plant's methanolic extract. The lowest Binding Energy (LBE) and the inhibition constant (Ki) have been used to identify and classify the potential of these lead drugs with their pharmacological properties. The affinity of these compounds with coronaviral proteins has been evaluated to reveal the usage of these compounds at the active sites of the receptors, 3CLpro (PDB ID: 6LU7) and Nsp15 (PDB ID: 6VWW). The results of β-Sitosterol, Androstan-3-one, Phenobarbital, Maltose, and α-Tocopherol show more affinity to Nsp15 and 3CLpro than to the supporting control drugs. Furthermore, an evaluation of the interactions of these components with the amino acids of 3CLpro and Nsp15 revealed that β-Sitosterol has the best LBE score and Ki value as compared with those of the approved medication and all other compounds under investigation. Consequently, these potential compounds may be modern inhibitors of coronavirus. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed for such computational findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and operation of an atmospheric pressure static reactor coupled to an ion trap mass spectrometer is described. The reactor is designed for studying gas-phase reactions that are important in atmospheric chemistry. The system provides a simple and robust method for identifying the products of gas-phase reactions. Results for the reaction of [O.sub.3] with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene (tetramethylethylene, TME) are demonstrated as a proof of the principle for the performance of the static reactor. All of the previously reported major primary products of the reaction were observed, and the yields of two compounds (acetone and hydroxyacetone) were quantified, in excellent agreement with previous work. Several minor species were also observed, demonstrating the potential for this method to investigate the product channels for less well-studied atmospherically relevant reactions. Key words: atmospheric pressure reactor, ozone, tetramethylethylene (TME), ion trap mass spectrometer, gas-phase reaction. On decrit la fabrication et l'operation d'un reacteur statique a pression atmospherique coupleeea un spectrometre de masse avec trappe ionique. Le reacteur a ete construit de facon a pouvoir etudier les reactions en phase gazeuse importantes en chimie de l'atmosphere. Le systeme fournit une methode simple et robuste pour identifier les produits des reactions en phase gazeuse. On a utilise les resultats de la reaction de l'ozone, [O.sub.3,] avec le 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene (tetramethylethylene, TME) comme preuve du principe de la performance du reacteur statique. Tous les produits primaires majeurs de la reaction rapportes anterieurement ont ete observes et les rendements de deux composes (acetone et hydroxyacetone) ont ete quantifies, en excellent accord avec les reesultats obtenus anterieurement. On a aussi observe plusieurs especes mineures, ce qui demontre le potentiel de cette methode pour etudier les voies reactionnelles de reactions interessantes d'un point de vue atmospherique, mais moins bien etudiees. Mots-cles: reacteur a pression atmospherique, ozone, tetramethylethylene (TME), spectrometre de masse a piege ionique, reaction en phase gazeuse. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction There are numerous approaches available to investigate the kinetics and mechanisms of gas-phase reactions; these include FTIR spectroscopy, (1-3) fast flow tube mass spectrometers (FF-MS), (4,5) turbulent flow tube [...]

Two active coronaviral proteins (3CLpro and Nsp15) have been studied using both the GCMS and docking methods. These coronaviral proteins have been examined with the methanol extract generated from leaves of the Arum palaestinum. According to the GC-MS findings, 19 major natural compounds are present in the plant's methanolic extract. The lowest Binding Energy (LBE) and the inhibition constant (Ki) have been used to identify and classify the potential of these lead drugs with their pharmacological properties. The affinity of these compounds with coronaviral proteins has been evaluated to reveal the usage of these compounds at the active sites of the receptors, 3CLpro (PDB ID: 6LU7) and Nsp15 (PDB ID: 6VWW). The results of β-Sitosterol, Androstan-3-one, Phenobarbital, Maltose, and α-Tocopherol show more affinity to Nsp15 and 3CLpro than to the supporting control drugs. Furthermore, an evaluation of the interactions of these components with the amino acids of 3CLpro and Nsp15 revealed that β-Sitosterol has the best LBE score and Ki value as compared with those of the approved medication and all other compounds under investigation. Consequently, these potential compounds may be modern inhibitors of coronavirus. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed for such computational findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spectrofluorometric and spectrophotometric bivariate methods were developed for quantitative of Propranolol and Hydrochlorothiazide in drug tablets in an aqueous medium. The methods were tested according to ICH guidelines for linearity, recovery, and specificity and were found accurate, precise, sensitive, and free from interferences. The linearity was established over the ranges 0.025-0.30 and 0.010-0.20 mg/L in the first method, and 1.0-20.0 and 5.0-25.0 mg/L in the second method, for PRO and HCT, respectively. The excitation and emission wavelengths were 260, 345, and 270, 415 nm, for PRO and HCT in the first method, respectively. The recoveries were higher than 95% for both methods. Additionally, the results were statistically compared to that of standard chromatographic methods and showed that no significant difference among the methods regarding both accuracy and precision. Thus, the methods were successfully applied to the quantitation of PRO and HCT in combined formulations. The proposed methods are reliable, simple, sensitive, and adaptable and could effectively be an alternative method to HPLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selectivity enhancement of membrane introduction mass spectrometry of nonpolar alkanes, alkenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons in air samples by application of nitric oxide chemical ionization (NOCI/MIMS) is demonstrated. Membrane methods are useful for separating compounds (usually nonpolar organics) from air and water samples without costly and time-consuming sample preparation, and coupled with mass spectrometry, they provide good sensitivity. But they often suffer from lack of specificity in mixture analysis, particularly for saturated organics. Nitric oxide chemical ionization is able to produce strong unique ion signals for many hydrocarbon test compounds that can be used identify and quantify the parent neutrals. Our observed detection limits for a number of test compounds were relatively high; however, the method could potentially be useful for environmental analytical applications (e.g., plume tracking) in the monitored compound was at elevated levels or if NOCI/MIMS is coupled with a trapping method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the chemical modulation of volatile hydrocarbons. Use of ozonolysis pretreatment and membrane introduction mass spectrometry in the study; Improvement on the selectivity of the membrane introduction mass spectrometry; Analysis of volatile hydrocarbon compounds in air samples for air pollution monitoring.