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3. Factors Affecting Women Sports Officials' Intention to Leave Across Europe.

Author

Wicker, Pamela, Cunningham, George B., and Webb, Tom

Subjects
WOMEN'S sports, SOCIOCULTURAL factors, MANAGERS of sports teams, YOUNG women, WOMEN executives
Abstract

This study examines the factors affecting women officials' intention to leave their chosen sport, including personal, work-related, and sociocultural factors. The empirical analysis is based on survey data of women officials in 69 different sports across Europe (n = 3,214). Overall, 10.7% of women expressed a turnover intention. Regression analyses indicate that this intention is higher for women who have more officiating experience (16–20 years), officiate at lower levels of sport (grassroots, junior), frequently experience abuse, and dislike the stress and time commitments of officiating, lack of support from the federation, and their lack of opportunity to progress. Younger women (≤24 years) with a mentor, who enjoy being part of a sport community and live in a more gender equal society are less likely to leave. The findings suggest that multiple factors are at work, which need to be addressed by sport managers to retain women in officiating roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. Mental Health Symptoms of Amateur Association Football Referees: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Author

Lima, Yavuz, Devran, Sergen, Webb, Tom, and Bayraktar, Bülent

Subjects
MENTAL illness, SOCCER referees, SOCCER, HISTORY of sports, CROSS-sectional method, MENTAL depression, MARITAL status
Abstract

Although referees who officiate in the amateur football leagues are exposed to various stressors that can negatively affect their mental health (MH), little is known about their MH symptoms. The purpose of the study was to evaluate MH symptoms of referees who officiate in the Turkish amateur football leagues. An online survey was sent to all referees in the Turkish amateur football leagues (n = 4,900) incorporating standardized scales assessing depression, anxiety, and stress. A total of 1,279 referees participated in the study. Female referees reported higher depression (p <.01) and anxiety (p =.02) scores than males. Younger referees (23–27 years) reported higher depression (p =.01) and anxiety (p <.01) scores than older (>38 years) referees. Results showed that symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress scores were associated with marital status (being single), lower incomes, severe sports injury history, and inadequate social support. In light of these results, MH assessments should be undertaken to detect which referees are at greater risk of MH problems and facilitate appropriate and timely MH interventions. Further study is needed to inform MH risk reduction strategies and/or programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Genome-wide association meta-analysis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection identifies risk variants and genes related to artery integrity and tissue-mediated coagulation

Author

Adlam, David, Berrandou, Takiy-Eddine, Georges, Adrien, Nelson, Christopher P., Giannoulatou, Eleni, Henry, Joséphine, Ma, Lijiang, Blencowe, Montgomery, Turley, Tamiel N., Yang, Min-Lee, Chopade, Sandesh, Finan, Chris, Braund, Peter S., Sadeg-Sayoud, Ines, Iismaa, Siiri E., Kosel, Matthew L., Zhou, Xiang, Hamby, Stephen E., Cheng, Jenny, Liu, Lu, Tarr, Ingrid, Muller, David W. M., d’Escamard, Valentina, King, Annette, Brunham, Liam R., Baranowska-Clarke, Ania A., Debette, Stéphanie, Amouyel, Philippe, Olin, Jeffrey W., Patil, Snehal, Hesselson, Stephanie E., Junday, Keerat, Kanoni, Stavroula, Aragam, Krishna G., Butterworth, Adam S., Tweet, Marysia S., Gulati, Rajiv, Combaret, Nicolas, Kadian-Dodov, Daniella, Kalman, Jonathan M., Fatkin, Diane, Hingorani, Aroon D., Saw, Jacqueline, Webb, Tom R., Hayes, Sharonne N., Yang, Xia, Ganesh, Santhi K., Olson, Timothy M., Kovacic, Jason C., Graham, Robert M., Samani, Nilesh J., and Bouatia-Naji, Nabila

Published
2023
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6. Implications and Opportunities for Sport Management Education in the COVID-19 Era

Author

Rayner, Mike and Webb, Tom

Abstract

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was detected in three patients from the city of Wuhan, China. By January 2020, COVID-19 was declared a widespread pandemic creating a global health crisis, resulting in millions of people contracting the virus and thousands losing their lives. Alongside the wide-reaching health crisis, the impact of COVID-19 had significant economic and societal effects leaving a historical legacy, which will affect countries throughout the world for a considerable period of time. As COVID-19 spread around the globe, the way people socialize, work, and study essentially changed forever. Therefore, this essay provides an insight into the rapid process that universities across the globe undertook to transition their teaching operations online. Projects and pedagogic reviews that traditionally would have taken months or years to devise were compressed into days, as the pandemic necessitated that traditional concerns about online teaching were cast aside. Consequently, this essay discusses these new educational platforms in sport management education and their future role in developing professionals who will be at the forefront of an unprecedented industry growth in the years and decades after COVID-19.

Published
2021
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7. No Crowds, No Home Advantage in Football during the COVID-19 Season: Are Crowds Able to Manipulate All but the Best Referees' Behaviour?

Author

Nevill, Alan, Pearson, Alastair, and Webb, Tom

Subjects
FOOTBALL referees, COVID-19 pandemic, SPORTS spectators, SPORTS administration, SPORTS officials
Abstract

This study confirmed that without crowds there was no home advantage in association football during the COVID-19 2020-21 season. Consequently, we sort to answer the obvious question, 'Are crowds influencing referees' behaviour?' The number of home and away red and yellow cards awarded in the 'no crowd' COVID-19 2020-21 season (all 4 top English divisions) were compared with the home and away cards awarded during the previous 10 'crowd' seasons (2010-11 to 2019-20). Results revealed that there was no home advantage in red and yellow cards awarded by referees in all 4 English leagues/divisions during the COVID-19 2020-21 season. Referees awarded significantly more cards to away players when adjudicating with crowds (seasons 2010-11 to 2019-20). However, in more recent 'crowd' seasons, Premier League referees are less susceptible to such influences with a narrowing of the gap between home and away yellow cards, suggesting that their preparation, management and training provides them with an element of 'crowd immunity'. It would appear that home crowds are able to influence all but the very best referees' behaviour. These new insights provide important information for the training and management of referees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Implementing a scoping review to explore sport officials' mental health.

Author

Carter, Tori B., Gorczynski, Paul, Coady, Christopher J., Cunningham, Ian J., Mascarenhas, Duncan R. D., Grant, Murray, Sullivan, Philip, Webb, Tom, Livingston, Lori A., and Hancock, David J.

Subjects
SPORTS, ATHLETES, MENTAL health, ANXIETY, SPORTS officials
Abstract

Introduction: Sport officials are tasked with applying rules, maintaining fairness, and ensuring athlete safety. However, sport officials experience anxiety, burnout, and non-accidental violence, with the incidence of these events increasing worldwide. This has led to rising attrition rates among sport officials, with many sport organizations concerned for their operational capacity. The effects of anxiety, burnout, and non-accidental violence might contribute to or be indicative of sport officials' negative mental health outcomes. To develop a clear understanding of how sport officials' mental health is affected by their occupation, it is necessary to identify the mental health outcomes and predictors they experience, and to what extent. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and examine the empirical research and policy documents surrounding sport officials' mental health. Method: One thousand, two hundred six articles were identified across four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, SportDiscus, and PsycINFO. Next, a policy search was conducted on the respective international governing body websites from English-speaking countries for the 60 included sports. Following screening, 18 studies and one policy document met the inclusion criteria for exploring sport officials' mental health. Results: Participants (N = 7,941) in the studies were mainly European male soccer and basketball referees. Most studies utilized quantitative inquiry (n = 15) rather than qualitative methods (n = 2) or framework development (n = 1). The research demonstrated that sport officials frequently experienced negative mental health outcomes and predictors including anxiety, depression, burnout, lower mental health literacy, and high levels of stigmatization towards mental health. Discussion: These outcomes were influenced by gender/sex, age, and experience. There is a need to explore personal and environmental (including occupational) factors that cause or contribute to sport officials' mental health symptoms and disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Second asymptomatic carotid surgery trial (ACST-2): a randomised comparison of carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy

Author

Halliday, Alison, Bulbulia, Richard, Bonati, Leo H, Peto, Richard, Pan, Hongchao, Potter, John, Henning Eckstein, Hans, Farrell, Barbara, Flather, Marcus, Mansfield, Averil, Mihaylova, Boby, Rahimi, Kazim, Simpson, David, Thomas, Dafydd, Sandercock, Peter, Gray, Richard, Molyneux, Andrew, Shearman, Cliff P, Rothwell, Peter, Belli, Anna, Herrington, Will, Judge, Parminder, Leopold, Peter, Mafham, Marion, Gough, Michael, Cao, Piergiorgio, MacDonald, Sumaira, Bari, Vasha, Berry, Clive, Bradshaw, S, Brudlo, Wojciech, Clarke, Alison, Chester, Johanna, Cox, Robin, Cradduck-Bamford, Andrea, Fathers, Susan, Gaba, Kamran, Gray, Mo, Hayter, Elizabeth, Holliday, Constance, Kurien, Rijo, Lay, Michael, le Conte, Steffi, McManus, Jessica, Madgwick, Zahra, Morris, Dylan, Munday, Andrew, Pickworth, Sandra, Ostasz, Wiktor, Poorthuis, Michiel, Richards, Sue, Teixeira, Louisa, Tochlin, Sergey, Tully, Lynda, Wallis, Carol, Willet, Monique, Young, Alan, Casana, Renato, Malloggi, Chiara, Odero Jr, Andrea, Silani, Vincenzo, Parati, Gianfranco, Malchiodi, Giuseppe, Malferrari, Giovanni, Strozzi, Francesco, Tusini, Nicola, Vecchiati, Enrico, Coppi, Gioacchino, Lauricella, Antonio, Moratto, Roberto, Silingardi, Roberto, Veronesi, Jessica, Zini, Andrea, Ferrero, Emanuele, Ferri, Michelangelo, Gaggiano, Andrea, Labate, Carmelo, Nessi, Franco, Psacharopulo, Daniele, Viazzo, Andrea, Malacrida, Giovanni, Mazzaccaro, Daniela, Meola, Giovanni, Modafferi, Alfredo, Nano, Giovanni, Occhiuto, Maria Teresa, Righini, Paolo, Stegher, Silvia, Chiarandini, Stefano, Griselli, Filippo, Lepidi, Sandro, Pozzi Mucelli, Fabio, Naccarato, Marcello, D'Oria, Mario, Ziani, Barbara, Stella, Andrea, Dieng, Mortalla, Faggioli, Gianluca, Gargiulo, Mauro, Palermo, Sergio, Pini, Rodolfo, Puddu, Giovanni Maria, Vacirca, Andrea, Angiletta, Domenico, Desantis, Claudio, Marinazzo, Davide, Mastrangelo, Giovanni, Regina, Guido, Pulli, Raffaele, Bianchi, Paolo, Cireni, Lea, Coppi, Elisabetta, Pizzirusso, Rocco, Scalise, Filippo, Sorropago, Giovanni, Tolva, Valerio, Caso, Valeria, Cieri, Enrico, DeRango, Paola, Farchioni, Luca, Isernia, Giacomo, Lenti, Massimo, Parlani, Gian Battista, Pupo, Guglielmo, Pula, Grazia, Simonte, Gioele, Verzini, Fabio, Carimati, Federico, Delodovici, Maria Luisa, Fontana, Federico, Piffaretti, Gabriele, Tozzi, Matteo, Civilini, Efrem, Poletto, Giorgio, Reimers, Bernhard, Praquin, Barbara, Ronchey, Sonia, Capoccia, Laura, Mansour, Wassim, Sbarigia, Enrico, Speziale, Francesco, Sirignano, Pasqualino, Toni, Danilo, Galeotti, Roberto, Gasbarro, Vincenzo, Mascoli, Francesco, Rocca, Tiberio, Tsolaki, Elpiniki, Bernardini, Giulia, DeMarco, Ester, Giaquinta, Alessia, Patti, Francesco, Veroux, Massimiliano, Veroux, Pierfrancesco, Virgilio, Carla, Mangialardi, Nicola, Orrico, Matteo, Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo, Montelione, Nunzio, Spinelli, Francesco, Stilo, Francesco, Cernetti, Carlo, Irsara, Sandro, Maccarrone, Giuseppe, Tonello, Diego, Visonà, Adriana, Zalunardo, Beniamino, Chisci, Emiliano, Michelagnoli, Stefano, Troisi, Nicola, Masato, Maela, Dei Negri, Massimo, Pacchioni, Andrea, Saccà, Salvatore, Amatucci, Giovanni, Cannizzaro, Alfredo, Accrocca, Federico, Ambrogi, Cesare, Barbazza, Renzo, Marcucci, Giustino, Siani, Andrea, Bajardi, Guido, Savettieri, Giovanni, Argentieri, Angelo, Corbetta, Riccardo, Odero, Attilio, Quaretti, Pietro, Thyrion, Federico Z, Cappelli, Alessandro, Benevento, Domenico, De Donato, Gianmarco, Mele, Maria Agnese, Palasciano, Giancarlo, Pieragalli, Daniela, Rossi, Alessandro, Setacci, Carlo, Setacci, Francesco, Palombo, Domenico, Perfumo, Maria Cecilia, Martelli, Edoardo, Paolucci, Aldo, Trimarchi, Santi, Grassi, Viviana, Grimaldi, Luigi, La Rosa, Giuliana, Mirabella, Domenico, Scialabba, Matteo, Sichel, Leonildo, D'Angelo, Costantino L, Fadda, Gian Franco, Kasemi, Holta, Marino, Mario, Burzotta, Francesco, Codispoti, Francesco Alberto, Ferrante, Angela, Tinelli, Giovanni, Tshomba, Yamume, Vincenzoni, Claudio, Amis, Deborah, Anderson, Dawn, Catterson, Martin, Clarke, Mike, Davis, Michelle, Dixit, Anand, Dyker, Alexander, Ford, Gary, Jackson, Ralph, Kappadath, Sreevalsan, Lambert, David, Lees, Tim, Louw, Stephen, McCaslin, James, Parr, Noala, Robson, Rebecca, Stansby, Gerard, Wales, Lucy, Wealleans, Vera, Wilson, Lesley, Wyatt, Michael, Baht, Hardeep, Balogun, Ibrahim, Burger, Ilse, Cosier, Tracy, Cowie, Linda, Gunathilagan, Gunaratnam, Hargroves, David, Insall, Robert, Jones, Sally, Rudenko, Hannah, Schumacher, Natasha, Senaratne, Jawaharlal, Thomas, George, Thomson, Audrey, Webb, Tom, Brown, Ellen, Esisi, Bernard, Mehrzad, Ali, MacSweeney, Shane, McConachie, Norman, Southam, Alison, Sunman, Wayne, Abdul-Hamiq, Ahmed, Bryce, Jenny, Chetter, Ian, Ettles, Duncan, Lakshminarayan, Raghuram, Mitchelson, Kim, Rhymes, Christopher, Robinson, Graham, Scott, Paul, Vickers, Alison, Ashleigh, Ray, Butterfield, Stephen, Gamble, Ed, Ghosh, Jonathan, McCollum, Charles N, Welch, Mark, Welsh, Sarah, Wolowczyk, Leszek, Donnelly, Mary, D'Souza, Stephen, Egun, Anselm A, Gregary, Bindu, Joseph, Thomas, Kelly, Christine, Punekar, Shuja, Rahi, M Asad, Raj, Sonia, Seriki, Dare, Thomson, George, Brown, James, Durairajan, Ragunath, Grunwald, Iris, Guyler, Paul, Harman, Paula, Jakeways, Matthew, Khuoge, Christopher, Kundu, Ashish, Loganathan, Thayalini, Menon, Nisha, Prabakaran, Raji O, Sinha, Devesh, Thompson, Vicky, Tysoe, Sharon, Briley, Dennis, Darby, Chris, Hands, Linda, Howard, Dominic, Kuker, Wilhelm, Schulz, Ursula, Teal, Rachel, Barer, David, Brown, Andrew, Crawford, Susan, Dunlop, Paul, Krishnamurthy, Ramesh, Majmudar, Nikhil, Mitchell, Duncan, Myint, Min P, O'Brien, Richard, O'Connell, Janice, Sattar, Naweed, Vetrivel, Shanmugam, Beard, Jonathan, Cleveland, Trevor, Gaines, Peter, Humphreys, John, Jenkins, Alison, King, Craig, Kusuma, Daniel, Lindert, Ralph, Lonsdale, Robbie, Nair, Raj, Nawaz, Shah, Okhuoya, Faith, Turner, Douglas, Venables, Graham, Dorman, Paul, Hughes, Andrea, Jones, Deborah, Mendelow, David, Rodgers, Helen, Raudoniitis, Aidas, Enevoldson, Peter, Nahser, Hans, O'Brien, Imelda, Torella, Francesco, Watling, Dave, White, Richard, Brown, Pauline, Dutta, Dipankar, Emerson, Lorraine, Hilltout, Paula, Kulkarni, Sachin, Morrison, Jackie, Poskitt, Keith, Slim, Fiona, Smith, Sarah, Tyler, Amanda, Waldron, Joanne, Whyman, Mark, Bajoriene, Milda, Baker, Lucy, Colston, Amanda, Eliot-Jones, Bekky, Gramizadeh, Gita, Lewis-Clarke, Catherine, McCafferty, Laura, Oliver, Deborah, Palmer, Debbie, Patil, Abhijeet, Pegler, Suzannah, Ramadurai, Gopi, Roberts, Aisling, Sargent, Tracey, Siddegowda, Shivaprasad, Singh-Ranger, Ravi, Williams, Akintunde, Williams, Lucy, Windebank, Steve, Zuromskis, Tadas, Alwis, Lanka, Angus, Jane, Asokanathan, Asaipillai, Fornolles, Caroline, Hardy, Diana, Hunte, Sophy, Justin, Frances, Phiri, Duke, Mitabouana-Kibou, Marie, Sekaran, Lakshmanan, Sethuraman, Sakthivel, Tate, Margaret L, Akyea-Mensah, Joyce, Ball, Stephen, Chrisopoulou, Angela, Keene, Elizabeth, Phair, Alison, Rogers, Steven, Smyth, John V, Bicknell, Colin, Chataway, Jeremy, Cheshire, Nicholas, Clifton, Andrew, Eley, Caroline, Gibbs, Richard, Hamady, Mohammad, Hazel, Beth, James, Alex, Jenkins, Michael, Khanom, Nyma, Lacey, Austin, Mireskandari, Maz, O'Reilly, Joanna, Pereira, Antony, Sachs, Tina, Wolfe, John, Davey, Philip, Rogers, Gill, Smith, Gemma, Tervit, Gareth, Nichol, Ian, Parry, Andrew, Young, Gavin, Ashley, Simon, Barwell, James, Dix, Francis, Nor, Azlisham M, Parry, Chris, Birt, Angela, Davies, Paul, George, Jim, Graham, Anne, Jonker, Leon, Kelsall, Nicci, Potts, Caroline, Wilson, Toni, Crinnion, Jamie, Cuenoud, Larissa, Aleksic, Nikola, Babic, Srdan, Ilijevski, Nenad, Radak, Đorde, Sagic, Dragan, Tanaskovic, Slobodan, Colic, Momcilo, Cvetic, Vladimir, Davidovic, Lazar, Jovanovic, Dejana R, Koncar, Igor, Mutavdžic, Perica, Sladojevic, Miloš, Tomic, Ivan, Debus, Eike S, Grzyska, Ulrich, Otto, Dagmar, Thomalla, Götz, Barlinn, Jessica, Gerber, Johannes, Haase, Kathrin, Hartmann, Christian, Ludwig, Stefan, Pütz, Volker, Reeps, Christian, Schmidt, Christine, Weiss, Norbert, Werth, Sebastian, Winzer, Simon, Gemper, Janine, Günther, Albrecht, Heiling, Bianka, Jochmann, Elisabeth, Karvouniari, Panagiota, Klingner, Carsten, Mayer, Thomas, Schubert, Julia, Schulze-Hartung, Friederike, Zanow, Jürgen, Bausback, Yvonne, Borger, Franka, Botsios, Spiridon, Branzan, Daniela, Bräunlich, Sven, Hölzer, Henryk, Lenzer, Janin, Piorkowski, Christopher, Richter, Nadine, Schuster, Johannes, Scheinert, Dierk, Schmidt, Andrej, Staab, Holger, Ulrich, Matthias, Werner, Martin, Berger, Hermann, Biró, Gábor, Eckstein, Hans-Henning, Kallmayer, Michael, Kreiser, Kornelia, Zimmermann, Alexander, Berekoven, Bärbel, Frerker, Klaus, Gordon, Vera, Torsello, Giovanni, Arnold, Sebastian, Dienel, Cora, Storck, Martin, Biermaier, Bernhard, Gissler, Hans Martin, Klötzsch, Christof, Pfeiffer, Tomas, Schneider, Ralph, Söhl, Leander, Wennrich, Michael, Alonso, Angelika, Keese, Michael, Groden, Christoph, Cöster, Andreas, Engelhardt, Andreas, Ratusinski, Christoph-Maria, Berg, Bengt, Delle, Martin, Formgren, Johan, Gillgren, Peter, Jarl, Lotta, Kall, Torbjörn B, Konrad, Peter, Nyman, Niklas, Skiöldebrand, Claes, Steuer, Johnny, Takolander, Rabbe, Malmstedt, Jonas, Acosta, Stefan, Björses, Katarina, Brandt, Kerstin, Dias, Nuno, Gottsäter, Anders, Holst, Jan, Kristmundsson, Thorarinn, Kühme, Tobias, Kölbel, Tilo, Lindblad, Bengt, Lindh, Mats, Malina, Martin, Ohrlander, Tomas, Resch, Tim, Rönnle, Viola, Sonesson, Björn, Warvsten, Margareta, Zdanowski, Zbigniew, Campbell, Erik, Kjellin, Per, Lindgren, Hans, Nyberg, Johan, Petersen, Björn, Plate, Gunnar, Pärsson, Håkan, Qvarfordt, Peter, Ignatenko, Pavel, Karpenko, Andrey, Starodubtsev, Vladimir, Chernyavsky, Mikhail A, Golovkova, Maria S, Komakha, Boris B, Zherdev, Nikolay N, Belyasnik, Andrey, Chechulov, Pavel, Kandyba, Dmitry, Stepanishchev, Igor, Csobay-Novák, Csaba, Dósa, Edit, Entz, László, Nemes, Balázs, Szeberin, Zoltán, Barzó, Pál, Bodosi, Mihaly, Fákó, Eniko, Fülöp, Béla, Németh, Tamás, Pazdernyik, Szilárd, Skoba, Krisztina, Vörös, Erika, Chatzinikou, Eleni, Giannoukas, Athanasios, Karathanos, Christos, Koutsias, Stylianos, Kouvelos, Georgios, Matsagkas, Miltiadis, Ralli, Styliani, Rountas, Christos, Rousas, Nikolaos, Spanos, Konstantinos, Brountzos, Elias, Kakisis, John D, Lazaris, Andreas, Moulakakis, Konstantinos G, Stefanis, Leonidas, Tsivgoulis, Georgios, Vasdekis, Spyros, Antonopoulos, Constantine N, Bellenis, Ion, Maras, Dimitrios, Polydorou, Antonios, Polydorou, Victoria, Tavernarakis, Antonios, Ioannou, Nikolaos, Terzoudi, Maria, Lazarides, Miltos, Mantatzis, Michalis, Vadikolias, Kostas, Dzieciuchowicz, Lukasz, Gabriel, Marcin, Krasinski, Zbigniew, Oszkinis, Grzegorz, Pukacki, Fryderyk, Slowinski, Maciej, Stanišic, Michal-Goran, Staniszewski, Ryszard, Tomczak, Jolanta, Zielinski, Maciej, Myrcha, Piotr, Rózanski, Dorota, Drelichowski, Stanislaw, Iwanowski, Wojciech, Koncewicz, Katarzyna, Bialek, Pawel, Biejat, Zbigniew, Czepel, Wojciech, Czlonkowska, Anna, Dowzenko, Anatol, Jedrzejewska, Julia, Kobayashi, Adam, Leszczynski, Jerzy, Malek, Andrzej, Polanski, Jerzy, Proczka, Robert, Skorski, Maciej, Szostek, Mieczyslaw, Andziak, Piotr, Dratwicki, Maciej, Gil, Robert, Nowicki, Miroslaw, Pniewski, Jaroslaw, Rzezak, Jaroslaw, Seweryniak, Piotr, Dabek, Pawel, Juszynski, Michal, Madycki, Grzegorz, Pacewski, Bartosz, Raciborski, Witold, Slowinski, Piotr, Staszkiewicz, Walerian, Bombic, Martin, Chlouba, Vladimír, Fiedler, Jirí, Hes, Karel, Koštál, Petr, Sova, Jindrich, Kríž, Zdenek, Prívara, Mojmír, Reif, Michal, Staffa, Robert, Vlachovský, Robert, Vojtíšek, Bohuslav, Hrbác, Tomáš, Kuliha, Martin, Procházka, Václav, Roubec, Martin, Školoudík, David, Netuka, David, Šteklácová, Anna, Beneš III, Vladimír, Buchvald, Pavel, Endrych, Ladislav, Šercl, Miroslav, Campos Jr, Walter, Casella, Ivan B, de Luccia, Nelson, Estenssoro, André E V, Presti, Calógero, Puech-Leão, Pedro, Neves, Celso R B, da Silva, Erasmo S, Sitrângulo Jr, Cid J, Monteiro, José A T, Tinone, Gisela, Bellini Dalio, Marcelo, Joviliano, Edwaldo E, Pontes Neto, Octávio M, Serra Ribeiro, Mauricio, Cras, Patrick, Hendriks, Jeroen M H, Hoppenbrouwers, Mieke, Lauwers, Patrick, Loos, Caroline, Yperzeele, Laetitia, Geenens, Mia, Hemelsoet, Dimitri, van Herzeele, Isabelle, Vermassen, Frank, Astarci, Parla, Hammer, Frank, Lacroix, Valérie, Peeters, André, Verhelst, Robert, Cirelli, Silvana, Dormal, Pol, Grimonprez, Annelies, Lambrecht, Bart, Lerut, Philipe, Thues, Eddy, De Koster, Guy, Desiron, Quentin, Maertens de Noordhout, Alain, Malmendier, Danielle, Massoz, Mireille, Saad, Georges, Bosiers, Marc, Callaert, Joren, Deloose, Koen, Blanco Cañibano, Estrella, García Fresnillo, Beatriz, Guerra Requena, Mercedes, Morata Barrado, Pilar C, Muela Méndez, Miguel, Yusta Izquierdo, Antonio, Aparici Robles, Fernando, Blanes Orti, Paula, García Dominguez, Luis, Martínez López, Rafael, Miralles Hernández, Manuel, Tembl Ferrairo, José I, Chamorro, Ángel, Macho, Juan, Obach, Víctor, Riambau, Vincent, San Román, Luis, Ahlhelm, Frank J, Blackham, Kristine, Engelter, Stefan, Eugster, Thomas, Gensicke, Henrik, Gürke, Lorenz, Lyrer, Philippe, Mariani, Luigi, Maurer, Marina, Mujagic, Edin, Müller, Mandy, Psychogios, Marios, Stierli, Peter, Stippich, Christoph, Traenka, Christopher, Wolff, Thomas, Wagner, Benjamin, Wiegert, Martina M, Clarke, Sandra, Diepers, Michael, Gröchenig, Ernst, Gruber, Philipp, Isaak, Andrej, Kahles, Timo, Marti, Regula, Nedeltchev, Krassen, Remonda, Luca, Tissira, Nadir, Valença Falcão, Martina, de Borst, Gert J, Lo, Rob H, Moll, Frans L, Toorop, Raechel, van der Worp, Bart H, Vonken, Evert J, Kappelle, Jaap L, Jahrome, Ommid, Vos, Floris, Schuiling, Wouter, van Overhagen, Hendrik, Keunen, Rudolf W M, Knippenberg, Bob, Wever, Jan J, Lardenoije, Jan W, Reijnen, Michel, Smeets, Luuk, van Sterkenburg, Steven, Fraedrich, Gustav, Gizewski, Elke, Gruber, Ingrid, Knoflach, Michael, Kiechl, Stefan, Rantner, Barbara, Abdulamit, Timur, Bergeron, Patrice, Padovani, Raymond, Trastour, Jean-Christophe, Cardon, Jean-Marie, Le Gallou-Wittenberg, Anne, Allaire, Eric, Becquemin, Jean-Pierre, Cochennec-Paliwoda, Frédéric, Desgranges, Pascal, Hosseini, Hassan, Kobeiter, Hicham, Marzelle, Jean, Almekhlafi, Mohammed A, Bal, Simerpreet, Barber, Phillip A, Coutts, Shelagh B, Demchuk, Andrew M, Eesa, Muneer, Gillies, Michelle, Goyal, Mayank, Hill, Michael D, Hudon, Mark E, Jambula, Anitha, Kenney, Carol, Klein, Gary, McClelland, Marie, Mitha, Alim, Menon, Bijoy K, Morrish, William F, Peters, Steven, Ryckborst, Karla J, Samis, Greg, Save, Supriya, Smith, Eric E, Stys, Peter, Subramaniam, Suresh, Sutherland, Garnette R, Watson, Tim, Wong, John H, Zimmel, L, Flis, Vojko, Matela, Jože, Miksic, Kazimir, Milotic, Franko, Mrdja, Božidar, Stirn, Barbara, Tetickovic, Erih, Gasparini, Mladen, Grad, Anton, Kompara, Ingrid, Miloševic, Zoren, Palmiste, Veronika, Toomsoo, Toomas, Aidashova, Balzhan, Kospanov, Nursultan, Lyssenko, Roman, Mussagaliev, Daulet, Beyar, Rafi, Hoffman, Aaron, Karram, Tony, Kerner, Arthur, Nikolsky, Eugenia, Nitecki, Samy, Andonova, Silva, Bachvarov, Chavdar, Petrov, Vesko, Cvjetko, Ivan, Vidjak, Vinko, Halužan, Damir, Petrunic, Mladen, Liu, Bao, Liu, Chang-Wei, Bartko, Daniel, Beno, Peter, Rusnák, František, Zelenák, Kamil, Ezura, Masayuki, Inoue, Takashi, Kimura, Naoto, Kondo, Ryushi, Matsumoto, Yasushi, Shimizu, Hiroaki, Endo, Hidenori, Furui, Eisuke, Bakke, Søren, Krohg-Sørensen, Kristen, Nome, Terje, Skjelland, Mona, Tennøe, Bjørn, Albuquerque e Castro, João, Alves, Gonçalo, Bastos Gonçalves, Frederico, de Aragão Morais, José, Garcia, Ana C, Valentim, Hugo, Vasconcelos, Leonor, Belcastro, Fernando, Cura, Fernando, Zaefferer, Patricio, Abd-Allah, Foad, Eldessoki, Mohamed H, Heshmat Kassem, Hussein, Soliman Gharieb, Haytham, Colgan, Mary P, Haider, Syed N, Harbison, Joe, Madhavan, Prakash, Moore, Dermot, Shanik, Gregor, Kazan, Viviane, Nazzal, Munier, and Ramsey-Williams, Vicki

Published
2021
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10. Sports officials and parents as spectators: Diffusing tensions on the sidelines.

Author

Webb, Tom and Knight, Camilla J.

Subjects
*SPORTS psychology, *INTELLECT, *CONVERSATION, *INVECTIVE, *ANXIETY, *EMOTIONS, *BEHAVIOR, *PARENT attitudes, *AGGRESSION (Psychology), *SPORTS events, *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress, *PSYCHOLOGY of parents, *INTERPERSONAL relations, *ATHLETIC associations
Abstract

Youth sport competitions are often emotionally charged events, with children, parents, coaches, and officials reporting emotions ranging from anxiety and stress through to enjoyment because of their involvement. One of the sources for the negative emotions and experiences associated with youth sport is the behaviors displayed by spectators on the sidelines. Typically, in youth sport events, these spectators are the parents of the children involved in the competition. Recognizing the detrimental consequences that arise for children when parents are inappropriately or negatively involved on the sidelines, sport psychology researchers and practitioners have increasingly targeted interventions at improving parents' involvement in competitions. Although such interventions are valuable and important for improving children's youth sport experiences, their focus is typically exclusively upon the interactions and relationships between parents and their children. However, negative behaviors from parents on the sidelines can also impact others in the environment, particularly sports officials who report abuse and aggression from the sidelines as one of the primary reasons for leaving their roles. As officiating numbers decline, sporting organizations are considering how to best tackle these attrition rates and one area that may be worthy of consideration is the interaction between parents and officials. To-date, limited consideration has been given to the bi-directional interactions between parents and officials or to steps that could be taken to improve interactions. To this end, the purpose of this commentary is to increase awareness, initiate conversations, stimulate research, and enhance applied practice targeting the interactions between officials and parents in youth sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Author

Baigent, Colin, Lasserson, Daniel, Sullivan, Frank, Carrie, Johanna, Rojas, Javier, Amoils, Shannon, Bamford, John, Armitage, Jane, Rinkel, Gabriel, Lowe, Gordon, Emberson, Jonathan, Innes, Karen, Dinsmore, Lynn, Drever, Jonathan, Williams, Carol, Perry, David, McGill, Connor, Buchanan, David, Walker, Allan, Hutchison, Aidan, Matthews, Christopher, Fraser, Ruth, McGrath, Aileen, Deary, Ann, Anderson, Rosemary, Walker, Pauli, Hansen, Christian, Parker, Richard, Rodriguez, Aryelly, Macleod, Malcolm, Gattringer, Thomas, Palmer, Jeb, Sakka, Eleni, Adil-Smith, Jennifer, Minks, David, Mitra, Dipayan, Bhatnagar, Priya, du Plessis, Johannes, Joshi, Yogish, Lerpiniere, Christine, O'Brien, Richard, Burgess, Seona, Mead, Gillian, Paulton, Ruth, Doubal, Fergus, McCormick, Katrina, Hunter, Neil, Taylor, Pat, Parakramawansha, Ruwan, Perry, Jack, Blair, Gordon, MacRaild, Allan, Parry-Jones, Adrian, Johnes, Mary, Lee, Stephanie, Shaw, Kelly Marie, Burger, Ilse, Punter, Martin, Ingham, Andrea, Perez, Jane, Naing, Zin, Morell, Jordi, Marsden, Tracy, Hall, Andrea, Marshall, Sally, Harrison, Louise, Jarapa, Rowilson, Wood, Edith, O'Loughlin, Victoria, Cohen, David, Davies, Silvie, Njoku, Kelechi, Mpelembue, Mushiya, Burgess, Laura, Licenik, Radim, Ngwako, Mmua, Nisar, Nabeela, Niranchanan, Rangah, Roganova, Tatjana, Bathula, Rajaram, Devine, Joseph, David, Anette, Oshodi, Anne, Guo, Fenglin, Owoyele, Emmanuelle, Sukdeo, Varthi, Ballantine, Robert, Abbdul-saheb, Mudhar, Chamberlain, Angela, Chandrakumar, Aberami, Poku, Philip, Harkness, Kirsty, Blank, Catrin, Richards, Emma, Ali, Ali, Kibutu, Faith, Balitska, Olesia, Birchall, Kathryn, Bayliss, Pauline, Doyle, Clare, Stocks, Kathy, Majis, Arshad, Howe, Jo, Kamara, Christine, Barron, Luke, Maatouk, Ahmad, Lindert, Ralf, Dakin, Katy, Redgrave, Jessica, Bhaskaran, Biju, Salih, Isam, Kelly, Debs, Szabo, Susan, Tomlin, Dawn, Bearne, Helen, Buxton, Jean, Fitzell, Pauline, Ayres, Georgina, Saulat, Afaq, Horan, Kathleen, Garfield-Smith, Joanne, Bhakri, Harbens, Guyler, Paul, Sinha, Devesh, Loganathan, Thayalini, Siddiqui, Amber, Siddiqui, Anwer, Coward, Lucy, Kunhunny, Swapna, Tysoe, Sharon, Orath Prabakaran, Rajalakshmi, Kelavkar, Shyam, Rashmi, Sindhu, Ngo, David, Ng, Kheng Xiong, Menon, Nisha, Shah, Sweni, Barber, Mark, Esson, Derek, Brodie, Fiona, Anjum, Talat, Wani, Mushtaq, Krishnan, Manju, Quinn, Leanne, Spencer, Jayne, Jones, Terry, Thompson-Jones, Helen, Dacey, Lynne, Chenna, Srikanth, Storton, Sharon, Thomas, Sarah, Beaty, Teresa, Treadwell, Shelley, Davies, Caroline, Tucker, Susan, Connor, Lynda, Slade, Peter, Gainard, Glyn, Muddegowda, Girish, Sanyal, Ranjan, Remegoso, Alda, Abano, Nenette, Causley, Chelsea, Carpio, Racquel, Stevens, Stephanie, Butler, Adrian, Varquez, Resti, Denic, Hayley, Alipio, Francis, Moores, Andrew, Barry, Adrian, Maguire, Holly, Grocott, Jeanette, Finney, Kay, Lyjko, Sue, Roffe, Christine, Hiden, Joanne, Ferdinand, Phillip, Cvoro, Vera, Ullah, Khalil, Chapman, Nicola, Couser, Mandy, Pound, Susan, Mcauley, Sean, Raghunathan, Senthil, Shelton, Faye, Hedstrom, Amanda, Godfrey, Margi, Havard, Diane, Buck, Amanda, Krishnan, Kailash, Gilzeane, Nicola, Roffe, Jack, Clarke, Judith, Whittamore, Katherine, Sheikh, Saima, Sprigg, Nikola, Keshvara, Rekha, Jordan, Carla, Jackson, Benjamin, Wilkes, Gwendoline, Appleton, Jason, Law, Zhe, Matias, Oliver, Vasileiadis, Evangelos, Mason, Cathy, Parry, Anthea, Landers, Geraldine, Holden, Melinda, Aweid, Basaam, Rashed, Khalid, Balian, Linda, Vickers, Carinna, Keeling, Elizabeth, Board, Sarah, Allison, Joanna, Buckley, Clare, Williams-Yesson, Barbara, Board, Joanne, Pitt-Kerby, Tressy, Tanate, Alfonso, Wood, Diane, Kini, Manohar, Chadha, Dinesh, Walstow, Deborah, Fong, Rosanna, Luder, Robert, Adesina, Tolu, Gallagher, Jill, Bridger, Hayley, Murali, Elodie, Bhargava, Maneesh, van Someren, Chloe, Harrington, Frances, Mate, Abhijit, James, Ali, Courtauld, Gillian, Schofield, Christine, Adie, Katja, Lucas, Linda, Bond, Kirsty, Maund, Bev, Ellis, Sam, Mudd, Paul, James, Martin, Keenan, Samantha, Bowring, Angela, Cageao, Julie, Kingwell, Hayley, Roughan, Caroline, Hemsley, Anthony, Sword, Jane, Strain, David, Miller, Keniesha, Goff, Anita, Gupwell, Karin, Thorpe, Kevin, Emsley, Hedley, Punekar, Shuja, McLoughlin, Alison, Sultan, Sulaiman, Gregory, Bindu, Raj, Sonia, Doyle, Donna, Muir, Keith, Smith, Wilma, Welch, Angela, Moreton, Fiona, Cheripelli, Bharath Kumar, El Tawil, Salwa, Kalladka, Dheeraj, Huang, Xuya, Day, Nicola, Ramachandran, Sankaranarayanan, Crosbie, Caroline, Elliot, Jennifer, Rudd, Tony, Marks, Katherine, Bhalla, Ajay, Birns, Jonathan, Kullane, Sagal, Weir, Nic, Allen, Christopher, Pressly, Vanessa, Crawford, Pam, Battersby-Wood, Emma, Blades, Alex, Egerton, Shuna, Walters, Ashleigh, Evans, Sue, Marigold, James Richard, Smith, Fiona, Howard, Gabriella, Gartrell, Imogen, Smith, Simon, Creeden, Robyn, Cox, Chloe, Boxall, Cherish, Hewitt, Jonathan, Nott, Claire, Sarah, Procter, Whiteman, Jessica, Buckle, Steve, Wallace, Rebecca, Mardania, Rina, Gray, Jane, Triscott, Claire, Nair, Anand, Greig, Jill, Rana, Pratap, Robinson, Matthew, Alam, Mohammad Irfan, Werring, David, Wilson, Duncan, Watchurst, Caroline, Brezitski, Maria, Crook, Luci, Jones, Ifan, Banaras, Azra, Patel, Krishna, Erande, Renuka, Hogan, Caroline, Hostettler, Isabel, Ashton, Amy, Feerick, Shez, Francia, Nina, Oji, Nnebuife, Elliott, Emma, Al-Mayhani, Talal, Dennis, Martin, Sudlow, Cathie, Whiteley, William, Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam, Dutta, Dipankar, Brown, Pauline, Ward, Deborah, Davis, Fiona, Turfrey, Jennifer, Hughes, Chloe, Collins, Kayleigh, Bakawala, Rehana, O'Connell, Susan, Glass, Jon, Broughton, David, Tryambake, Dinesh, Dixon, Lynn, Chapman, Kath, Young, Andrew, Bergin, Adrian, Sigsworth, Andrew, Manoj, Aravind, Fletcher, Glyn, Lopez, Paula, Cox, Penelope, Wilkinson, Mark, Fitzsimmons, Paul, Sharma, Nikhil, Choulerton, James, Button, Denise, Dow, Lindsey, Gbadamoshi, Lukuman, Avis, Joanne, Madigan, Barbara, McCann, Stephanie, Shaw, Louise, Howcroft, Deborah, Lucas, Suzanne, Stone, Andrew, Cluckie, Gillian, Lovelock, Caroline, Clarke, Brian, Chopra, Neha, Clarke, Natasha, Patel, Bhavini, Kennedy, Kate, Williams, Rebecca, Blight, Adrian, O'Reilly, Joanna, Orefo, Chukwuka, Dayal, Nilofer, Ghatala, Rita, Adedoyin, Temi, Watson, Fran, Trippier, Sarah, Choy, Lillian, Moynihan, Barry, Khan, Usman, Jones, Val, Jeyaraj, Naomi, Kerin, Lourda, Thavanesan, Kamy, Tiwari, Divya, Cox, Chantel, Ljubez, Anja, Tucker, Laura, Iqbal, Arshi, Bagnall, Caroline, Keltos, Marketa, Roberts, Josh, Jupp, Becky, Ovington, Catherine, Rogers, Emily, David, Owen, Bell, Jo, Longland, Barbara, Hann, Gail, Cooper, Martin, Nasar, Mohammad, Rajapakse, Anoja, Wynter, Inez, Anwar, Ijaz, Skinner, Helen, Nozedar, Tarn, McArdle, Damian, Kumar, Balakrishna, Crawford, Susan, Annamalai, Arunkumar, Ramshaw, Alex, Holmes, Clare, Caine, Sarah, Osborn, Mairead, Dodd, Emily, Murphy, Peter, Devitt, Nicola, Baker, Pauline, Steele, Amy, Guthrie, Lucy Belle, Clarke, Samantha, Hassan, Ahamad, Waugh, Dean, Veraque, Emelda, Makawa, Linetty, Kambafwile, Mary, Randall, Marc, Papavasileiou, Vasileios, Cullen, Claire, Peters, Jenny, Thant, Hlaing, Ingram, Tanya, Zoe, Mellor, Durairaj, Ramesh, Harrison, Melanie, Stevenson, Sarah, Shackcloth, Daniela, Ewing, Jordan, Sutton, Victoria, McCarron, Mark, McKee, Jacqueline, Doherty, Mandy, McVerry, Ferghal, Blair, Caroline, MacLeod, Mary, Irvine, Janice, Gow, Heather, Furnace, Jacqueline, Joyson, Anu, Jagpal, Baljit, Ross, Sarah, Klaasen, Katrina, Nelson, Sandra, Clarke, Rebecca, Crouch, Nichola, MacLennan, Beverly, Taylor, Vicky, Epstein, Daniel, Shukla, Avani, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Nicholas, Paul, Qureshi, Sammie, Webber, Adam, Penge, Justin, Ramadan, Hawraman, Maguire, Stuart, Patterson, Chris, Bellfield, Ruth, Hairsine, Brigid, Stewart, Kelvin, Hooley, Michaela, Quinn, Outi, Richard, Bella, Moseley, Sally, Edwards, Mandy, Lawson, Heidi, Tayler, Michelle, Pai, Yogish, Dhakal, Mahesh, Esisi, Bernard, Dima, Sofia, Smith, Gemma Marie, Garside, Mark, Naeem, Muhammad, Baliga, Vidya, Rogers, Gill, Brown, Ellen, Bruce, David, Hayman, Rachel, Clayton, Susan, Gamble, Ed, Grue, Rebecca, Charles, Bethan, Hague, Adam, Blane, Sujata, Lambert, Caroline, Chaudhry, Afnan, Harrison, Thomas, Saastamoinen, Kari, Hove, Dionne, Howaniec, Laura, Grimwood, Gemma, Redjep, Ozlem, Humphries, Fiona, Argandona, Lucia, Cuenoud, Larissa, Erumere, Esther, Amlani, Sageet, Auld, Grace, Salek-Haddadi, Afraim, Schulz, Ursula, Kennedy, James, Ford, Gary, Mathieson, Philip, Reckless, Ian, Teal, Rachel, Lenti, Giulia, Harston, George, O'Brien, Eoin, Mcgee, Joanne, Mitchell, Jennifer, Amis, Elaine, Handley, Dominic, Kelly, Siobhan, Zachariah, George, Francis, Jobbin, Crisp, Sarah, Sesay, Juliana, Finlay, Sarah, Hayhoe, Helen, Hannon, Niamh, Hughes, Tom, Morse, Bethan, De Berker, Henry, Tallantyre, Emma, Osman, Ahmed, White, Susan, Schwarz, Stefan, Jelley, Benjamin, Yadava, Rajendra, Azhar, Khalid, Reddan, Julie, Sangombe, Mirriam, Stafford, Samantha, Fotherby, Ken, Morgan, Debbie, Baig, Farrukh, Jennings-Preece, Karla, Butler, Donna, Ahmad, Nasar, Willberry, Angela, Stevens, Angela, Rai, Baljinder, Siddegowda, Prasad, Howard, Peter, Hyatt, Lisa, Dobson, Tracey, Jarrett, David, Ponnambath, Suheil, Tandy, Jane, Harrington-Davies, Yasmin, Butler, Rebecca, James, Claire, Valentine, Stacey, Suttling, Anne, Langhorne, Peter, Kerr, Gillian, Wright, Fiona, Graham, Ruth, McAlpine, Christine, Iqbal, Mohammad Shahzad, Humphreys, Louise, Pasco, Kath, Balazikova, Olga, Nasim, Ashraf, Peixoto, Cassilda, Gallagher, Louise, Shahmehri, Shahrzad, Ghosh, Sandip, Barrie, Elizabeth, Gilmour, Danielle, Henry, Margo, Webb, Tom, Cowie, Linda, Rudenko, Hannah, McDonald, Shanni, Schumacher, Natasha, Walker, Susannah, Cosier, Tracey, Verrion, Anna, Beranova, Eva, Thomson, Audrey, Venter, Marius, Kar, Arindam, Mashate, Sheila, Harvey, Kirsten, Gardener, Léjeune, Nguyen, Vinh, Halse, Omid, Geraghty, Olivia, Hazel, Beth, Wilding, Peter, Tilley, Victoria, Cassidy, Tim, McClelland, Beverley, Bokhari, Maria, England, Timothy, Maddula, Mohana, Donnelly, Richard, Findlay, Paul, Macaden, Ashish, Shread, Ian, Barr, Charlotte, Mohd Nor, Azlisham, Brown, Claire, Persad, Nicola, Eglinton, Charlotte, Weinling, Marie, Hyams, Benjamin, Shah, Alex, Baker, John, Byrne, Anthony, McGhee, Caroline, Smart, Amanda, Copeland, Claire, Carpenter, Michael, Walker, Marion, Davey, Richard, Needle, Ann, Fathima, Razik, Bateman, Gavin, Datta, Prabal, Stanners, Andrew, Jackson, Linda, Ball, Julie, Davis, Michelle, Atkinson, Natalie, Fawcett, Michelle, Thompson, Teresa, Guy, Helen, Hogg, Valerie, Hays, Carole, Woodward, Stephen, Haque, Mohammad, Hakim, Eluzai, Symonds, Stuart, Maanoosi, Mehran, Herman, Jane, Black, Toby, Miriam, Skelton, Clarke, Caroline, Anthony, Alpha, Tribbeck, Michele, Cronin, Julie, Mead, Denise, Fennelly, Ruth, McIlmoyle, James, Dickinson, Christina, Jeffs, Carol, Anwar, Sajjad, Howard, Joanne, Jones, Kirsty, Dhar, Saikat, Clay, Caroline, Siddiq, Muhammad, Ivatts, Simone, Baird, Yolanda, Sally, Moore, Amey, Isobel, Newton, Sophie, Clayton-Evans, Lisa, Chadbourn, Indra, Rayessa, Rayessa, Naylor, Charde, Rodgers, Alicia, Wilson, Lisa, Wilson, Sarah, Clarkson, Emma, Davies, Ruth, Owings, Paula, Sangster, Graeme, Gott, Valerie, Little, Victoria, Weir, Pauline, Cherian, Suja, Jose, Deepa, Moroney, Helen, Downham, Susan, Dodd, Angela, Vettimootal Johnson, Venetia, Codd, Laura, Robinson, Naomi, Ahmed, Ashraf, Albazzaz, Mo, Johnson, Sharon, Denniss, Carol, Cunningham, Mishell, Zahoor, Tajammal, Webster, Timothy, Leason, Sandra, Haider, Syed, Chatterjee, Kausic, Nallasivan, Arumugam, Perkins, Charlotte, Seagrave, Samantha, Jenkins, Colin, Price, Fiona, Hughes, Claire, Mercer, Lily, Hussain, Malik, Brown, Sarah, Harvey, Miriam, Homan, Jane, Khan, Mohammad, Whiting, Robert, Foote, Leanne, Hunt, Nicholas, Durman, Helen, Brotherton, Lucy, Foot, Jayne, Pawley, Corinne, Foster, Eliza, Whitcher, Alison, Metcalf, Kneale, Jagger, Jenny, McDonald, Susan, Waterfield, Kelly, Sutton, Patrick, Shinh, Naval, Anversha, Ajmal, Ravenhill, Garth, Greenwood, Richard, Saada, Janak, Wiltshire, Alison, Perfitt, Rebekah, Andole, Sreeman, Gadapa, Naveen, Dunne, Karen, Krommyda, Magdalini, Burssens, Evelyne, King, Sam, Plewa, Catherine, Smyth, Nigel, Wilson, Jenny, Giallombardo, Elio, Sykes, Lucy, Kumar, Pradeep, Barker, James, Huggett, Isabel, Dunn, Linda, Culmsee, Charlotte, Thomas, Philip, Myint, Min, Brew, Helen, Majmudar, Nikhil, OConnell, Janice, Bunea, George, Fox, Charlotte, Gulliver, Diane, Smith, Andrew, Mokoena, Betty, Sattar, Naweed, Krishnamurthy, Ramesh, Osborne, Emily, Wilson, David, Wroath, Belinda, Dynan, Kevin, Power, Michael, Thompson, Susan, Adell, Victoria, Orugun, Enoch, Poultney, Una, Glover, Rachel, Crowther, Hannah, Thornthwaite, Sarah, Wiggam, Ivan, Wallace, Aine, Kerr, Enda, Fulton, Ailsa, Hunter, Annemarie, Tauro, Suzanne, Cuddy, Sarah, Mangion, David, Hardwick, Anne, Markova, Skarlet, Lawrence, Tara, Constantin, Carmen, Fletcher, Jo, Thomas, Isobel, Pettitt, Kerry, Sekaran, Lakshmanan, Tate, Margaret, Bharaj, Kiranjit, Simon, Rohan, Justin, Frances, Sethuraman, Sakthivel, Phiri, Duke, Mohammed, Niaz, Chauhan, Meena, Elfandi, Khaled, Khan, Uzma, Eveson, David, Mistri, Amit, Manning, Lisa, Khan, Shagufta, Patel, Champa, Moqsith, Mohammed, Sattar, Saira, Lam, Man Yee, Musarrat, Kashif, Stephens, Claire, Kalathil, Latheef, Miller, Richard, Salehin, Maqsud, Gautam, Nikki, Bailey, Duncan, Amor, Kelly, Meir, Julie, Nicolson, Anne, Imam, Javed, Wood, Lisa, White, Julie, Sajid, Mahmud, Ghaly, George, Ball, Margaret, Gascoyne, Rachel, Proeschel, Harald, Sharpe, Simon, Horton, Sarah, Beaves, Emily, Jones, Stephanie, Yip, Brigitte, Bell, Murdina, MacLiver, Linda, MacInnes, Brian, Sims, Don, Hurley, Jennifer, Willmot, Mark, Sutton, Claire, Littleton, Edward, Maiden, Susan, Jones, Rachael, Cunningham, James, Green, Carole, Bates, Michelle, Shekhar, Raj, Gilham, Ellie, Ahmed, Iman, Crown, Rachel, Fuller, Tracy, Goorah, Neetish, Bell, Angela, Kelly, Christine, Singh, Arun, Walford, Jamie, Tomlinson, Benjamin, Patel, Farzana, Duberley, Stephen, Kane, Ingrid, Rajkumar, Chakravarthi, Gaylard, Jane, Breeds, Joanna, Gainsborough, Nicola, Pitt-Ford, Alexandra, Barbon, Emma, Latter, Laura, Thompson, Philip, Hervey, Simon, Krishnamoorthy, Shrivakumar, Vassallo, Joseph, Walter, Deborah, Cochrane, Helen, Srinivasan, Meena, Campbell, Robert, Donaldson, Denise, Motherwell, Nichola, Hurford, Frances, Mukherjee, Indranil, Kenton, Antony, Nyabadza, Sheila, Martin, Irene, Hunt, Benjamin, Hassan, Hardi, O'Toole, Sarah, Dallol, Bander, Putterill, Janet, Jha, Ratneshwari, Gallifent, Rachel, Kakar, Puneet, Pusalkar, Aparna, Chan, kelly, Dangri, Puneet, Beadle, Hannah, Cook, Angela, Crabtree, Karen, Subramonian, Santhosh, Owusu-Agyei, Peter, Temple, Natalie, Butterworth-Cowin, Nicola, Ragab, Suzanne, Knops, Kerstin, Jinks, Emma, Dickson, Christine, Gleave, Laura, Dube, Judith, Leggett, Jacqui, Garcia, Tatiana, Ispoglou, Sissy, Evans, Rachel, Ankolekar, Sandeep, Hayes, Anne, Ni, Hlaing, Rahman, Bithi, Milligan, Josette, Graham, Carol, Jose, Josin, Keegan, Breffni, Kelly, Jim, Dewar, Richard, White, James, Thomas, Kelly, Minks, David P, Rodrigues, Mark A, du Plessis, Johann C, Dennis, Martin S, Murray, Gordon D, Newby, David E, Sandercock, Peter A G, Stephen, Jacqueline, Sudlow, Cathie L M, Werring, David J, Whiteley, William N, Wardlaw, Joanna M, and White, Philip M

Published
2019
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15. The video assistant referee in football.

Author

Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A., Nazarovets, Serhii, Carboch, Jan, Deutscher, Christian, Almeida, Carlos Humberto, Webb, Tom, and Scelles, Nicolas

Subjects
SOCCER, INTERNATIONAL competition, ENGLISH literature, TRUST
Abstract

The video assistant referee (VAR), popularized in football (soccer), has been decisive in many games played in several international and domestic competitions ever since the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) formalized its use for the first time in the 2018 Men's Football World Cup. Serving as a support tool for on-field referees, it is not only a game unifier but also a conflict pacifier by using a technology-based method to objectively appreciate whether human decisions were accurate and fair or erroneous and thus in need of correction. Given the overwhelming support evidenced by its broad adoption, but also some criticisms and concerns about this technology, an objective assessment of the growing literature on VAR is timely to take stock of what is known and what is still unknown about its use and perception. Using primarily indexed English literature from 2018 to 2024, this narrative review aims to gauge four main talking points related to VAR, including, but not limited to, the technology used, why VAR is perceived as controversial, and its perception in a socio-cultural context. This review underscores the positive perception of referees towards VAR, highlighting improved decision accuracy and minimal match disruption. Fans and media express trust in VAR, but call for refinements. Concerns about in-stadium communication with spectators suggest a need for enhanced decision transparency. We also acknowledge limitations, including language bias, literature (un)availability and sex-based disparities, while proposing future research avenues. Overall, VAR has become integral to football, shaping its officiating landscape, and inviting continuous improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Referee Abuse, Intention to Quit, and Well-Being.

Author

Downward, Paul, Webb, Tom, and Dawson, Peter

Subjects
*SOCCER referees, *WELL-being, *PHYSICAL abuse, *SPORTS officials, *SOCCER
Abstract

There are growing levels of abuse toward match officials in sport as well as general problems of their recruitment and retention. Purpose: This study analyzes the role that physical and nonphysical abuse has on association football referees' intentions to quit and their personal well-being. Methods: Drawing on pooled survey data of association football referees from the UK and Canada, this paper employs probit, ordinary least squares, and treatment effects regression analyses to explore the casual relationship between the physical and nonphysical abuse faced by referees, their intention to quit and their well-being. Results: Although physical abuse is less common than nonphysical abuse both affect the intention to quit and well-being of officials. Moreover, those that do not contemplate quitting also face reductions in their well-being. Conclusion: The research recommends a zero-tolerance approach to all forms of abuse of officials in sport and identifies that organizations have a duty of care for the well-being of their officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Human resource retention in sport: The impact of self-reflective job titles on job burnout and security.

Author

Loghmani, Mohsen, Cuskelly, Graham, and Webb, Tom

Subjects
JOB security, TEACHER burnout, JOB titles, SCHOOL sports, PROFESSIONAL sports, PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout, PERSONAL trainers
Abstract

Despite some management practices that have been identified in the field of human resource retention (HRR) in sport, little is known about the individual practices, especially selecting self-reflective job titles (S-RJTs), and their impact on HRR reflectors. To fill this gap, this study presents retention guidelines by considering the effect of S-RJTs on job burnout and security, through the use of a HRR framework. Using a quasi-experimental design, one hundred eighty paid sport staff (school sport team coaches, public fitness trainers, local sport team coaches, and recreational department employees) working in the sport organizations located at remote areas were randomly assigned to experiment (n = 92) and control (n = 88) groups. The participants were asked to respond to the job burnout and job security questionnaires in Time 1 (at the beginning of the study) and Time 2 (five weeks later). Results indicated that those professional paid sport staff creating S-RJTs reported less emotional exhaustion and more feelings of job security and continuity over a five-week period, whilst depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment did not change. Referring to individual manipulation, S-RJTs can thus be considered as an effective instrument of HRR in sport, but there may be different types of S-RJTs, which need to be triangulated with the nature of the job title, the mission of the organization, and a person's personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Match officials and abuse: a systematic review.

Author

Mojtahedi, Dara, Webb, Tom, Leadley, Chelsea B., and Jones, Matthew

Subjects
SPORTS administration, INTERPERSONAL conflict, SPORTS officials, WELL-being, TEAM sports
Abstract

Match official abuse (MOA) in team sports has become a prominent issue within sport management; the effects of MOA on the safety, wellbeing and retention of officials has led to a growth of academic enquiry. The present review aimed to develop a thorough understanding of MOA through the perspective of sport officials from various sports. The authors conducted a systematic literature review on match officials' experiences of abuse. Research databases (PsychInfo, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science) were screened for peer-reviewed research published between 1999 and 2022. Sixty studies of mixed research designs were retained and evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Qualitative synthesis of the results identified five key themes of empirical findings pertaining to the nature and prevalence of abuse; the effects of abuse on performance, wellbeing and retention; methods of interpersonal conflict management; facilitators of abuse; and match officials' attitudes towards current support and intervention. Results show that MOA effects individuals at all levels of competition and can adversely affect the performance and wellbeing of officials. The findings are used to identify relevant sport management issues and the authors discuss potential policy outcomes for reducing the prevalence and adverse effects of MOA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Long noncoding RNA NEXN-AS1 mitigates atherosclerosis by regulating the actin-binding protein NEXN

Author

Hu, Yan-Wei, Guo, Feng-Xia, Xu, Yuan-Jun, Li, Pan, Lu, Zhi-Feng, McVey, David G., Zheng, Lei, Wang, Qian, Ye, John H., Kang, Chun-Min, Wu, Shao-Guo, Zhao, Jing- Jing, Ma, Xin, Yang, Zhen, Fang, Fu-Chun, Qiu, Yu-Rong, Xu, Bang-Ming, Xiao, Lei, Wu, Qian, Wu, Li-Mei, Ding, Li, Webb, Tom R., Samani, Nilesh J., and Ye, Shu

Subjects
Atherosclerosis -- Genetic aspects -- Risk factors -- Care and treatment, Binding proteins -- Research, Chromatin -- Research, Gene expression -- Research, Endothelium, Cardiac patients, Protein binding, RNA, Coronary heart disease, Animal experimentation, Apolipoproteins, Actin, DNA microarrays, Oligomers, Genetic regulation, Antisense RNA, Genes, Muscle proteins, Macrophages, Health care industry
Abstract

Noncoding RNAs are emerging as important players in gene regulation and disease pathogeneses. Here, we show that a previously uncharacterized long noncoding RNA, nexilin F-actin binding protein antisense RNA 1 (NEXN-AS1), modulates the expression of the actin-binding protein NEXN and that NEXN exerts a protective role against atherosclerosis. An expression microarray analysis showed that the expression of both NEXN-AS1 and NEXN was reduced in human atherosclerotic plaques. In vitro experiments revealed that NEXN-AS1 interacted with the chromatin remodeler BAZ1A and the 5' flanking region of the NEXN gene and that it also upregulated NEXN expression. Augmentation of NEXN-AS1 expression inhibited TLR4 oligomerization and NF-[kappa]B activity, downregulated the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines by endothelial cells, and suppressed monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. These inhibitory effects of NEXN-AS1 were abolished by knockdown of NEXN. In vivo experiments using ApoE-knockout mice fed a Western high-fat diet demonstrated that NEXN deficiency promoted atherosclerosis and increased macrophage abundance in atherosclerotic lesions, with heightened expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines, whereas augmented NEXN expression deterred atherosclerosis. Patients with coronary artery disease were found to have lower blood NEXN levels than healthy individuals. These results indicate that NEXN-AS1 and NEXN represent potential therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis-related diseases., Introduction Atherosclerosis underlies the vast majority of coronary artery disease (CAD) and contributes to the development of many other cardiovascular disorders. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is complex and still incompletely [...]

Published
2019
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20. Functional investigation of the coronary artery disease gene SVEP1

Author

Winkler, Michael J., Müller, Philipp, Sharifi, Amin M., Wobst, Jana, Winter, Hanna, Mokry, Michal, Ma, Lijiang, van der Laan, Sander W., Pang, Shichao, Miritsch, Benedikt, Hinterdobler, Julia, Werner, Julia, Stiller, Barbara, Güldener, Ulrich, Webb, Tom R., Asselbergs, Folkert W., Björkegren, Johan L. M., Maegdefessel, Lars, Schunkert, Heribert, Sager, Hendrik B., and Kessler, Thorsten

Published
2020
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21. Money troubles and problems ahead? The financial health of professional women's football clubs in England.

Author

Clarkson, Beth G., Plumley, Daniel, Philippou, Christina, Wilson, Rob, and Webb, Tom

Subjects
WOMEN'S societies & clubs, WOMEN'S sports, WOMEN'S health, ATHLETIC leagues, SPORTS competitions
Abstract

Purpose: Despite multiple structural changes since its 2011 inception, many English Women's Super League (WSL) clubs have recorded losses and carried debt, leading to concerns about the financial health of the league. This study is the first to analyse the financial health of any professional women's sports league in the world. The authors examine WSL club finances between 2011 and 2019, theoretically situate the findings within joint production, and make policy recommendations. Design/methodology/approach: In total, 73 annual accounts of 14 WSL clubs between 2011 and 2019 were scrutinised. Findings: Since 2011, club revenue has increased 590% but is outstripped by club debt increase (1,351%). The authors find poor financial health throughout the league, which may damage both its and the clubs' future growth. Findings also indicate an emergent group of dominant clubs on and off the pitch, which may threaten long-term sporting integrity and disrupt the joint production of the WSL product. Practical implications: Women's football exists at an important crossroad, and its next moves need careful consideration in relation to its governance structures and league design. Originality/value: The authors provide a road map for necessary action (e.g. revenue distribution, licensing criteria, rewards) to protect the financial health of the WSL's clubs and promote sporting competition to assist the sport to capitalise further on positive gains in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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22. How job crafting builds organizational agility in a government-dependent NSO: the mediating role of organizational climate.

Author

Loghmani, Mohsen, Webb, Tom, Cuskelly, Graham, and Alavi, Seyed Hossein

Subjects
INSTITUTIONAL environment, SOCIAL status, HUMAN resources departments, CHURCH work with youth, STRUCTURAL models, JOB performance
Abstract

The present study examined how organizational climate plays a mediating role in the relationship between job crafting and organizational agility in a government-dependent NSOs suffering from bureaucratic structures and rigid legislation. We therefore hypothesized that employees undertaking job crafting techniques would be most likely to shape positive climates, thereby building organizational agility. Employing a quantitative approach, structural equal modelling (SEM) was performed for testing the research hypothesis. One hundred nighty one employees working in the Iranian Ministry of Sport and Youth were asked to respond to three standard questionnaires. SEM analyses offered strong support for the research hypothesis referring to positive mediating role of organizational climates. We, discuss how a workplace containing more than two people builds informal organization among employees, as they refine their position to increase social job resources. The study demonstrated that job crafting has the potential to be linked with positive organizational outcomes and, thereby suggested a practical strategy to select the people for entering NSOs. Presenting a potential workplace pattern for employees to refine their positions in terms of sharing knowledge and carrying out job tasks, the study illustrated a context to empower the human resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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23. Examining the mental health status of referees in the turkish professional football league.

Author

Lima, Yavuz, Devran, Sergen, Öz, Nazlı Deniz, Webb, Tom, and Bayraktar, Bülent

Subjects
MENTAL health, SOCCER, SOCIAL support, SPORTS officials, PROFESSIONAL athletes, ANXIETY
Abstract

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the mental health (MH) status of referees who officiate in the Turkish professional football leagues. An online survey was sent to all referees in the Turkish professional football leagues (n = 630) incorporating standardized scales assessing depression, anxiety, and stress. A total of 433 referees participated in the study, yielding a response rate of 68.7%. Younger referees (18–27 years) reported higher depression (p = 0.01), anxiety (p < 0.01), and stress (p < 0.01) scores than older (>38 years) refereees. Depression, anxiety, and stress scores of single referees were higher compared to married referees (all p < 0.01). Lower-level referees reported higher depression (p < 0.01), anxiety (p = 0.01), and stress (p < 0.01) scores than their higher-level counterparts. Higher depression, anxiety, and stress scores were also associated with less income, performance concerns, severe injury history, and inadequate social support. MH problems in referees were associated with a wide range of variables including younger age, being single, refereeing at lower-levels, performance concerns, and inadequate social support. In light of these results, MH assessments should be undertaken with referees to detect which officials are at greater risk of MH problems. Doing so will help to enable appropriate and timely MH interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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24. Experience and Construction of Mental Health Among English Female Football Match Officials.

Author

Webb, Tom, Gorczynski, Paul, Oftadeh-Moghadam, Shakiba, and Grubb, Laura

Subjects
*MENTAL health, *SEXISM in language, *HOMOPHOBIA, *HEALTH literacy, *DISCRIMINATORY language, *MENTAL health policy
Abstract

Research into the mental health of female sport match officials is scarce, despite verbal and physical abuse being commonplace. Twelve female match officials officiating male and female matches took part in semistructured interviews, investigating their experiences and understanding of their mental health. Deductive thematic analysis identified four overarching themes: male and female football environments; abuse, sexism, and homophobia in football; formal and informal support networks; and mental health knowledge and experience—accessing services. The results revealed toxic, abusive, male-dominated environments that included sexist and derogatory language, negatively affecting their mental health. The female match officials struggled to ascertain mechanisms for support and identified that the educational courses and local organizations did not provide mental health information or training, and match officials often experienced poor mental health during and after matches. Increased engagement with mental health literacy and policy change from governing bodies is required, given the unique challenges female match officials face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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27. Striving for excellence: talent identification and development in English football refereeing.

Author

Webb, Tom, O'Gorman, Jimmy, and Markham, Lee

Subjects
SOCCER referees, SOCCER, EXCELLENCE, TALENT development, THEMATIC analysis, SOCIAL networks
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the talent identification and talent development experiences of referees in England. We explored with referees what they perceived to be the relevant strengths and weaknesses of the talent identification and development mechanisms utilised by football governing and development bodies in England. Currently, no research on the talent identification and development of football referees exists anywhere in the world. The paper employs a qualitative approach using thematic analysis. Semi-structured interviews with 28 participants across four different County Football Associations (CFAs) in England were conducted. Referees on the development pathway and Referee Development Officers were interviewed. Three overarching themes were identified; recruitment processes, talent identification and development, and support mechanisms. Opportunities for progression were affected by age, provision and quality of training, knowledge of the progression pathways, regional and national differences in both the recruitment and delivery of information regarding talent identification and development, and variability in the formalised support networks. Organisations who identify and develop referees at varying levels should understand the barriers associated with maximising referee progression. FIFA, UEFA, national football associations, and regional referee organisations are aware of the diminishing refereeing numbers across football, and therefore effective identification and development of referees becomes even more essential. Governing bodies should recognise that the progression pathways in place have a significant impact on referee development and therefore a successful standardised approach is essential both nationally and internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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28. The Leeds Africa Climate Hackathon – experiences of running a hackathon and highlights of results.

Author

Crook, Julia, Marsham, John H., Fitzpatrick, Rory, Aryee, Jeffrey N. A., Baidu, Michael, Baker, Jessica C. A., Bland, Sam, Chapman, Sarah, Denby, Leif, Hartley, Andrew, Kovacs, Eszter, Lam, Timothy, Morris, Fran, Mwanthi, Anthony, Owen, Laura, Peatman, Simon, Pickering, Ben, Sabiiti, Geoffrey, Wainwright, Caroline, and Webb, Tom

Subjects
DROUGHTS, HEAT waves (Meteorology), SCIENTIFIC communication, GREENHOUSE gas mitigation, PHYSICAL sciences
Abstract

However, due to late dropouts, the Ghana Cocoa team lost its African representative and a UK Post-Doctoral Research Associate, so was very unbalanced, and we ended up with the two Ghana teams merging into one larger-than-ideal team (GhanaAg team). The Leeds Africa Climate Hackathon aimed to generate user-relevant narratives of possible future climate in East and West Africa relevant to hydroelectric power generation and agriculture respectively. Analysis of CMIP5 models suggests West Africa will see shorter wet seasons, increasing rainfall intensity, and decreasing rainfall frequency under climate change (Dunning I et al i ., [6]). The team hypothesised that the dam would not be able to retain these higher intensity rains and would have to release them downstream, which in turn could increase periods when dam levels were low even if decadal rainfall were similar to today. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023
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35. X-linked cone dystrophy caused by mutation of the red and green cone opsins

Author

Gardner, Jessica C., Webb, Tom R., Kanuga, Naheed, Robson, Anthony G., Holder, Graham E., Stockman, Andrew, Ripamonti, Caterina, Ebenezer, Neil D., Ogun, Olufunmilola, Devery, Sophie, Wright, Genevieve A., Maher, Eamonn R., Cheetham, Michael E., Moore, Anthony T., Michel, Michaelides, and Hardcastle, Alison J.

Subjects
Chromosome mapping -- Usage, Gene mutations -- Analysis, Photoreceptors -- Research, Retinitis pigmentosa -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Genetic mapping of x-linked cone and cone-rod dystrophies (XLCOD) which is a heterogeneous group of progressive disorders that primarily affect cone photoreceptors to Xq26.1-qter is reported. The mutations observed in the long-wavelength-sensitive/medium-wavelength-sensitive (LW/MW) cone opsin gene array could lead to a spectrum of disease, ranging from color blindness to progressive cone dystrophy (XLCOD5).

Published
2010

36. Contribution of NOTCH1 genetic variants to bicuspid aortic valve and other congenital lesions.

Author

Debiec, Radoslaw Marek, Hamby, Stephen E., Jones, Peter D., Safwan, Kassem, Sosin, Michael, Hetherington, Simon Lee, Sprigings, David, Sharman, David, Lee, Kelvin, Salahshouri, Pegah, Wheeldon, Nigel, Chukwuemeka, Andrew, Boutziouka, Vasiliki, Elamin, Mohamed, Coolman, Sue, Asiani, Manish, Kharodia, Shireen, Skinner, Gregory J., Samani, Nilesh J., and Webb, Tom R.

Published
2022
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37. Call-to-action: the need for a mental health research agenda for sports match officials.

Author

Gorczynski, Paul and Webb, Tom

Subjects
MENTAL health, MENTAL illness, SPORTS officials, ORGANIZATION, SPORTS
Abstract

Little research has examined the mental health symptoms and disorders of sports match officials, in any sport, anywhere in the world. This lack of research has created a deficit of mental health knowledge for sports match officials and prevented the design, testing, and dissemination of evidence-based mental health interventions. The purposes of this paper are to briefly outline the limited research that does exist on the mental health symptoms and disorders of sports match officials and to establish a research agenda that begins to build an evidence-base for future multidisciplinary research and practice. Only through collaborative efforts, that aim to help both individuals and organizations, can poor mental health in this population be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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38. The evolution of referees in the English Premier League.

Author

Webb, Tom

Subjects
*CONTESTS, *GAMES
Abstract

Despite their importance, referees are an often overlooked part of professional football. Referees are an integral part of the global game and are required for fixtures to take place and competitions to occur. The English Premier League (EPL) provides a unique backdrop to consider the development of referees within the league, from the formation up until the present day. Referees have dealt with numerous changes, developments and technological advancements and continue to operate and perform at the highest level, required to officiate in the EPL. However, the continued growth of the EPL has also led to associated challenges for referees and a constant presence in the media with their decisions scrutinized in detail. This article considers the evolution of refereeing in the EPL, examines some of the most significant changes that have impacted upon refereeing and identifies some of the current challenges and opportunities that might exist for refereeing in the EPL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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39. Sports match official research: an evolving narrative, positioning future research.

Author

Webb, Tom

Subjects
SPORTS officials, MANAGEMENT, LEADERSHIP, SOCIOLOGY, SOCIAL psychology
Abstract

The purpose of this article is to foster debate and discussion around the developing sport match official research area. To that end the literature in this field is examined and discussed with gaps in the research identified and explored. Areas of future research are suggested as pertinent areas for scholars to focus upon, with mental health, online abuse, gender studies and investigations into the treatment and support for young people who officiate particularly important. It is the intention of this commentary to encourage academics from sport research fields that have not traditionally considered match officials as an area of interest, and to motivate those from disciplines outside sport related enquiry to consider adapting and applying methods to this unique population, in order to continue the development of scholarly activity and collaboration in this rapidly evolving subject area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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44. Abuse is not a zero-sum game! The case for zero tolerance of match official physical and verbal abuse.

Author

Dawson, Peter, Webb, Tom, and Downward, Paul

Subjects
*STATISTICAL correlation, *SEX crimes, *SOCCER, *QUALITATIVE research, *INVECTIVE, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *WORK experience (Employment), *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *SURVEYS, *INTENTION, *RESEARCH methodology, *STATISTICS
Abstract

Emergent research has investigated the impact of abuse on the decision of match officials to leave their sport. The existing literature is largely descriptive and qualitative. Based on large surveys of football referees in France and the Netherlands, this paper investigates the factors that are associated with the verbal and physical abuse of the referees and also the association of this abuse with the intentions of referees to quit officiating. The associations are investigated by estimating the marginal effects from bivariate probit and probit models respectively. Bivariate probit estimation reveals a strong correlation between each form of abuse. Both, unsurprisingly, are also positively associated with years of experience of referees. Probit estimation reveals that both forms of abuse, as well as intimidation from refereeing certain teams, are associated with an increased consideration of referees to quit. As increased intention to quit is also associated with the experience of the referee it is likely that the effect of abuse on referee considerations of quitting increase through time. The main conclusions are that the alternative forms of abuse are not zero-sum and both should be targeted by governing bodies to reduce the decline in the number of football referees. The data show that support of referees, for example through mentoring, can offset stated intentions to quit. Highlights This study looks at the factors that are associated with verbal and physical abuse of football referees and the association of this abuse with the intentions to quit. The alternative forms of abuse are not zero-sum and both should be targeted to reduce the decline in referees. Support of referees, for example through mentoring, can offset stated intentions to quit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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45. Deep intronic mutation in OFD1, identified by targeted genomic next-generation sequencing, causes a severe form of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (RP23)

Author

Webb, Tom R., Parfitt, David A., Gardner, Jessica C., Martinez, Ariadna, Bevilacqua, Dalila, Davidson, Alice E., Zito, Ilaria, Thiselton, Dawn L., Ressa, Jacob H.C., Apergi, Marina, Schwarz, Nele, Kanuga, Naheed, Michaelides, Michel, Cheetham, Michael E., Gorin, Michael B., and Hardcastle, Alison J.

Published
2012
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46. X-linked cataract and Nance-Horan syndrome are allelic disorders

Author

Coccia, Margherita, Brooks, Simon P., Webb, Tom R., Christodoulou, Katja, Wozniak, Izabella O., Murday, Victoria, Balicki, Martha, Yee, Harris A., Wangensteen, Teresia, Riise, Ruth, Saggar, Anand K., Park, Soo-Mi, Kanuga, Naheed, Francis, Peter J., Maher, Eamonn R., Moore, Anthony T., Russell-Eggitt, Isabelle M., and Hardcastle, Alison J.

Published
2009

48. Biological trait profiles discriminate between native and non-indigenous marine invertebrates.

Author

Quell, Francesca, Schratzberger, Michaela, Beauchard, Olivier, Bruggeman, Jorn, and Webb, Tom

Subjects
LIFE history theory, INTRODUCED species, PELAGIC fishes, MARINE invertebrates, BODY size, BIOLOGICAL invasions
Abstract

The increasing rate of marine invasions to Western Europe in recent decades highlights the importance of addressing the central questions of invasion biology: what allows an invader to be successful, and which species are likely to become invasive? Consensus is currently lacking regarding the key traits that determine invasiveness in marine species and the extent to which invasive and indigenous species differ in their trait compositions. This limits the ability to predict invasive potential. Here we propose a method based on trait profiles which can be used to predict non-indigenous species likely to cause the greatest impact and native species with a tendency for invasion. We compiled a database of 12 key biological and life history traits of 85 non-indigenous and 302 native marine invertebrate species from Western Europe. Using multivariate methods, we demonstrate that biological traits were able to discriminate between native and non-indigenous species with an accuracy of 78%. The main discriminant traits included body size, lifespan, fecundity, offspring protection, burrowing depth and, to a lesser extent, pelagic stage duration. Analysis revealed that the typical non-indigenous marine invertebrate is a mid-sized, long-lived, highly fecund suspension feeder which either broods its offspring or has a pelagic stage duration of 1-30 days, and is either attached-sessile or burrows to a depth of 5 cm. Biological traits were also able to predict native species classed as "potentially invasive" with an accuracy of 78%. Targeted surveillance and proactive management of invasive species requires accurate predictions of which species are likely to become invasive in the future. Our findings add to the growing evidence that non-indigenous species possess a greater affinity for certain traits. These traits are typically present in the profile of "potentially invasive" native species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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49. Developing a mental health research agenda for football referees.

Author

Gorczynski, Paul and Webb, Tom

Subjects
*SOCCER referees, *EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research, *MENTAL health, *ELITE (Social sciences), PSYCHIATRIC research
Abstract

The mental health of football referees at amateur and elite levels has received very little research attention, with the majority of mental health research focused on players. Unfortunately, such a shallow research pool has resulted in a deficit of knowledge which prevents not only the understanding of mental health symptoms and disorders in this population but also the creation of evidence-based interventions. As such, the purpose of this commentary is twofold: 1) to outline the importance of why an epidemiological understanding of mental health symptoms and disorders amongst referees is necessary and desperately needed and 2) to discuss how such epidemiological research can be used to design, deliver, evaluate and disseminate evidence-based mental health interventions to football referees. We provide an overview of the behavioural epidemiology framework and how it may be used to guide and execute future research and intervention endeavours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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