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Dye wastewater containing an azo dye, direct red 28 was prepared in triple distilled water and was irradiated by gamma radiation. The decoloration of dye wastewater was determined spectrophotometrically. It was found out that the wastewater containing the dye could efficiently be decolorized and degraded using the gamma radiation and in presence of different additives. Starting with the concentration of 30?mg/L, almost 100% decoloration of this dye wastewater can be achieved using the radiation dose of only 2.2?kGy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The undertaken study was conducted to find out the seroprevalence and coinfection of HBV and HCV infection among patients seeking hospital care. A total of 845 samples were received at tertiary care hospital of Islamabad and were screened for hepatitis B and C. The ELISA was used to detect antigen for HBV and antibodies for HCV in patient serum. Among 845 collected samples, 255 (30.1%) were seropositive for HBV and HCV. Out of 255 seropositive samples, 45 (5.3%) were positive for HBsAg while 199 (23.5%) were positive for anti-HCV. Among 255, 11 (1.3%) were seropositive for both HBsAg and anti-HCV (coinfection). Among the seropositive male, HBV was more prevalent (23.8%) while female patients had a high incidence of HCV (52.2%). Among the age group variable, HBV, HCV, and coinfection were found to be more common in the age groups of 21-30 (29%) and 30-40 (24%) years. The seropositivity for HBsAg was higher in unmarried individuals (31.2%) while anti-HCV was more prevalent in married individuals (84%).The present study provides the preliminary information about high HCV and HBV prevalence. Findings from the current study will be helpful for the better management and control of viral hepatitis among patients seeking hospital care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]