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The prevalence of obesity and osteoporosis (OP) represents a significant public health concern on a global scale. A substantial body of evidence indicates that there is a complex relationship between obesity and OP, with a correlation between the occurrence of OP and obesity. In recent years, sirtuins have emerged as a prominent area of interest in the fields of aging and endocrine metabolism. Among the various research avenues exploring the potential of sirtuins, the effects of these proteins on obesity and OP have garnered significant attention from numerous researchers. Sirtuins regulate energy balance and lipid balance, which in turn inhibit the process of adipogenesis. Additionally, sirtuins regulate the balance between osteogenic and osteoblastic activity, which protects against the development of OP. However, no study has yet provided a comprehensive discussion of the relationship between the three: sirtuins, obesity, and OP. This paper will therefore describe the relationship between sirtuins and obesity, the relationship between sirtuins and OP, and a discussion focusing on the possibility of treating OP caused by obesity by targeting sirtuins. This will be based on the common influences on the occurrence of obesity and OP (such as mesenchymal stem cells, gut microbiota, and insulin). Finally, the potential of SIRT1, an important member of sirtuins, in polyphenolic natural products for the treatment of obesity and OP will be presented. This will contribute to a better understanding of the interactions between sirtuins and obesity and bone, which will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies for obesity and OP in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aging is a physiological phenomenon in the process of life, and skin aging has a significant impact on human appearance. Therefore, the search for methods to delay skin aging is of great significance for improving the quality of human life. Materials and Methods: This study investigated the anti‐photoaging effect of Tricholoma matsutake (T) extract composition combined with bakuchiol (B) and ergothioneine (E), and explored its potential mechanism through transcriptome, metabolomics, and network pharmacology. Results: 57 main chemical components are identified from the ethanol extract of T. matsutake (T), including D‐carnitine (24.55%), α,α‐trehalose (15.56%), DL malic acid (8.99%), D‐(−)‐quinic acid (7.46%), erucamide (7.04%) and so on. After TBE treatment, inflammation of the mice dorsal skin is significantly minimized. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and toluidine blue staining reveal that TBE has an anti‐inflammatory effect on the back skin tissue of mice. Masson staining shows that TBE has a repair effect on mice dorsal skin tissue. In addition, the inflammatory factors (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α) in the mice dorsal skin tissues are significantly reduced but collagen (COL‐1) is significantly increased. By cellular immunofluorescence assay, TBE is shown to promote PPAR‐α expression in cells. Transcriptomics, metabolomics, and network pharmacology have revealed that TBE can regulate exogenous stimuli and cancer‐related signaling pathways to prevent skin aging. Conclusion: The results suggest that TBE can be a beneficial supplement to natural anti‐aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing density functional theory (DFT) and non-equilibrium Green's function, we systematically studied the electrical transport and rectification properties of thiol- and amino-terminated molecules embedded in graphene nanoribbons. We firstly found the thiol-terminated molecules show better electron transport properties compared to the amino-terminated, which can be attributed to the strong electronwithdrawing ability and favorable coupling effects. Secondly, the symmetrical molecules show almost symmetrical current-voltage (I-V) curves and exhibit negligible rectification effects. On the other hand, the asymmetrical molecules exhibit asymmetrical I-V curves and better rectification performance. The rectification effect is closely related to molecular asymmetry degrees. For example, the rectification ratio of asymmetric N6 ((E)-Nl-(3-aminopropyl)-but-2-ene-1,4-diamine) molecule is much smaller than the N4 (5-phenylthiazole-2,4-diamine) and N5 (2,6-diaminohexane-1,1,5-triol) molecules. Furthermore, we found the rectification ratio of the asymmetrical amino-terminated molecules can reach 400, while the biggest rectification ratio of the thiol-terminated molecule can only reach 45. These findings offer crucial insights for future graphene molecular electronic device design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zero-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides are unique semiconductors with fruitful physical properties. Usually, only the inorganic polyhedrons dominate the band edge electronic and photophysical properties of such hybrid semiconductors, whereas the organic components mainly act as structure-stabilizing units. Herein, we study the electronic structures and photodynamics of isoelectronically Br-substituted (I) zero-dimensional organic–inorganic copper halide semiconductors (C9H14N)3Cu3(BrxI1−x)6. They are composed of both inorganic [Cu3(BrxI1−x)6]3− units and organic C9H14N+ skeletons. It is surprising to find that unlike usual organic–inorganic metal halides, although the heavily isoelectronic substitution of halogen atoms in the (C9H14N)3Cu3I6 crystal leads to significant shrinkage of the lattice, it does not remarkably alter the bandgap and luminescence peak owing to the site-projected density of states as revealed by the density functional theory calculation. The inorganic units dominate the valence band edge quantum states, whereas the organic skeletons dominate the conduction-band edge states. However, the isoelectronic substitution significantly lowers the symmetry of the crystal, and as a result, the quantum transition probability at the band edge increases first and decreases then with increasing concentration of substituting bromine atoms. The (C9H14N)3Cu3(BrxI1−x)6 crystals exhibit dual-band luminescence with large Stokes shift and near-unity quantum yield. It arises from the excitons trapped by two kinds of centers. The critical participation of the organic skeletons in the electronic structures and band edge photodynamics refresh our knowledge of their roles in the hybrid semiconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Located at an average elevation of approximately 2000 m, the Minjiang River Basin (MJB), a key tributary of the Upper Yangtze River, straddles the Western Sichuan Plateau and the Sichuan Basin. Vegetation here is crucial for human life, providing oxygen and energy. However, the influence of climatic variables, human activities, and rugged terrain on vegetation vitality is still debated. This study mainly leverages data from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), meteorological stations data, and land use data. Analytical techniques include trend analysis, partial correlation coefficient analysis (PCC), principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results indicate a stable upward trend in vegetation growth with minimal fluctuations, with a growth rate of 0.95 × 10−3/a (p < 0.01). PCC analysis shows a positive correlation between NDVI and key climatic elements in over 60% of the area. The areas with significant vegetation growth had the highest average PCC. PCA and PLS-SEM identify temperature and precipitation as primary growth drivers, while elevation and land use intensity hinder growth. The MJB landscape reveals thresholds and tipping points, with specific temperature and precipitation benchmarks varying by elevation, delineating the boundary between flourishing vegetation and growth inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the active components, protein targets, and mechanisms underlying the anti-obesity effects of Hippophae fructus using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques, and to validate its in vitro anti-obesity efficacy. Methods: The TCMSP platform was utilized to retrieve the active components and targets of Hippophae fructus, and disease targets were collected. Venny 2.0.2 was used to identify the intersection of targets between Hippophae fructus and obesity-related targets. The STRING database was used to establish a drug-target-disease protein interaction (PPI) network. The intersecting targets were analyzed using the David database to perform GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. Cytoscape 3.9.1 was used to construct a network diagram of the components of Hippophae fructus, anti-obesity targets, and related signaling pathways. Autodock Dock 1.5.7 and Pymol 2.2.0 were used to carry out molecular docking between the core targets of Hippophae fructus and its components, followed by visualization. The in vitro anti-obesity effect of Hippophae fructus extract was evaluated through cell experiments using 3T3-L1 cells. Results: A total of 33 active components, 2820 disease targets, and 151 intersection targets of Hippophae fructus were identified. The main active components included flavonoids, vitamins, and sterols, while key targets involved AKT1, TNF, IL6, TP53, VEGFA, CASP3, and others. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed 131 signaling pathways, including those related to malignant tumors, lipid and atherosclerosis, and AGE-RAGE signaling. Molecular docking results demonstrated favorable binding interactions between the core targets and the corresponding active components of Hippophae fructus. The in vitro experiments indicated that Hippophae fructus extract exhibited inhibitory effects on the proliferation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Conclusion: This study reveals that Hippophae fructus exerts antiobesity effects through multiple components, targets, and pathways, providing valuable insights for its clinical research and product development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase angle and vitamin D can reflect the state of the body cells, and the two may interact with each other. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out the relationship between PA and vitamin D. Taking women in early pregnancy as our study subjects, we found that PA had a positive effect on vitamin D levels. Body composition phase angle, as a noninvasive, easy‐to‐operate, and easy‐to‐monitor indicator, can be used an early screening index for vitamin D nutrition levels in early pregnancy, and the cutoff value was 4.95°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In indoor low-texture environments, the point feature-based visual SLAM system has poor robustness and low trajectory accuracy. Therefore, we propose a visual inertial SLAM algorithm based on point-line feature fusion. Firstly, in order to improve the quality of the extracted line segment, a line segment extraction algorithm with adaptive threshold value is proposed. By constructing the adjacent matrix of the line segment and judging the direction of the line segment, it can decide whether to merge or eliminate other line segments. At the same time, geometric constraint line feature matching is considered to improve the efficiency of processing line features. Compared with the traditional algorithm, the processing efficiency of our proposed method is greatly improved. Then, point, line, and inertial data are effectively fused in a sliding window to achieve high-accuracy pose estimation. Finally, experiments on the EuRoC dataset show that the proposed PLI-VINS performs better than the traditional visual inertial SLAM system using point features and point line features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dravet syndrome (DS) is a refractory developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (EE) with a variety of comorbidities, including cognitive impairment, autism-like behavior, speech dysfunction, and ataxia, which can seriously affect the quality of life of patients and impose a great burden on society and their families. Currently, the pharmacological therapy is patient dependent and may work or not. Neuromodulation techniques, including vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), responsive neurostimulation (RNS), and chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation (CSCS), have become common adjuvant therapies for neurological diseases, but their efficacy in the treatment of DS is unknown. Methods: We searched Web of Science, PubMed, and SpringerLink for all published cases related to the neuromodulation techniques of DS until January 15, 2022. The systematic review was supplemented with relevant articles from the references. The results reported by each study were summarized narratively. Results: The Web of science, PubMed and SpringerLink search yielded 258 items. A total of 16 studies published between 2016 and 2021 met the final inclusion criteria. Overall, 16 articles (109 cases) were included in this study, among which fifteen (107 patients) were involved VNS, and one (2 patients) was involved DBS. After VNS implantation, seizures were reduced to ≥50% in 60 cases (56%), seizure free were found in 8 cases (7.5%). Only two DS patients received DBS treatment, and the initial outcomes of DBS implantation were unsatisfactory. The seizures significantly improved over time for both DBS patients after the addition of antiepileptic drugs. Conclusion: More than half of the DS patients benefited from VNS, and VNS may be effective in the treatment of DS. However, it is important to note that VNS does not guarantee improvement of seizures, and there is a risk of infection and subsequent device failure. Although DBS is a safe and effective strategy for the treatment of refractory epilepsy, the role of DBS in DS needs further study, as the sample size was small. Thus far, there is no strong evidence for the role of DBS in DS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D spatial information is known to be beneficial to the semantic segmentation task. Most existing methods take 3D spatial data as an additional input, leading to a two-stream segmentation network that processes RGB and 3D spatial information separately. This solution greatly increases the inference time and severely limits its scope for real-time applications. To solve this problem, we propose Spatial information guided Convolution (S-Conv), which allows efficient RGB feature and 3D spatial information integration. S-Conv is competent to infer the sampling offset of the convolution kernel guided by the 3D spatial information, helping the convolutional layer adjust the receptive field and adapt to geometric transformations. S-Conv also incorporates geometric information into the feature learning process by generating spatially adaptive convolutional weights. The capability of perceiving geometry is largely enhanced without much affecting the amount of parameters and computational cost. Based on S-Conv, we further design a semantic segmentation network, called Spatial information Guided convolutional Network (SGNet), resulting in real-time inference and state-of-the-art performance on NYUDv2 and SUNRGBD datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matrine derivative MASM (M19) is a quinolizine alkaloid with diverse pharmacological effects including preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis. In the current study, we observed that pretreatment with M19 inhibited cell apoptosis of murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 and primary osteoblasts induced by 1 μM dexamethasone in a dose-dependent manner. Our study also showed that pretreatment with M19 significantly prevented the upregulation of p53 that is caused by dexamethasone but had no effect on the p53 mRNA expression levels. Further immunoprecipitation (IP) experiments showed that M19 treatment increases the ubiquitination of p53 in dexamethasone-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. The expression of USP14, a deubiquitinating enzyme, increased with dexamethasone and decreased with M19 pretreatment. Co-IP experiments demonstrated the interaction between USP14 and p53, and the induced effect of a USP14 inhibitor (IU1) on p53 ubiquitination, which indicated that USP14 is a potential deubiquitinase for p53. Furthermore, pretreatment with IU1 or a p53 inhibitor (PFT-α) partially blocked dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells. The overexpression of USP14 or p53 reversed the antiapoptotic effect of M19 in dexamethasone-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, PFT-α treatment remarkably blocked the effects of USP14 overexpression. In summary, our findings suggest that M19 exerts protective effects on dexamethasone-treated MC3T3-E1 cells by regulating USP14/p53. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the circumstance of simultaneously scanning multiple regions in an environment which can change as time goes by, the authors study an optimal algorithm to solve antenna deployment problem for MIMO radar systems here. It is solved by multi-objective particle swarm optimisation algorithm (MOPSO) combining an autoregressive (AR) prediction model (MOPSO-AR). In a time period and dynamic environment, the MOPSO-AR method uses the previous optimal information to calculate the current deployment schemes before PSO optimisation starts up. It greatly reduces computational load and the error of the solutions. First, by discretising the time period into several time intervals, the problem in each time interval can be seen as a static problem. However, there may be relationship between these time intervals. Second, use the previous information and an AR model to predict temporally optimal solutions. Then, to get the exact optimal solutions, the predicted solutions and PSO method was applied to compute. Simulations show that the prediction strategy improves algorithm performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, a deep learning technique has been introduced to saliency detection and has achieved promising results, but most of them are based on superpixel algorithms. Consequently, their performances and efficiencies depend largely on the results of a segmentation algorithm. Instead of classifying superpixels, we treat salient object detection as a dense prediction task. Fully convolutional networks show strong potential in dense prediction tasks, but the resolution and the quality of output maps need improving due to the loss of location information. In order to achieve high‐quality saliency maps, we propose a very efficient method using two Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs) to extract global and local information respectively via different receptive fields. The global model produces accurate but coarse saliency maps, while the refined model produces full‐sized, fine results. We evaluate our method on eight public datasets and find that our method outperforms the other state‐of‐the‐art methods. Besides, our method runs much faster than the existing deep learning methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary lipids provide energy for growth and development and provide fatty acids necessary for normal structure and biological function. However, oxidized lipids cause oxidative stress and intestinal damage. An 8-week feeding trial with fresh fish oil (FFO, control group), oxidized fish oil (OFO), and taurine-supplemented diets (OFOT, OFO + 0.2% of taurine) was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of taurine on oxidized fish-oil-induced liver oxidative stress and intestine impairment in juvenile Ictaluruspunctatus. The results showed that (1) Growth performance was significantly lower in fish fed OFO than in those fed other diets, whereas the opposite occurred in the hepatosomatic index. (2) OFO-feeding significantly increased lipid deposition compared with the FFO group. The addition of taurine ameliorated the OFO-induced increase in lipid vacuolization in the liver, significantly upregulated lpl mRNA expression, and downregulated fas and srebp1 mRNA expression. (3) OFO-feeding significantly reduced oxidative damage of liver. Compared with the OFO group, the OFOT group remarkably upregulated antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression through the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway based on the transcriptional expression. (4) OFO diets induced intestinal physical and immune barrier damage. Compared with the OFO group, OFOT diets remarkably downregulated il-1β, il-6, tnf-α, and il-8 mRNA expression and upregulated tgf-β mRNA expression through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Besides, the addition of taurine to OFO diets significantly upregulated zo-2 and zo-1 mRNA expression, and downregulated claudin-15 and claudin-12 mRNA expression. In conclusion, oxidized-fish-oil diets can cause negative physiological health effects in Ictaluruspunctatus, while adding taurine can increase growth and antioxidant ability, reduce lipid deposition, and improve intestinal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider an optimal antenna deployment problem for distributed multistatic radar under the situation of multiple surveillance regions in a dynamic environment. The problem is solved by proposing a dynamic multi-objective particle swarm optimization (DMOPSO) with the assistance of the proposed Kalman filtering prediction strategy. Firstly, we construct a dynamic multi-objective optimization problem for antenna deployment by choosing the effective coverage rates of different non-fixed surveillance regions as objective functions. Then, to avoid the unnecessary computational load for solving optimization problem and improve the real-time property of antenna deployment, a DMOPSO algorithm based on the Kalman filtering prediction strategy is proposed by extracting the relationships among adjacent optimization time segments. Finally, numerical results are provided to verify the validity of the proposed DMOPSO algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]