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Objective To screen for the key genes involved in propofol-induced neurotoxicity based on metabolomics and transcriptomics. Methods HT22 cells were cultured with propofol at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L for 24 h and were established as Ctrl, P25, P50, P75, and P100 groups, respectively, and CCK-9 assay was used to measure cell viability in each group. HT22 cells were collected after 24 h of treatment to extract RNA and metabolites for metabolite detection and transcriptome analysis. The extracted HT22 cell metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), differentially expressed metabolites, and trend analysis to obtain the key metabolites. The RNA of HT22 cells was analyzed by sequence alignment and differentially expressed genes to obtain the differentially expressed genes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis were performed for the above key metabolites and differentially expressed genes to obtain the key genes involved in propofol-induced neurotoxicity. Results The viability of HT22 cells decreased with the increase in propofol concentration (t=11.40-97.25,P

Background: Depression and anxiety are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders worldwide, affecting individuals of all ages. The co‐occurrence of these disorders often exacerbates their negative health impacts, underscoring the necessity of understanding their comorbid mechanisms. Methods: This study employed cross‐lagged panel networks (CLPNs) to explore the longitudinal associations between depression and anxiety symptoms across three age groups and to compare the respective symptom networks. CLPNs were constructed through cross‐temporal associations between different symptoms, reflecting both the pattern of interaction and the significance of specific symptoms in comorbidity. The sample consisted of 1258 adolescents (aged 13–19 years, M = 15.98), 1118 college students (aged 17–24 years, M = 19.94), and 548 older adults (aged 60–101 years, M = 85.19) from China. Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the subscales of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale Short Version (DASS‐21) at two time points over a 6‐month period during 2020–2021. Results: The findings revealed that the prevalence of depression and anxiety in adolescents, college students, and older adults was 25.9%/46.6%, 53.7%/61.5%, and 7.2%/22.5%, respectively. The network structure varied across age groups: adolescents and college students exhibiting a tight interconnection between depression and anxiety symptoms, while older adults showed stronger small‐world network characteristics. A key finding across all age groups was the central role of irrational fear. In addition, somatic anxiety symptoms frequently emerged as outcomes of other psychological symptoms. Conclusion: Depression and anxiety are more pronounced in college students compared to adolescents and older adults. Comparisons of the overall network structure provide insights into the lifelong trajectories of depression and anxiety symptom networks. The centrality of irrational fears and somatization symptoms is emphasized. These results offer guidance for more targeted clinical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This current phase II clinical trial was to compare the effect and safety of adamgammadex, a new cyclodextrin-based selective relaxant binding agent, with sugammadex to reverse rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block. Patients were randomised to receive adamgammadex (4 or 6 mg kg−1) or sugammadex (2 mg kg−1, as a positive control group) at the reappearance of the second twitch (T2) in response to TOF stimulation. The standard safety data were collected. The 4 mg kg−1 (n = 16) and 6 mg kg−1 (n = 20) adamgammadex- and 2 mg kg−1 (n = 20) sugammadex-induced recovery time of TOF ratio to 0.9 were 2.3, 1.6, and 1.5 min, respectively (p = 0.49). The 4 mg kg −1 adamgammadex-induced median recovery time was longer than that of 2 mg kg−1 sugammadex (p = 0.01), and there was no difference between the 6 mg kg −1 adamgammadex group and 2 mg kg−1 sugammadex group (p = 0.32). Then, the number of patients who experienced adverse events (AEs) was 6, 11, and 14 for adamgammadex at 4, 6 mg kg−1 and sugammadex at 2 mg kg−1, respectively. The treatment emergent AEs that occurred more than twice were detailed as follows: incision site pain, hypotension, emesis, fever, throat pain, blood bilirubin increase, abnormal T-wave of ECG, dizziness, incision site swelling, postoperative fever, expectoration, and nausea. For drug-related AEs, the increased urine acetone bodies and first-degree atrioventricular block were observed in two patients from sugammadex group. Then, the previously reported AEs were not observed in this study, including anaphylaxis, haemorrhage, recurarization, abnormal basic vital signs, or lengthened QRS intervals and QT intervals. Adamgammadex was found to be effective for reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block as sugammadex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to probe the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of propofol on HT22 cells. HT22 cells treated with different concentrations were sequenced, and then the results of the sequencing were analyzed for dynamic trends. Expression pattern clustering analysis was performed to demonstrate the expression of genes in the significant trend modules in each group of samples. We first chose the genes related to the trend module for WGCNA analysis, then constructed the PPI network of module genes related to propofol treatment group, and screened the key genes. Finally, GSEA analysis was performed on the key genes. Overall, 2,506 genes showed a decreasing trend with increasing propofol concentration, and 1,871 genes showed an increasing trend with increasing propofol concentration. WGCNA analysis showed that among them, turquoise panel genes were negatively correlated with propofol treatment, and genes with Cor R >0.9 in the turquoise panel were selected for PPI network construction. The MCC algorithm screened a total of five key genes (CD86, IL10RA, PTPRC, SPI1, and ITGAM). GSEA analysis showed that CD86, IL10RA, PTPRC, SPI1, and ITGAM are involved in the PRION_DISEASES pathway. Our study showed that propofol sedation can affect mRNA expression in the hippocampus, providing new ideas to identify treatment of nerve injury induced by propofol anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, deep learning approaches with various network architectures have drawn significant attention from the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) community because of their great potential for image reconstruction from undersampled k-space data in fast MRI. However, the robustness of a trained network when applied to test data deviated from training data is still an important open question. In this work, we focus on quantitatively evaluating the influence of image contrast, human anatomy, sampling pattern, undersampling factor, and noise level on the generalization of a trained network composed by a cascade of several CNNs and a data consistency layer, called a deep cascade of convolutional neural network (DC-CNN). The DC-CNN is trained from datasets with different image contrast, human anatomy, sampling pattern, undersampling factor, and noise level, and then applied to test datasets consistent or inconsistent with the training datasets to assess the generalizability of the learned DC-CNN network. The results of our experiments show that reconstruction quality from the DC-CNN network is highly sensitive to sampling pattern, undersampling factor, and noise level, which are closely related to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and is relatively less sensitive to the image contrast. We also show that a deviation of human anatomy between training and test data leads to a substantial reduction of image quality for the brain dataset, whereas comparable performance for the chest and knee dataset having fewer anatomy details than brain images. This work further provides some empirical understanding of the generalizability of trained networks when there are deviations between training and test data. It also demonstrates the potential of transfer learning for image reconstruction from datasets different from those used in training the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explored the relationship between elementary school students' mindfulness and academic burnout from dynamic and longitudinal perspectives, as well as the mediating role of perceived teacher support. A total of 193 elementary school students in grades 3–6 were recruited. The results of the follow-up survey showed that one dimension of perceived teacher support, i.e. learning support, mediated the relationships between mindfulness and academic burnout. The results of the daily diary showed that perceived teacher support mediated the dynamic relationship between the observing dimension of state mindfulness and academic burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opioids are widely used in clinical practice by activating opioid receptors (OPRs), but their clinical application is limited by a series of side effects. Researchers have been making tremendous efforts to promote the development and application of opioids. Fortunately, recent studies have identified the additional effects of opioids in addition to anesthesia and analgesia, particularly in terms of organ protection against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, with unique advantages. I/R injury in vital organs not only leads to cell dysfunction and structural damage but also induces acute and chronic organ failure, even death. Early prevention and appropriate therapeutic targets for I/R injury are crucial for organ protection. Opioids have shown cardioprotective effects for over 20 years, especially remifentanil, a derivative of fentanyl, which is a new ultra-short-acting opioid analgesic widely used in clinical anesthesia induction and maintenance. In this review, we provide current knowledge about the physiological effects related to OPR-mediated organ protection, focusing on the protective effect and mechanism of remifentanil on I/R injury in the heart and other vital organs. Herein, we also explored the potential application of remifentanil in clinical I/R injury. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the use of remifentanil to inhibit or alleviate organ I/R injury during the perioperative period and provide insights for opioid-induced human organ protection and drug development. [Display omitted] • Opioids not only have anesthetic effects but also can protect against I/R injury. • Remifentanil inhibits calcium overload, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. • Remifentanil can reduce I/R injury of many important organs such as heart. • Remifentanil is potential candidate drug for alleviating clinical organ I/R injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]