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Objective: Nutrition and physical activity are key components of daily diabetes care in young children with type I diabetes (T1D). Normative developmental behavioral challenges related to nutrition and physical activity complicate management of T1D. The current pilot study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and indications of behavior change of an intervention aimed at improving nutrition and physical activity in young children with T1D. Method: Thirty-6 parents of young children (ages 2-5 years, M - 4.2) with T1D from 2 clinics in the Washington, DC area were randomized to receive the type One Training (TOTs) program or Usual Care (UC). Assessments included recruitment and completion rates, participant acceptability, and outcomes including glycemic variability via continuous glucose monitoring, nutritional intake via remote food photography, physical activity via accelerometers, and parental report on behavior and psychosocial functioning. Results: Despite recruitment challenges, the TOTs program was feasible to administer, with high program and assessment completion rates. Acceptability ratings were very high but differed by recruitment site. Participants randomized to TOTs had an increase in percent of time in target glycemic range and reduction in behavioral feeding problems between baseline and follow-up while those randomized to UC did not. Participants in UC demonstrated a decrease in in moderate to vigorous physical activity at follow-up. Conclusions: The TOTs program demonstrated preliminary feasibility and acceptability. Future research will examine components of treatment for evidence of efficacy and target the intervention to those most likely to benefit. Keywords: type 1 diabetes, young children, parents, eating, Type I diabetes (T1D) occurs in 1 in 500-600 children and incidence is increasing annually, with higher growth in young children ages 0-9 years (Dabelea et al., 2014; Mayer-Davis et [...]

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma with poor prognosis due to late recurrence and metastasis. Metastasis is an important prognostic factor of SS. This study aimed to identify the core genes and mechanisms associated with SS metastasis. Microarray data for GSE40021 and GSE40018 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. 186 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The biological functions and signalling pathways closely associated with SS metastasis included extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and ECM‐receptor interaction. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that the terms cell cycle, DNA replication, homologous recombination and mismatch repair were significantly enriched in the metastasis group. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis identified the most relevant module and 133 hub genes, and 31 crossover genes were identified by combining DEGs. Subsequently, four characteristic genes, EXO1, NCAPG, POLQ and UHRF1, were identified as potential biomarkers associated with SS metastasis using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm and validation dataset verification analysis. Immunohistochemistry results from our cohort of 49 patients revealed visible differences in the expression of characteristic genes between the non‐metastatic and metastatic groups. Survival analysis indicated that high expression of characteristic genes predicted poor prognosis. Our data revealed that primary SS samples from patients who developed metastasis showed activated homologous recombination and mismatch repair compared to samples from patients without metastasis. Furthermore, EXO1, NCAPG, POLQ and UHRF1 were identified as potential candidate metastasis‐associated genes. This study provides further research insights and helps explore the mechanisms of SS metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to summarize the impact of the multidisciplinary tumor board as a tool or mechanism for orthopedic oncology care, to highlight its evolution and changing role over time, to assess its strengths and weaknesses, and to report our institutional experience as an NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center. Methods: We reviewed the relevant literature about multidisciplinary tumor boards in orthopedic oncology, and summarized the articles to provide a summary of the topic. Additionally, we retrospectively reviewed our electronic medical records to analyze the distribution, characteristics, and numbers of the cases that were discussed. Results: Our retrospective institutional review revealed a total of 1178 individual patients discussed between August 2018 and August 2023. There was an even distribution of patients by sex, with 549 female (50.2%) patients and 544 male (49.8%). Diagnoses peaked in the second and sixth decades of life (189 and 175 patients, respectively). The majority of patients were discussed once (55%) or twice (21%). The most common neoplastic diagnosis that was presented in these meetings was giant cell tumor of bone (n = 51). Osteosarcoma (n = 41) was the most common diagnosis among the primary malignant bone tumors, and liposarcomas (n = 41) were the most frequently discussed soft tissue sarcoma histology. Conclusion: Tumor boards have played a central role in cancer care for almost a century. Our experience at an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center has yielded a review of over a thousand individual cases in only a 5-year span of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Accurately diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTI) in children with neuropathic bladders can be difficult given the lack of specificity of both clinical symptoms and routine screening tests. We aimed to identify a priori unknown classes/groups of children with neuropathic bladder with respect to symptoms and UA results and examine their relationships with odds of UTI. Methods We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify unobserved classes/groups of children with neuropathic bladder based on symptoms and urinalysis (UA) results, respectively. Demographic and clinical data were gathered by retrospective chart review of a cohort with neuropathic bladder. Symptoms and UA results were obtained by chart review of visits where urine culture was ordered. Results Around 193 patients were included in UA results analysis and 179 in symptom-based analysis. Two latent classes of patients were identified with respect to symptoms, labeled 'pyelonephritis class' and 'cystitis class,' and two, with respect to UA results, were labeled 'positive UA class' and 'negative UA class.' The pyelonephritis class had significantly higher odds of UTI compared to the asymptomatic class. While odds of UTI in cystitis class were higher than the asymptomatic class, this difference was not statistically significant. Positive UA class had significantly higher odds of UTI compared to negative UA class. Conclusion Two unobserved classes/groups exist in children with neuropathic bladder with respect to symptoms, corresponding to cystitis and pyelonephritis, and two classes of UA results that correspond with either a positive or negative UA. Our results suggest a differential approach to treatments may be considered., Author(s): Catherine S. Forster [sup.1] , Jichuan Wang [sup.2] [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.239560.b, 0000 0004 0482 1586, Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Health System, , 111 Michigan Ave NW, [...]

In order to study the effects of different irrigation amounts on the root characteristics and yield of cotton without film mulching (abbreviated as filmless cotton) under drip irrigation in Southern Xinjiang, five irrigation amounts of filmless cotton (300, 375, 450, 525 and 600 mm, represented by W1, W2, W3, W4 and W5) and one irrigation amount of cotton with film mulching (abbreviated as filmed cotton) (450 mm, represented by WCK) were set. The effects of irrigation amount on root length density (RLD), root surface area (RSA), root average diameter (RAD), root volume (RV), root weight density (RED) and yield of filmless cotton were analyzed. The results of the two-year experiment showed the following: (1) The indexes of cotton root growth reached the maximum at the flowering and bolling stage, and the growth of soil root in the periphery (30 cm from the main root) and the lower layer (40–60 cm soil layer) reached the peak at the flowering and bolling stages, respectively; (2) The average value of root growth index of film-free cotton in each treatment was W2 > W3 > W4 > W5 and W1. The RLD of W2 and W3 increased by 19.41–106.67% and 13.66–84.22% in the peripheral and lower soil layer, and the proportion of RSA in the peripheral and middle soil layer (20–40 cm soil layer) increased by 1.64–3.41% and 0.49–4.09% compared with other treatments. The RAD, RV and RWD after W2 treatment were relatively large at various distribution points in the soil, followed by W3 treatment; (3) The average root indexes of WCK were not significantly different from those of W3, but the indexes of the lower soil layer were the smallest, at only 29.18–66.84% of the average value of the non-film mulching treatment, while the root indexes of the surface layer (0–20 cm soil layer) and the surrounding soil were larger, with an increase of 11.43–102.17% and 29.60–111.57%, respectively, compared with the non-film mulching treatment; (4) The seed cotton yield of W3 was the highest in the non-film mulching treatment, reaching 4833.25 kg·hm−2, but was still lower than that of WCK by 27.79%. Conclusion: An appropriate water deficit is conducive to root growth and increases the uniformity of its distribution in the soil layer. The irrigation amount of 375–450 mm for filmless cotton in Southern Xinjiang can promote root growth, prevent senescence and increase yield, which can be used as a reference in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, severe hailstorms have caused damage to cotton leaves and stalks. In order to identify the effects of cotton leaf damage on its dry matter accumulation, protective enzyme activity and yield in different periods, in this experiment, different intensities of hail were simulated by manual leaf cutting. In this study, the effects of leaf damage on dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll fluorescence, POD (peroxidase), SOD (superoxide dismutase) and MDA levels (malondialdehyde), and yield of cotton were studied in field experiments at three stages (bud, full bud and flower boll stages) and in sub-plots with different artificial defoliation intensities (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). Removing the leaf sources had differently sized effects on the "sink" at each stage, and these are ordered as follows: flowering and boll stage > full bud stage > pregnancy stage. The greater the intensity of leaf removal, the greater the impact on the "sink". Among them, after removing 50% of the leaves at the full bud stage, the total dry matter of the cotton plant increased by 12.46% compared to that of the control, and the boll formation rate per plant increased by 14.99%, resulting in overcompensation. Mo, Vj and φDo all showed a tendency to decrease and then increase with the increase in defoliation intensity at different periods of the treatment, and the lowest values of Mo, Vj and φDo, and the largest values of φpo, ψo and φEo were found in the 50% defoliation treatment at the gestational bud stage. The values of ψo and φEo were at the maximum in the 25% defoliation treatment at the full bud stage. The values of Mo and Vj in the different defoliation treatments at the bolling stage showed a tendency to increase and then decrease with the increase in defoliation intensity, with the highest values in the 25% treatment and the smallest values of φpo, ψo and φEo in the 25% defoliation treatment. The POD enzyme activity level was elevated in the defoliation treatments at the three different periods, and the highest value was observed in the 50% defoliation group at the full bud and boll stages, which is a reflection of supercompensation. The SOD enzyme activity level tended to increase with the intensity of defoliation, and defoliation at the gestational and full bud stages first enhanced and then weakened the stress on the cotton plants. The differences between treatments decreased after 12 weeks. The stress of defoliation on cotton plants was weakened at the boll stage. With the increase in defoliation intensity, the content of MDA showed a gradual increasing trend. The cotton MDA content was higher than that of the other treatments at 75% defoliation at both the post-fertilized bud and full bud stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the increase in media attention on "meth cooking" in rural areas of the United States, little is known about rural stimulant use--particularly, the criminality associated with stimulant use. Data were collected from community stimulant users in rural Ohio, Arkansas, and Kentucky (N = 709). Findings from three logistic regression models indicate that younger stimulant users (M = 32.55, SD = 10.35), those with more convictions, and those who used crack frequently were significantly more likely to have been arrested for committing a substance-related crime, a property crime, or another crime in the 6 months before entering the study. Implications include the need for longitudinal studies to further understand rural stimulant use, as well as increased community and corrections-based drug abuse prevention and treatment interventions for stimulant users who live in rural areas. (Contains 4 tables.)