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This article examines the use of prompt-based lexical collocations in opinion essays by Vietnamese English as a foreign language (EFL) students. Fifty second-year English majors at a Vietnamese university wrote 100 opinion essays on two topics as progress tests. The AntConc programme (Anthony, 2020) was employed to identify the frequencies of use of the prompt-based lexical collocations in the essays. Paraphrases of the target lexical collocations were further identified and calculated for their occurrences. The AntConc concordance lines that target the prompt-based collocations or paraphrases were analysed for errors, with the consultation of the Oxford Collocations Dictionary (OCD), the British National Corpus (BNC), and the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The results revealed that students repeated the source lexical collocations and replaced them with various word combinations, though recycling occurred to a greater extent. Erroneous use involved use of i) incorrect word combinations, mainly through wrong choice of verbs, adjectives, or nouns that do not collocate with adjacent words and ii) incorrect grammatical forms of the individual lexical words of the target collocations (i.e., omission of plural marker --s, misuse of parts of speech). Pedagogical implications are discussed to assist students in using lexical collocations appropriately in L2 writing.

Abstract Background In Vietnam, there is a paucity of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) research on people with depression as well as a lack of evidence on supported self-management (SSM) intervention for depression on HRQoL. This study aimed to compare the HRQoL of people with depression and age-matched people in the Vietnamese population, evaluate the effects of Tele-SSM intervention on HRQoL, and examine the association between the changes in HRQoL score and mental health well-being (depression, anxiety, and stress). Methods This study was a pre- and post-study involving Vietnamese adults aged 18–64 who had depression symptoms (score ≥ 5 points in the PHQ-9). Participants (N = 58) completed Tele-SSM—a supported self-management intervention incorporating cognitive behavioral therapy and non-violent communication and using a task-shifting approach. To compare with the general population, we conducted a 1-to-1 matching by age with an EQ-5D-5L valuation study with a nationally representative sample of the Vietnamese general population. Results HRQoL was significantly impaired in people with depression compared to the age-matched general population. Regarding health profile, participants reported the most difficulties in usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression dimensions. Significant improvements were observed in HRQoL scores post-intervention compared to pre-intervention in both EQ-VAS scores (from 59.84 to 79.48) and utility scores (from 0.79 to 0.90). These results remained lower than the age-matched general population (EQ-VAS score = 83.28, utility score = 0.96). Depression was associated with lower HRQoL while controlling for stress, anxiety symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusions These results indicate that HRQoL is significantly impaired in people with depression and contribute to providing empirical evidence of Tele-SSM intervention in improving HRQoL. Further randomized controlled trials should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Tele-SSM intervention.

Abstract Vietnam faces a heightened susceptibility to natural disasters stemming from climate change, yet the impact of these disasters varies markedly across its regions. Consequently, it is imperative to scrutinize the climatic factors affecting the regional economy, with a particular dearth of research addressing the nexus between natural threats and the economies of the Mekong River Delta and the Southeast region of Vietnam. The primary objective is to investigate how temperature fluctuations, rising sea levels, storms, and forest fires can detrimentally affect agriculture, forestry, and infrastructure in these regions. The present research uses the secondary data from Vietnam's General Statistics Office and the German Agency for International Cooperation. Employing quantitative analysis, the study endeavours to assess and compare the influence of climate change elements on the economic trajectories of the Mekong River Delta and the Southeast region. The findings reveal that the Mekong River Delta is disproportionately impacted by economic losses attributed to rising sea levels when juxtaposed with other regions in Vietnam. Firstly, the escalating sea levels significantly jeopardize residential and agricultural land in the Mekong River Delta (1). Secondly, while wildfires inflict damage on forestry in both the Mekong River Delta and the Southeast area, their overall impact is deemed negligible (2). Thirdly, the study ascertains that houses in the Mekong River Delta and the Southeast region remain relatively unscathed by storms (3). However, it is noted that specific storms have inflicted substantial damage on both regions (4). In light of these findings, future research should delve deeper into the analysis of storm risks in the Mekong River Delta and the Southeast region. Such insights are crucial for enhancing our understanding of the vulnerabilities and devising effective strategies to mitigate the economic repercussions of climate change in these pivotal areas.

Background This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of durvalumab as a treatment option for patients with inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from healthcare and partial societal perspectives in Vietnam.Method A lifetime partitioned survival model was used to evaluate the costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with consolidation durvalumab in comparison with the standard of care alone. Local costs and utilities were incorporated into the model. In the base-case analysis, no discount was applied to the acquisition cost of durvalumab. Scenario-based, one-way and probabilistic-sensitivity analyses were conducted.Results The base-case analysis revealed that the intervention resulted in an increase of 1.38 life years or 1.08 QALYs for patients, but the intervention was not deemed cost-effective from either perspective in the base-case analysis. However, with a 70% reduction in the durvalumab acquisition cost, the intervention was observed to be cost-effective when evaluated from a healthcare perspective and when examining the undiscounted results from a partial societal standpoint.Conclusion This study provides evidence regarding the cost-effectiveness of durvalumab for the treatment of inoperable stage III NSCLC in Vietnam for various scenarios. The intervention was not cost-effective at full acquisition cost, but it is important to acknowledge that cost-effectiveness arguments alone cannot solely guide decision-makers in Vietnam; other criteria, such as budget impact and ethical concerns, are crucial factors to consider in decision-making processes.

Objective This study was conducted with the objective of exploring the usage of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes and willingness of health technology assessment (HTA) and public health stakeholders to use the EQ-5D-5L instrument in healthcare decision-making processes in Vietnam.Method In this qualitative study, 11 interviews were held with key stakeholders involved in healthcare decision-making for HTA between June 2021 and June 2022. The interviewees included members of the Vietnamese pharmacoeconomic council and public-health professionals from a diverse array of regions of Vietnam. The data collection involved obtaining verbal consent, warm-up discussions and interviews conducted via Zoom, with subsequent verification by interviewees. The analysis employed a theoretical thematic approach, adopting a deductive methodology to identify and analyse underlying ideas and meanings within the empirical data.Results This study highlights the general importance and viability of HRQOL measures, and more particularly the EQ-5D-5L instrument, in healthcare decision-making in Vietnam. Challenges have been identified, including insufficient recognition, interpretation, standardisation and educational initiatives relating to HRQOL measurements. This study advocates for official training programmes on HRQOL measurements, guidelines for the application of the EQ-5D-5L and an open HRQOL database in Vietnam. Concerns regarding validity and outcome variation in HRQOL measurements underline the necessity for continuous psychometric properties assessments and regular updates to national HRQOL data in the Vietnamese context.Conclusion HRQOL outcomes are important, and Vietnamese stakeholders express a readiness to employ the EQ-5D-5L in healthcare decision-making, especially HTA. Nevertheless, HRQOL measurements, including the EQ-5D-5L, are currently inadequately used in Vietnam, and further efforts are required to improve utilisation.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how Vietnam, Malaysia and Nigeria quality assurance agencies operate towards ensuring quality in higher education institutions. Quality assurance systems was investigated with respect to social demands and it was compared based on the key concepts: autonomy, accountability and improvement. The study relied on qualitative document analysis methods and was conducted on relevant higher education and policy, quality assurance systems of Viet Nam Ministry Education and Training, quality assurance of National Universities Commission, National Board for Technical Education of Nigeria and Malaysian Qualification Agency respectively and their challenges were assessed and compared. There are deals of convergence between Quality Assurance systems of Viet Nam, Malaysia and Nigeria. Viet Nam and Malaysia has a single Quality Assurance system while Nigeria has multi Quality Assurance systems. In all three countries' Quality Assurance systems made achievements in terms of autonomy, accountability and improvement. In Vietnam, Vietnamese Qualification Agency: internal Quality Assurance is embedded within an accreditation system, but still requires a recognition external quality assurance agency. In Malaysia, Malaysian Qualification Agency: internal Quality Assurance is embedded within accreditation system and reduced the involvement of external Quality Assurance agency. In Nigeria, the National Universities Commission, National Board for Technical Education and National Commission for Colleges of Education of Nigeria provides guidelines for higher education institutions to assist build their internal Quality Assurance. Vietnam and Malaysia Quality Assurance experienced accountability being demonstrated for continuous improvement while Nigeria Quality Assurance accountability is seen with invisible improvement due to challenges associated with the quality frameworks. The study gives appreciated vision into Quality Assurance systems and frameworks of higher education institutions and how Quality Assurance responds to the social demands of stakeholders.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia is a special type of acute myeloid leukemia. Patients with this disease are at high risk of complications. Right atrial thrombosis is a rare but potentially serious complication. A 55-month-old girl with acute promyelocytic leukemia M3 was in her last phase of treatment. Radiologic examination revealed an echo structure in the right atrium that was still present after 6 weeks of anticoagulation treatment with enoxaparin. Cardiac surgery was performed to remove the mass, which was found to be a calcified thrombus. Although this is a rare occurrence, recognition of the possibility of a calcified thrombus may minimize misdiagnosis and allow surgical retrieval if the thrombus is sufficiently large.

Abstract Background The pandemic has placed considerable strain on health systems, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), leading to reductions in the availability of routine health services. Emerging evidence suggests that people with disabilities have encountered marked challenges in accessing healthcare services and supports in the context of the pandemic. Further research is needed to explore specific barriers to accessing healthcare during the pandemic, and any strategies that promoted continued access to health services in LMICs where the vast majority of people with disabilities live. Methods Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with persons with disabilities in Ghana, Zimbabwe, Viet Nam, Türkiye (Syrian refugees), Bangladesh, and India as part of a larger project exploring the experiences of people with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic and their inclusion in government response activities. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results This research found that people with disabilities in six countries - representing a diverse geographic spread, with different health systems and COVID-19 responses - all experienced additional difficulties accessing healthcare during the pandemic. Key barriers to accessing healthcare during the pandemic included changes in availability of services due to systems restructuring, difficulty affording care due to the economic impacts of the pandemic, fear of contracting coronavirus, and a lack of human support to enable care-seeking. Conclusion These barriers ultimately led to decreased utilisation of services which, in turn, negatively impacted their health and wellbeing. However, we also found that certain factors, including active and engaged Organisations of Persons with Disabilities (OPDs) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) played a role in reducing some of the impact of pandemic-related healthcare access barriers.

Abstract The present study is concerned with improving the dynamics of a hybrid generation system utilized for feeding an isolated load. The system under study consists of a wind‐driven synchronous generator with permanent magnet type, a fuel cell stack and a storage battery layout used to enhance the system reliability. A detailed design for all system parts is introduced. A new formulated predictive controller is utilized to enhance the performance of synchronous generator in comparison with traditional controllers. The wind turbine power system is designed and adopted a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy to optimally exploit the captured wind energy. An energy management procedure is also considered to balance the power‐sharing between different system units. Extensive performance evaluation analysis is introduced in order to validate the capability of the designed controllers of the generator and fuel cell and check the feasibility of the energy management strategy (EMS) as well. The obtained results approve the capability of the proposed controller with the synchronous generator in achieving better dynamics compared with traditional schemes and confirm the validity of the fuel cell control system in managing the stack power. The results also approve the effectiveness of the designed EMS in preserving a balanced power flow.

Concerns over the spread of non-native species in aquatic environments have led to the need for effective methods to prevent and control their spread while protecting native species. This study investigated the potential of yeast vacuolar enzymes as a natural hatching inhibitor for controlling aquatic organisms. Hatching experiments with Daphnia magna eggs demonstrated that exposure to yeast vacuole enzymes inhibited hatching in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting their potential as an effective inhibitor of egg hatching in aquatic organisms. Interestingly, the protease used for comparative purposes did not inhibit hatching, but instead increased the mortality of hatched D. magna. Additionally, chorionic changes were observed in non-hatched D. magna eggs and zebrafish eggs exposed to yeast vacuole enzymes, suggesting that the enzyme can alter the chorion and interfere with hatching. These findings suggest that yeast vacuolar enzymes may be a promising and natural management tool for controlling the spread of harmful aquatic organisms, and further research is warranted to explore their potential for species-specific control.

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition associated with substantial mortality and hospitalisation, resulting in costly inpatient visits. The healthcare systems of several countries, including Vietnam, experience considerable difficulty in dealing with the enormous fiscal burden presented by HF. This study aims to analyse the direct medical costs associated with HF inpatient treatment from the hospital perspective. Materials and methods: This study retrospectively analysed the electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with HF from 2018 to 2021 at Military Hospital 175 in Vietnam. The sample consisted of 906 hospitalised patients (mean age: 71.2 ± 14.1 years). The financial impact of HF was assessed by examining the direct medical expenses incurred by the healthcare system, and the costs of pharmaceutical categories used in treatment were explored. Results: The cumulative economic burden of HF from 2018 to 2021 was US$1,068,870, with annual costs ranging from US$201,670 to US$443,831. Health insurance covered 72.7% of these costs. Medications and infusions, and medical supplies accounted for the largest expenses, at 29.8% and 22.1%, respectively. The medication HF group accounted for 13.01% of these expenses, of which the costliest medications included nitrates (2.57%), angiotensin II receptor blockers (0.51%), ivabradine (0.39%), diuretics (0.24%), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (0.23%). Comorbidities and the length of hospital stay significantly influenced annual treatment costs. Conclusion: The study reveals that HF significantly impacts Vietnam's healthcare system and citizens, requiring a comprehensive understanding of its financial implications and efficient management of medical resources for those diagnosed. This study highlights the substantial economic burden of HF on Vietnam's healthcare system, with medication costs, particularly antithrombotic drugs, representing the largest expense. Most healthcare costs were covered by health insurance, and expenses were significantly influenced by comorbidity and length of hospital stay. These findings can inform healthcare policy, resource allocation and optimise management strategies in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper introduces a comprehensive dynamic analysis for a renewable energy based water pumping system. The complete system components are described in details. The components include a wind turbine power system, a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), a water pumping system and a battery. The storage system is used to enhance the power delivery under weak wind production which consequently enhances the system reliability. Considering the PMSG as the fundamental power unit in the system, a new predictive control procedure is presented to enhance the PMSG performance. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, a detailed comparison is accomplished between the designed controller and other three traditional controllers to evaluate the most effective in between. A power management scheme is constructed to manage the power flow and ensuring a sufficient power delivery to the pumping system. The obtained results are presented and analyzed in details to compare between the dynamics of the four predictive controllers used to manage the generator operation. The results report that the formulated control scheme has the best performance in terms of the reduced fluctuations, low calculation capacity, structure simplicity and low currents THD. The obtained results also approve the validness of the designed power management strategy in balancing the power flow and stabilizing the DC bus voltage as well.

Industry 4.0 and digital technology has been affecting banking activities in most of bank system in emerging markets, esp. in Vietnam, one of the countries having high economic growth in ASEAN nations; so, quality management of technology issues and cyber security management are rising. There are main technologies in 4.0 revolution to process information including: Big Data database technologies, Cloud Computing, Machine Learning, IoT, AI, Business Intelligence, Data Mining and Blockchain Technologies. These technologies are successively implemented in developed and improved security procedures IT and cybersecurity risk management. Also changes to the operating environment IT can occur suddenly and without warning, such as under the COVID-19 international emergency. As the critical sector financial is adapting to expanded remote operations, there is the potential for increased vulnerabilities and potential amplification of the effect of cybersecurity threats. Therefore, organizations need to own the ability to make in new ICT and cybersecurity investments to quickly and effectively adapt to address unforeseen circumstances for better quality management of technology.

This review of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) studies uses bibliometric analysis and VOSviewer mapping. This study looks at an extensive set of Scopus articles from reliable sources to determine who contributes to ASEAN AR and VR research, the themes, how people work together, and how people cite each other. A study of bibliographies shows that the number of ASEAN AR and VR research articles has grown significantly since 2010. It also talks about important ASEAN study institutions, authors, and countries. The study themes are shown visually on VOSviewer mapping, showing how AR and VR can be used in healthcare, travel, gaming, and business. Co-authorship and reference networks shed light on how people work together on research projects and how ideas move within and outside of ASEAN. This organized review of ASEAN AR and VR research helps researchers, policymakers, and business stakeholders understand the current situation, find research gaps, and work together. The results can change research, resource use, and policy changes to encourage the growth and use of AR and VR technologies in ASEAN. It can lead to more innovation, economic development, and positive social effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper presents a novel predictive voltage control (PVC) for an induction motor (IM) without using a speed sensor. The proposed PVC is formulated using the model predictive control principle in which the stator voltages are directly controlled rather than regulating the flux and torque as in traditional MP DTC. The advantages of the proposed PVC over the commonly used MP DTC scheme are the reduced calculation time, the reduced ripples and the fast dynamic. To realize the sensorless operation of the IM, a robust observer is used to estimate the speed, rotor flux, stator current and stator and rotor resistances. The observer is constructed based on the back-stepping theory. Testing the validness of the proposed sensorless PVC technique is performed in a form of comparison between the PVC and MP DTC procedures. The tests are firstly accomplished using the Matlab/Simulink software; then, a dSPACE 1104 test board is utilized for the experimental validation. The simulation and experimental results show that the IM dynamics are effectively enhanced when applying the proposed PVC in comparison with the MP DTC performance. The back-stepping observer (BSO) also proved its ability to estimate the specified variables for different operating speeds and under parameters variation as well.

The study aimed to estimate the cost for developing and implementing 2 smoking cessation service delivery models that were evaluated in a 2-arm cluster randomized trial in Commune Health Centers (CHCs) in Vietnam. In the first model (4As) CHC providers were trained to ask about tobacco use, advise smokers to quit, assess readiness to quit, and assist with brief counseling. The second model included the 4As plus a referral to Village Health Workers (VHWs) who were trained to provide multisession home-based counseling (4As + R). An activity-based ingredients (ABC-I) costing approach with a healthcare provider perspective was applied to collect the costs for each intervention model. Opportunity costs were excluded. Costs during preparation and implementation phase were estimated. Sensitivity analysis of the cost per smoker with the included intervention’ activities were conducted. The cost per facility-based counseling session ranged from USD 9 to USD 11. Cost per home-based counseling session at 4As + R model was USD 4. The non-delivery cost attributed to supportive activities (eg, Monitoring, Logistic, Research, General training) was USD 107 per counseling session. Cost per smoker ranged from USD 6 to USD 451. The study analyzed and compared cost of implementing and scaling community-based smoking cessation service models in Vietnam.

In this work, a novel self-organizing interval type-2 fuzzy cerebellar model articulation controller design for chaotic systems synchronization is presented. A function-link network and an asymmetric-membership function are employed to improve the learning ability and flexibility of the proposed network. The gradient-descent method is used to derive the adaptive laws for online updating the network parameters. Suitable learning rates for adaptive laws can be achieved by employing the modified Jaya algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed self-organizing algorithm is used to generate new fuzzy rules or delete less-active fuzzy rules. The control system's exponential stability is analyzed by applying the Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical simulations on the synchronization of four-dimensional chaotic systems (considering external disturbances and system uncertainties) are conducted to validate the efficiency and performance of the proposed method.

This article presents a novel method for identification of synchronous generator parameters that is based on sudden short-circuit test data and a novel metaheuristic algorithm, called the adaptive black widow optimization algorithm. Unlike traditional methods defined by IEEE and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards, which rely on the armature current oscillogram, the method proposed in this article uses the field current waveform during the short-circuit test. Moreover, the standard graphical method for extraction of the generator parameters is replaced by an effective metaheuristic algorithm. The proposed algorithm tends to minimize the normalized sum of squared errors (NSSE) between simulation and experimental results. The applicability and accuracy of the proposed optimization technique are verified using experimentally obtained results from a 100-MVA synchronous generator at the Bajina Basta hydropower plant.

This article proposes a new approach to design a fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme for tracking the optimal power of wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). In this article, the considered fault will not only impact on actuator but also sensors. As the fault severely affects the performance of WECSs, the FTC are required to be worked accurately and effectively. The polynomial observer, as a part of the proposed FTC system, is synthesized to estimate the aerodynamic torque, electromagnetic torque, and fault simultaneously without using sensors to measure. The information of these parameters is sent back to the LQR (Linear Quadratic Regular) controller of WECSs. Both fault and aerodynamic torque in this study are unnecessary to fulfil any constraint. It should be noted that WECSs is reconstructed to a new form based on the descriptor technique, then the observer will design for this new form instead of the original system. Based on Lyapunov methodology and with the aid of SOS (Sum-Of-Square) technique, the conditions for polynomial observer design are derived in the main theorems. Finally, the simulation results have proved the effectiveness and merit of the proposed FTC method.

This paper proposes an enhanced cyber secure energy and data transaction framework for the optimal operation and management of the smart city. Recently, the concept of smart city within the power systems has taken the center stage. Although the power system full monitoring and accessibility is guaranteed through the smart city concept, the risk of cyber-attacks to the system has been promoted, severely. With this in mind, in this paper an effective smart city model including the smart grid, smart transportation systems (STSs) that consist of the metro and electric vehicles (EVs), microgrid and smart energy hub (EH) is presented. In the proposed model, an improved directed acyclic graph (DAG) approach is represented in order to enhance the security of data transaction within the smart city. In this approach, a security layer is added to the blockchain which will prevent the cyber hackers access to the system information. An effective energy management schedule is also developed in this paper. To do so, an intelligent priority selection (IPS) based on advanced math operators is provided to allocate the metro-owned charging stations (MCSs), optimally. Furthermore, the unscented transform (UT) is utilized to handle the uncertainty of the system parameters. The results showed that the proposed IPS could improve the method CPU time over 75% compared to other well-known meta-heuristic methods in the area. Moreover, the results showed that the proposed framework has remarkably reduced the run time and increased the accuracy of the solution compared to the other meta-heuristic algorithms.

This study presents a multilayer interval type-2 fuzzy controller for controlling quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicles, and its main contribution is the design of a multilayer structure in the membership function, which can improve the learning ability and flexibility of the designed network. With the multilayer structure, the proposed network can reduce the number of rules while ensuring the control system performance. Also, the proposed network parameters are updated online using adaptive laws, which are obtained using the gradient descent method, and a Lyapunov stability function is used to guarantee system stability. Furthermore, the learning rates of the proposed network are optimized using the Jaya algorithm. Numerical experimental results were conducted on the trajectory tracking control of a quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicle to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

This study proposes a sustainability assessment framework for managing the water resources of the Vietnamese portion of the Srepok River Basin (VSRB). A sustainability hierarchy was developed using five, ten, seven and five sustainability indicators to characterize economic, environmental, social and management dimensions of the basin's water resources. Reliable weights for each of these sustainability components were assigned using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process evaluations of judgements obtained from five highly experienced experts. The sustainability levels were ranked in increasing order of Management > Economic > Environment > Social, allowing a composite sustainability index to be assessed. By taking into account economic, environmental, social and management perspectives, the assessment provides a comprehensive understanding of the sustainability of water resources in the VSRB. Highlights: We assessed a multi‐faceted sustainability framework for river basin water resources.Reliable weights of components were derived by acceptably consistent expert judgments.Enhancing irrigation system capacity is essential for better economic performance.Irrigation saving technique should be highly encouraged for environmental sustainability.Reducing the number of people affected by floods and droughts strengthens social sustainability.Management performance is essential to strengthen th\e integrated water sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is an urgent need to carry out a costing exercise of the National Plan of Action for Nutrition (NPAN) 2017–2020 since the costing of nutrition-sensitive interventions was not entirely integrated and proved difficult to track the different sectors’ contributions to the nutrition program. Objective: To estimate the required budget for the activities of the NPAN in 2017–2020. Methods: A standard ingredients approach activity-based costing was employed from the provider perspective. Results: The budget amount required for the NPAN activities in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 would be US$ million 269.0; 310.5; 350.2 and 378.1, respectively. State budgets (especially from Ministry of Health) would be the main funding source for the NPAN. The budget required for implementing nutrition-sensitive interventions would be the largest share (more than 90%) while less than 10% are required for nutrition-specific interventions. The four interventions requiring the largest budget proportion (in 2020) included 1) Micronutrient supplementation (28.3%); 2) Breastfeeding & complementary feeding (21.9%); 3) Treatment of severe acute malnutrition (15.6%); and 4) Disease prevention and management (13.4%). Conclusions: Based on the data from Vietnam National Health account and the data on GDP of Vietnam, the total required budget for the Vietnam NPAN 2017 (USD millions 5,082) as shares of the State budget for health, total State (Government) budget, and GDP would be 5.29%, 0.49% and 0.14%, respectively. From the estimation, Vietnam represents the nutrition strategy which prioritized on nutrition-sensitive actions, similar to most of the SUN Movement member countries.

This study discusses haiku in relation to Vietnam. In 2007, the first Japanese-Vietnamese haiku contest, held in Ho Chi Minh City, attracted not only Vietnamese scholars of Japanese literature but also members of the general public. Since then, Vietnamese- language haiku has gained in popularity. Many Vietnamese haiku lovers tend to express an interest in the aesthetic sides of the haiku’s short forms, with rare use of the 5-7-5 word structure and linguistic minimalism. Though a departure from specific features of Japanese haiku such as kigo (season words), sensitivity to the seasons and simple expression techniques, Vietnamese haiku has developed its own variations. The purpose of this study is to highlight the characteristics of Vietnamese haiku with excerpts from representative poems. Whether or not it employs the 5-7-5 structure or seasonal words, there is no doubt that haiku has increased in popularity and enjoyment in Vietnam.

The parametric variation of nonlinear systems remains a significant drawback of automatic system controllers. The Proportional–Integral(PI) and Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) are the most commonly used controllers in industrial control systems. However, with the evolution of these systems, such controllers have become insufficient to compete with the complexity of the systems. This problem can be solved with the help of artificial intelligence, and especially with the use of optimization algorithms, which allow for variable gains in PID controllers that adapt to parametric variation. This article presents an analytical and experimental study of the Direct Torque Control (DTC) of a Doubly-Fed Induction Motor (DFIM). The speed adaptation of the DFIM is achieved using a PID controller, which is characterized by overshoots in the speed and ripples in the electromagnetic torque. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) within the DTC shows very good robustness in speed and torque by reducing torque ripples and suppressing overshoots. The simulation of the GA-DTC hybrid control in MATLAB/Simulink confirms the improvement offered by this strategy. The validation and implementation of this strategy on the dSPACE DS1104 board are in good agreement with the simulation results and theoretical analysis.