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Objective There is limited experience regarding the use of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) and JAK inhibitor (JAKi) for the management of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)-induced inflammatory arthritis. We aimed to assess their efficacy and safety in this setting.Methods Using the Club Rhumatismes and Inflammation French network, we conducted a multicentre, retrospective, observational study of patients with cancer diagnosed with inflammatory arthritis under ICI(s) and treated with bDMARD or JAKi. Clinical data were collected using a standardised case report form.Results Twenty patients (60% men, median age 69.5 years) were included, with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-like (n=16), polymyalgia rheumatica-like (n=2) or psoriatic arthritis-like (n=2) clinical presentation. Two patients had pre-existing RA. 90% were treated with glucocorticoids as first-line therapy and 60% received methotrexate prior to bDMARD or JAKi. Anti-interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) therapy was used in 13/20 patients (65%), leading to clinical improvement in 11/13 patients (85%), but one patient experienced intestinal perforation and cancer progression was noticed in 6/13 patients (46%). Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors were used in 5/20 patients (25%), with improvement in 4/5 patients (80%) and cancer progression was observed in 3/5 patients (60%). Two infections (diverticulitis and pneumonitis) were reported. Anakinra, baricitinib and ustekinumab were each used in one patient. Median duration of the bDMARD or JAKi was 17 weeks.Conclusion Anti-IL-6R therapy is currently the most common strategy in patients with ICI-induced inflammatory arthritis and insufficient response to glucocorticoids and methotrexate, leading to improvement in >80%. Overall, cancer progression occurred in about half of patients and whether the bDMARD/JAKi impacted the tumour response remains to be determined.

Electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were prepared by electrospinning of a polyacrylonitrile solution followed by convenient stabilization and carbonization thermal treatments. By observations of scanning electron microscopy, a mat of interlaced continuous submicronic fibers was detected. Characterization by Raman spectroscopy demonstrated the successful preparation of a carbon material and the influence of the heating-treatment temperature on the structure of the resulting CNFs. The novelty of the approach relies in the easy handling of the resulting electrospun mat electrode that does not require addition of any polymer binder or conductive material. This is the first time that electrospun conductive fibers are envisaged as electrode supports for redox enzymes immobilization applied to bioelectrocatalytic O2reduction. The most interesting thing is the remarkable benefit effect of the CNFs on the electrical performances of the electrode which can ascribe to high loading of active enzymes and fast kinetics at the electrode surface. The remarkably intensified current density (∼1 mA cm−2) achieved at the enzymatic CNFs bioelectrode is probably due to the unique nanostructure and surface properties of these nanomaterials that make them promising candidates as enzymatic cathodes in biofuel cell devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the electrostatic and hydrodynamic interactions of colloidal particles in nonpolar solvents. Using blinking optical tweezers, we can extract the screening length, -1, the effective surface potential, e, and the hydrodynamic radius, ah, in a single measurement. We apply this technique to suspensions of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) particles in hexadecane with soluble charge control agents, aerosol sodium di-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate (AOT) and polyisobutylene succinimide (OLOA-1200). We find that the electrostatic interactions of these particles depend sensitively on surface composition as well as on the concentration and chemistry of the charge control agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]