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To address the complex challenge of global antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a pandemic treaty should include mechanisms that 1) equitably address the access gap for antimicrobials, diagnostic technologies, and alternative therapies; 2) equitably conserve antimicrobials to sustain effectiveness and access across time and space; 3) equitably finance the investment, discovery, development, and distribution of new technologies; and 4) equitably finance and establish greater upstream and midstream infection prevention measures globally. Biodiversity, climate, and nuclear governance offer lessons for addressing these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on the importance of mechanisms underlying an ability to behave ethically in the situation of public health emergency (PHE) preparedness and responsiveness planning. An overview of the general idea underlying reciprocity is provided in the article. The author infers that the mechanisms underlying an ability to behave ethically may be useful component of PHE preparedness and responsiveness planning.

The article presents comments on the paper "A plea for pragmatism in clinical research ethics," by D.H. Brendel and F.G. Miller, published in the Volume 8 of the "American Journal of Bioethics." It mentions that Brendel and Miller take the most distinctive commitment in their pragmatic approach to be treating ethical principal as having a hypothetical status. It argues that the most fruitful approach towards a pragmatic bioethical framework involves a reasons-based approach.

The article discusses the inseparability of politics and religion in the critique of neoconservative biotechnology. According to the author, neoconservatives claim that moral values are the main movers of history because they justify and limit political, social, and economic structures. Modern neoconservatism has been influenced by the religious values of American society and the growing participation of the religious right in the American political system.

The article discusses the impact of functional neuroimaging technology (FNT) in the analysis of loss and damages in tort law. FNT as well as other technologies in the field of medicine provide significant contributions in evaluating the losses and damages in tort claims since psychological harms such as pain and suffering constitute a significant portion of tort claims. The author notes several considerations in identifying the aspects and boundaries of the uses of FNT in tort claims.

The article discusses the regulatory mechanism that permits or prohibits particular kinds of scientific research. It is suggested that the criminal law as a regulatory mechanism is inadequate to keep up with the rapid developments of scientific practice and hinders developmental research. The article also interrogates if moral wrongness is a sufficient justification for legally prohibiting somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT.)

The author comments on several articles on addiction. Recent developments in neuroscience suggest that addicted individuals have substantial impairments in the cognitive control of voluntary behavior. The author differs on the observations that addicts either act on desires that are not conducive to rational action. The author also states that addiction seems to be a prime manifestation of akrasia, in which one fails to be motivated to act in accordance with what one judges ought to be done.