Search

The aim was to review the literature on the importance of micronutrients and water in the diet. Articles were searched on and Pubmed between the years 2013 to 2023. Micronutrients play a primary role in human metabolism and physiology; in maintaining, optimizing health and preventing disease and adequate intake is essential to maintain the body's homeostasis and its physiological functioning. In the case of water, it forms the basis for food production and the sustainable use of this resource is essential to ensure long-term productivity and build resilient capacity in food systems. Therefore, it is concluded that these compounds are essential for the maintenance of the human organism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can induce oxidative stress. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 15 sessions of a HIIT protocol in Wistar rats on oxidative damage markers in different tissues (blood, muscle, liver and heart). Thus, animals weighing 250-300g were used and randomly divided into 2 groups (n=10): Control (CG) and animals submitted to HIIT (TG) through a swimming protocol. The results showed that HIIT increased the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) in TG animals: serum (306.75%), gastrocnemius muscle (259.2%), liver (452.6%) and heart (215%), while the concentration of sulfhydryl groups decreased: serum (40%), gastrocnemius muscle (44.7%), liver (44.6%) and heart (47.2%). Thus, it could be concluded that 15 HIIT sessions altered the redox state of Wistar rats due to increased oxidative damage markers in the analysed tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Motricidade is the property of Silabas Didaticas LDA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Motricidade is the property of Silabas Didaticas LDA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Martial arts have historically played a significant role in the development of societies, serving purposes such as self-defense and warfare. However, the motivations behind practicing martial arts have evolved over time, encompassing social, educational, psychological, health, and competitive aspects. Purpose: This study aims to assess the factors that drive individuals to engage in Brazilian Jiu-jitsu (BJJ), with a specific focus on comparing competitors and non-competitors. Methods: The analysis included a total of forty-seven male BJJ practitioners aged between 18 and 50 years. The participants were divided into two groups for data analysis: competitors (n = 31) and non-competitors (n = 16). To measure exercise motivation, the Exercise Motivation Inventory (EMI-2) questionnaire, validated for use in the Brazilian population, was administered. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis, followed by an independent samples t-test, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The motivational dimensions that had the greatest influence on BJJ practice were Psychological and Physical Condition (index = 4 and 3.5, respectively). They were closely followed by Interpersonal (index = 2.7) and Health and Aesthetics (index = 2.6 for both). However, in the group analysis, the Interpersonal dimension exhibited less relevance among non-competitive practitioners (non-competitors = 2.3 ± 0.73; competitors = 2.9 ± 0.98; p = 0.038). Competitors placed greater importance on factors such as Competition and Social Recognition compared to non-competitors [Competition: competitors = 3.3 ± 1.3; non-competitors = 2 ± 1.2; p = 0.001; Social Recognition: competitors = 2 ± 1.4; non-competitors = 1.1 ± 1.1; p = 0.037]. Moreover, for non-competitive practitioners, the psychological dimension exerted a significantly stronger influence on BJJ practice (non-competitors = 4.4 ± 0.6; competitors = 3.8 ± 1.1; p = 0.009), with stress control being an important contributing factor (non-competitors = 4.4 ± 0.7; competitors = 3.5 ± 1.6; p = 0.013). Conclusion: The factors driving the practice of BJJ can vary between competitors and non-competitors. These findings should be taken into account when designing training programs aimed at fostering motivation for continued participation in sports activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in the body composition of Wistar rats. The HIIT protocol consisted of high-intensity swimming three times a week for four weeks. There were no differences between groups as to the Lee index. However, the weights of the perigonadal (p=0.001) and retroperitoneal (p=0.026) fats were significantly different between the Control Group (CG, n=10) vs. Trained Group (TG, n=10), respectively. There was also a significant increase in the body weight of the animals in TG (16.43%) and CG (7.19%) at the end of the experiment. These findings suggested that HIIT was not sufficient to improve significantly the body composition of rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Strength training causes benefits related to blood pressure and heart rate. However, the consumption of caffeine, used to improve performance in high-performance sports, can interfere with its effects and benefits. The study researches the interference of caffeine consumption during bench press exercise. The results of the study showed that, despite raising blood pressure, it tended to fall after 24 h of exercise, demonstrating the safe use of this supplement in adapted strength sports. Exercise, including resistance exercise with high loads, has positive hemodynamic responses such as reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), Pressure Product Rate (PPR), and estimated myocardial oxygen volume (MVO2). Caffeine (CA), used to improve performance, tends to interfere with BP and HR. This study aimed to analyze the effects of CA supplementation on hemodynamic indicators in Paralympic weightlifting (PP). The exercise was performed on 14 male athletes (32.4 ± 8.5 years; 81.7 ± 21.9 kg) for three weeks. Two conditions were evaluated: supplementation with CA Anhydrous 9 mg/kg and with placebo (PL). The adapted bench press was used, with 5 × 5 at 80% 1RM. We evaluated BP, HR, PPR, and MVO2, before, after, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 min, and 24 h later. The CA presented higher absolute values in the pressure indicators than the PL, and after 24 h there was an inversion. The HR was higher in the CA and showed a reduction after 10 min. The PPR and MVO2 in the CA presented absolute values greater than the PL, and 24 h later there was an inversion. There was no hypotensive effect, but the use of CA did not present risks related to PPR and MVO2, demonstrating the safe use of this supplement in adapted strength sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Paralympic powerlifting (PP) training is typically intense and causes fatigue and alterations in the immune system. Objective: To analyze whether IBU would affect performance and the immune system after training in PP. Methodology: 10 athletes at the national level (NL) and 10 at the regional level (RL) participated in the study, where force and blood indicators were evaluated after training. The study took place over three weeks: (1) familiarization and (2 and 3) comparison between recovery methods, with ibuprofen or placebo (IBU vs. PLA), 800 mg. In the evaluation of the force, the peak torque (PT), fatigue index (FI), and blood immune system biomarkers were analyzed. The training consisted of five sets of five repetitions with 80% of one maximum repetition (5 × 5, 80% 1RM) on the bench press. Results: The PT at the national level using IBU was higher than with PLA (p = 0.007, η2p = 0.347), and the FI in the NL was lower with IBU than with PLA (p = 0.002, η2p = 0.635), and when comparing the use of IBU, the NL showed less fatigue than the regional level (p = 0.004, η2p = 0.414). Leukocytes, with the use of IBU in the NL group, were greater than in the RL (p = 0.001, η2p = 0.329). Neutrophils, in the NL with IBU, were greater than in the RL with IBU and PLA (p = 0.025, η2p = 0.444). Lymphocytes, in NL with IBU were lower than in RL with IBU and PLA (p = 0.001, η2p = 0.491). Monocytes, in the NL with IBU and PLA, were lower than in the RL with IBU (p = 0.049, η2p = 0.344). For hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte, the NL with IBU and PLA were higher than the RL with IBU and PLA (p < 0.05). Ammonia, with the use of IBU in the NL, obtained values higher than in the RL (p = 0.007), and with the use of PLA, the NL was higher than the RL (p = 0.038, η2p = 0.570). Conclusion: The training level tends to influence the immune system and, combined with the use of the IBU, it tends to improve recovery and the immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to estimate the chance of early sports specialization in a school population. A questionnaire on Early Specialization was prepared, and 830 practitioners of different modalities answered demographic data. Participants were recruited from public and private schools. The classification of early specialization was based on selfrating methods and the three-point system. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the chance for sports specialization by type of school is twice as high for public schools in the moderate (OR= 2.06; 95%CI 1.46--2.74) and high (OR= 1. 96; 95%CI 1.19--3.26) than private schools. The points system classified adolescents into levels: low, medium and high specialization, showing 61.8% (n= 495), 29.5% (n= 235), 8.7% (n= 70) respectively. Participants classified themselves as practicing a single (n= 405, 50.6%), or multiple sports (n= 396, 49.4%) through the self-classification system. Therefore, the chance of a student being specialized early is low, and the age variable was not determinant in influencing the specialization of students. However, sports specialization seems to be influenced by gender and school type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate acute responses to oxidative stress (OS) after a single session of two HIIT protocols. 24 Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n= 8): sedentary control (SC), HIIT with a 7-minute volume (LW) and HIIT with 14-min (HW). After the protocol, blood was collected for the measurement of uric acid (UA), and the liver and the gastrocnemius muscle were collected for OS assessment by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (FRAP). The LW and HW groups showed a reduction in hepatic MDA (51.9 and 29.9%; p< 0.05) compared to SC. However, the muscle of the HW group increased the MDA (12.6%; p< 0.05) compared to SC. As for FRAP, LW and HW reduced values (78.3 and 75.3%; p< 0.05) compared to SC, respectively. UA in the LW group was higher when compared to SC (64.7%; p< 0.05), HW group was similar to SC (p> 0.05). Among the different HIIT protocols, the LW group showed an increase in UA compared to the HW group (44%; p< 0.05). Compared to SC, the LW and HW groups did not promote acute OS in the liver tissue. However, HW caused OS in muscle tissue after a single exercise session. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-distance running is an exhausting effort for the whole organism. Prolonged aerobic exercise induces changes in inflammatory markers. However, predicting muscle damage in response has limitations in terms of selecting biomarkers used to measure inflammatory status. The present study conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles focusing in ultra-marathon, marathon, and half-marathon and levels of cytokines. The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, resulting in the inclusion of 76 articles. IL-6 was highlighted, evaluated in 62 studies and show increase in the standard mean difference (SMD): half-marathon (SMD −1.36; IC 95%: −1.82, −0.89, Ch2:0.58; tau2:0.00; p < 0.0001), marathon (SMD −6.81; IC 95%: −9.26, −4.37; Ch2:481.37 tau2:11.88; p < 0.0001) and ultra-marathon (SMD −8.00 IC 95%: −10.47, −5.53; Ch2:328.40; tau2:14.19; p < 0.0001). In contrast meta-regression analysis did not show relationship to the running distance (p = 0.864). The meta-analysis evidenced increase in the concentration of IL-1ra (p < 0.0001), IL-1B (p < 0.0001), IL-8 (p < 0.0001), IL-10 (p < 0.0001) and TNF-α (p < 0.0001). Reduction in IL-2 (p < 0.0001) and INF-y (p < 0.03) and no change in the IL-4 (p < 0.56). The number of studies evaluating the effect of adipokines was limited, however Leptin and Resistin were recurrent. The effects of an acute bout of prolonged aerobic exercise will protect against chronic systemic inflammation. The time to return to baseline values showed a substantial and dose-dependent relationship with run volume. The concentration of IL-6 was robustly studied and the marathon running was the most explored. Network of endocrine interactions in which circulating factors, released in extreme exercises, interplay through inter-organ crosstalk and physiologic changes were expressed. The running volume variability was able to modulate compounds that play a fundamental role in the maintenance of homeostasis and cell signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]