Search

Coastal rice production in Central Java, Indonesia, is hindered by elevated salinity levels. Salinity has an impact on the production of rice and the technical efficiency of farmers in the northern coastal region of Central Java. The Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) model could distinguish the production function, technical efficiency, and inefficiency of rice farming on saline and non-saline soil. Environmental variables such as salinity level and rainfall greatly affect rice farming. The investigation employed data from 225 farmers growing both in saline and non-saline soil. Our investigation unveiled that soil salinity causes a decrease of 29.29 % in rice yield compared to non-salinity. The average technical efficiencies of rice production in saline only reach 73 %, while non-saline soil can reach 80 %. Inefficiency was significantly influenced by social factors such as farmers' age, education, and occupation. Experience and expertise assisted elderly farmers with salinity soil in improving their efficiency. The study emphasizes the importance of cultivating rice varieties with high salinity tolerance, improving irrigation infrastructure, and equipping farmers with up-to-date agricultural techniques. These treatments have the potential to enhance productivity and efficiency in areas that are impacted by salinity. It profoundly impacts Indonesia's strategy, and other nations encounter analogous challenges. Additional study is required to identify sustainable techniques for salinity management in rice agriculture across various locations.

The study aimed to estimate the level of the yield gaps of maize in major producing areas, point out the causes of yield gaps in farmers’ maize fields, and identify opportunities to the existing yield gaps through management practices of maize production in Central Java. This is the strategy for closing the existing yield gaps to achieve food self-sufficiency in agricultural land. Methods to estimates the yield gaps should cover data sources on physical conditions (weather and soil), management practices, and smallholder shapes. The relevant methods for estimating actual yields (Ya), potential (Yp), and water-limited (Yw) were compared. The yield gaps of maize under intensive cropping systems in rainfed ecosystems resulted in significant differences in all cultivation situations. The lowland rainfed maize showed Ya, Yp, and Yw values of 5.57, 12.83, and 12.47 ton/ha, respectively. The major causes of the yield gaps include variety, land preparation, and water issues concerned with the limited water inputs.

Increasing rice yield while improving resource use efficiency is of great importance. This study examines cropping systems globally to highlight areas where rice production can be improved by prioritizing R&D strategies.

The purpose of this study is to identify the important principles of publishing scientific research results, benefits, and systematic review of the constraints and solutions of scientific publications. The discussion of this research focuses on scientific errors in the form of falsification and fabrication. The identification of violations of scientific data distortion includes the character, causes, and prevention perspectives through a holistic approach. The research method used is qualitative research with the type of library research using keywords, namely scientific publication, manuscript, falsification, and fabrication. This study involved a systematic literature search from the online publishing database sources Sciencedirect, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar to find relevant articles published from 2000 to 2020. The study was conducted in September 2020. An electronic search revealed that there were 896 scientific publications published. relevant, of which 42 manuscripts are included in the bibliography. The synthesis of published data that was drawn was sourced from 88% of primary journals from all references, each of which was identified regarding the validity of the data for writing papers. A prospective design was used to maximize the homogeneity of the information extracted from the selected studies, as part of the research instrument. The results of the study found that the obstacles to scientific publications included the quality and novelty of research results, limited English skills, and minimal writing skills. Repeated violations of scientific thought include falsification and fabrication. This scientific error leads to distortion of research data. Individual falsification and fabrication errors are caused by unethical behavior, violations of applicable scientific norms and ethics.

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder disease characterized by a rise of blood sugar due to a decrease of insulin by the pancreas. The role of the family in caring for the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus is crucial in treatment. this study was aimed to know the ability of family in caring. a purposive sampling method was applied in this research. a total of 31 respondents were selected. the results showed that the majority of family's ability to recognize as a problem was good with 16 people ( 51,6 % ), in taking decisions for treatment was positive as much as 19 people (61.3%), in treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients were positive 25 people (80,6%), in modifying the environment for Treatment was negative 18 people (58.1%). therefore, Health education for the family related to modifying the environment for treatment was required to recover the patient.

Abstract: In detecting chemical properties of food, different molecules and ion channels are involved including members of the acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) family. Consistently ASICs are present in sensory cells of taste buds of mammals. In the present study the presence of ASICs (ASIC1, ASIC2, ASIC3 and ASIC4) was investigated in the taste buds of adult zebrafish (zASICs) using Western blot and immunohistochemistry. zASIC1 and zASIC3 were regularly absent from taste buds, whereas faint zASIC2 and robust zASIC4 immunoreactivities were detected in sensory cells. Moreover, zASIC2 also immunolabelled nerves supplying taste buds. The present results demonstrate for the first time the presence of zASICs in taste buds of teleosts, with different patterns to that occurring in mammals, probably due to the function of taste buds in aquatic environment and feeding. Nevertheless, the role of zASICs in taste remains to be demonstrated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

TRPV4 is a nonselective cation channel that belongs to the vanilloid (V) subfamily of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. While TRP channels have been found to be involved in sensing temperature, light, pressure, and chemical stimuli, TPRV4 is believed to be primarily a mechanosensor although it can also respond to warm temperatures, acidic pH, and several chemical compounds. In zebrafish, the expression of trpv4 has been studied during embryonic development, whereas its pattern of TPRV4 expression during the adult life has not been thoroughly analyzed. In this study, the occurrence of TRPV4 was addressed in the zebrafish sensory organs at the mRNA (RT-PCR) and protein (Westernblot) levels. Once the occurrence of TRPV4 was demonstrated, the TRPV4 positive cells were identified by using immunohistochemistry. TPRV4 was detected in mantle and sensory cells of neuromasts, in a subpopulation of hair sensory cells in the macula and in the cristae ampullaris of the inner ear, in sensory cells in the taste buds, in crypt neurons and ciliated sensory neurons of the olfactory epithelium, and in cells of the retina. These results demonstrate the presence of TRPV4 in all sensory organs of adult zebrafish and are consistent with the multiple physiological functions suspected for TRPV4 in mammals (mechanosensation, hearing, and temperature sensing), but furthermore suggest potential roles in olfaction and vision in zebrafish. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a plant that has the potential for mainstream consumers, have a large enough market opportunity and a source of vegetable protein. “Perancis” varieties are local Central Java bean varieties are widely grown in the Bandungan area. “Perancis” varieties not currently provide enough characters clear and complete. Test objectives were (1) to characterize the “Perancis” varieties in order to have a complete character information varieties and (2) to determine distinctness, uniformity and stability of the “Perancis” varieties compared with varieties Gypsie, Spectacular, Balitsa 1, Balitsa 2 and PV 072 using guidelines for the conduct of test for distinctness, uniformity and stability reference beans. Implemented on the Garden Seed Testing Bandungan Horticulture, Central Java with an altitude of 560-800 meters above sea level the place. Materials testing consists of six varieties of beans are “Perancis” varieties and the varieties used for comparison Gypsie, Spectacular, Balitsa 1, Balitsa 2 and PV 072. This research used a randomized block design six varieties of beans are planted side by side on three experimental plots as replications. Parameters observed include 49 characters corresponding guidelines bean plants are divided into the plant character, leaves character, flower character, pods character and seed character. Test results based guidelines, “Perancis” varieties showed eight unique characters compared to varieties of Gypsie, Spectacular, Balitsa 1, Balitsa 2 and PV 072 ie. plant height, leaf color, leaf rugosity, long (including beak) pods, the degree of the pods curvature, the shape of distal part (excluding beak) pods, length of beak pods and curvature of beak pods and “Perancis” varieties have uniformity and stability.

Highlights: [•] Small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel 1 (SK1) plays a key role in excitable cells. [•] SK1 was investigated in the adult zebrafish peripheral nervous system and sensory organs. [•] SK1 was found in sensory and sympathetic neurons, but not enteric neurons. [•] Sensory cells of neuromasts and taste buds, crypt neurons, and photoreceptors contain SK1. [•] SK1 could play a role in the peripheral nervous system and most sensory organs in adult zebrafish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]