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The national movement for accelerating nutrition improvement in the first 1,000 days of life is an effort to strengthen the Indonesian Government's commitment to the national strategic agenda and tackling stunting. This study aimed to determine communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure in implementing the movement at the Biromaru Primary Health Care (PHC) and Loru Village, Sigi District, Indonesia. The mixed method approach was carried out with informants consisting of several parties from the PHC, health cadres, and the local community through triangulation and questionnaires. The results showed poor communication was inhibited by a lack of community outreach, the attitude of the community's lack of participation, and the PHC staff's perceptions (85.14%). There was still insufficient number of health workers as resources (79.73%) who could cover all work areas. While, 75.68% of the health workers considered the disposition to be unfavorable because the incentive budget functioned as an operational budget. Only the bureaucratic structure has been running well, according to 82.43% of PHC staff. Standard operating procedure is required to make the movement run well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social distancing shall be effective to control Covid-19 spread. However, its effectiveness is doubtfully due to late response of authority in a low-resource setting such as Indonesia. This study aims to present the effectiveness of large-sale social restriction (LSSR) as the social distancing policy by analyze the chronological as well as the difference between before and after LSSR implementation in Jakarta, Indonesia. The secondary data analysis was derived from surveillance data for Covid-19 from government authorities, including the Ministry of Health and the local government of Jakarta. Two statuses related to Covid-19 were examined in the study: incidence and suspect. These Covid-19 statuses were presented in daily rates with pre and post of LSSR policy in Jakarta, Indonesia. LSSR policy had just implemented over a month after the first multiple cases found. The number of positive confirmed patients increased significantly after the LSSR (p-value = 0.000; mean difference = -70.532). This study’s findings showed that social distancing was not effective to control Covid-19 incidence which indicates the late response of the authorities.

The underdiagnosis and underreporting of tuberculosis (TB) indicators are unresolved problems. The rapid molecular test (RMT) is one of the breakthroughs for TB case finding by using safer and more sensitive equipment; it is even believed to help find drug-resistant TB. The results of several webinars held regularly by a TB program as well as its evaluation and the use of RMT, formed the basis of this study. This initial pilot study aimed to provide an overview of case finding for both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB using RMT. A cross-sectional study was conducted on samples in several provinces in Indonesia that have used RMT, both in remote or non-remote island borders areas and fiscal capacity. Regarding the use of RMT for drug-sensitive TB case finding, the largest contributors were males aged above 15 years, while in the drug-resistant TB case finding group, the biggest contributor was the use of RMT in 2017 and 2018. Overall, the findings could only describe the situation in the study area. The use of RMT in drug-sensitive TB case finding would be maximized if the detected cases are males aged above 15 years, while RMT can help find cases of drug-resistant TB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important indicators in malaria eradication is the malaria surveillance information system (SISMAL) for recording and reporting medical cases. This paper aims to describe the availability and readiness of SISMALs at primary health centers (PHCs) in Indonesia. A cross-sectional survey was implemented in seven provinces for this study. The data was analyzed using bivariate, multivariate, and linear regression. The availability of the information system was measured by assessing the presence of the electronic malaria surveillance information system (E-SISMAL) at the studied PHCs. The readiness was measured by averaging each component of the assessment. From 400 PHC samples, only 58.5% had available SISMALs, and their level of readiness was only 50.2%. Three components had very low levels of readiness: (1) the availability of personnel (40.9%), (2) SISMAL integration and storage (50.2%), and (3) the availability of data sources and indicators (56.8%). Remote and border (DTPK) areas had a 4% better readiness score than non-DTPK areas. Endemic areas were 1.4% better than elimination areas, while regions with low financial capacity were 3.78% better than regions with high financial capacity, with moderate capacity (2.91%). The availability rate of the SISMAL at PHCs is only 58.5%. Many PHCs still do not have SISMALs. The readiness of the SISMAL at these PHCs is significantly related to DTPK/remote area, high endemicity status, and low financial capacity. This study found that the implementation of SISMAL is more accessible to malaria surveillance for the remote area and regions with low financial capacity. Therefore, this effort will well-fit to address barrier to malaria surveillance in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The household is considered as a private area that is untouched tobacco control policies in developing countries, especially in Indonesia, which has not ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) treaty. Objectives: This study aims to identify smoking behavior and expenditure on cigarettes in the household, which are part of the initiation of a policy including a smoke-free home, so it assumes that the home is a public domain in Tegal Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Methods: This research is an observational study with a quantitative descriptive design. A total of 225 subjects in the seven regions designated as smoke-free areas were all selected as samples in this study and were willing to be the subject of research. Results: The results found that 76.1% of smokers smoked with their nuclear family (wife/children/husband) present. Smoking behavior with the nuclear family inside the home (39.13%) and outside the home (36.96%) was more common than not smoking with the nuclear family. Expenditure for cigarettes per month was one-third of household revenue (IDR 607,521.74) based on the regency minimum wage (UMR) set by the local government. Conclusions: The study concludes that smokers who smoke with family still lack knowledge on smoking's impact on health and household economics. The smoke-free regulation that is initiated should include households as a parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the Bogor City Government regulated to cover the health financing claim during the Indonesian National Health Insurance (NHI) integration period due to the lower amount of health care claim per episode in regional hospitals compared to ones that NHI paid. This study aimed to address post-COVID-19 health financing at two hospitals in Bogor City, West Java Province, Indonesia. Descriptive analysis using the aggregate statistical summaries was taken to explore the medical care episodes of the data series at two hospitals for the last two years. Of the 890 checked medical records data, the deficit occurred in 197 (22.1%) medical care episodes, while five (0.6%) exceeded the hospitals' tariffs. The remaining 688 (77.3%) medical care episodes had suits with the Indonesian-Case Based Groups. Almost a quarter of medical care episodes in aggregate experienced a deficit in the two years before the pandemic. This study is the first to provide new insight into the discussion on medical care financing in a developing country's post-pandemic era in a newlyimplemented NHI system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Shariah hospital aims to provide health services inclusive of the appropriate code of ethics of Sharia, which exceeds the standard of service expected of conservative hospitals. Hospital care depends on the performance of health professionals. The study aimed to assess the relationship between the implementation of the ethical code of Shariah hospitals and the performance of health personnel.Methods: The study is a quantitative analysis that collects cross-sectional data from 119 health personnel respondents in one Shariah hospital in Indonesia. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM).Results: The implementation of the ethical code of Shariah hospitals, whether explicit or implicit, has a significantly positive influence on the performance and well-being of health personnel, which is evident from the t value of 4.31 (more substantial than the t value of 1.960). This implementation should run consistently and with the commitment of all parties.Conclusion: Such insight, in turn, can be counted as an input to an approach to health services, particularly in increasing the performance rates in hospital. This study is the first to provide new insight into discussion about Shariah hospital's code of conduct by presenting its beneficiary to not only improve health personnels' performance but also provide the inclusive health service for all religions and cultures which is essential in further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. A smoke-free environment regional regulation is expected to greatly decrease the negative impact of cigarette smoking in public places; however, community perception of the regulation prior to its implementation remains unclear. Objectives. This research aims to determine community perception and support for the implementation of a smoke-free environment regional regulation in the Tegal municipality. Material and methods. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted in seven zones identified as smoke-free environments under Government Act No. 36 of 2009. Perception and support were determined through surveys using an accidental sampling framework. A total of 226 samples were collected to explore community perception of the demands, obstacles and opportunities surrounding the implementation of a smoke-free environment regional regulation in the Tegal municipality. Results. This study shows that 84.50% of the respondents agreed with (84.50%) and completely (84.96%) supported the implementation of a smoke-free environment regulation in the Tegal municipality. In fact, most of the respondents with an active smoking status (62.50%) also agreed with and supported this regulation. Support for implementation of a smoke-free environment regional regulation was mainly determined by age group. The elderly and adult age group supported the implementation of such a regulation more than the adolescent age group. Furthermore, respondents with fair knowledge, attitude and commitment were 14 times more supportive of the implementation than those with poorer knowledge, attitude and commitment. Conclusions. This research shows that those with an active smoking status also support this regional regulation, which indicates that active smokers understand the importance of protecting people around them from cigarette smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Early assessment of tobacco excise sharing fund as policy for farmers' viable alternatives in Indonesia: case study of four municipalities in Indonesia." The correction addresses an error in the affiliation details for one of the authors, Yayi Suryo Prabandari. The correct affiliation should be 'Department of Health Behavior, Environment and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.' The original article has been updated to reflect this correction. [Extracted from the article]

Although the Republic of Indonesia's government has not yet ratified the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), this nation has started to implement tobacco control care by establishing smoke-free zones (SFZs). We describe and explore the current SFZ activities in Indonesia as well as briefly reviewing tobacco control care in developing countries by examining several documents on the current activities and programs related to SFZ implementation policy in Indonesia. We find that there is evidence supporting current primary activities on tobacco control care, including smoking prevalence, regulation, objectives, and the target of SFZ implementation in Indonesia. The policy introduced seven SFZs, including healthcare facilities, educational settings, children's playgrounds or gathering places for children, places of worship, public transportation, workplaces, and public places. Several developed countries such as the United States have implemented a well-packaged and well-delivered SFZ policy with effective socialization. However, a mutual perception issue is emerging in implementing this policy well from central to local government policies. This essential matter requires study, as there is limited evidence on the barriers and outcomes of its comprehensive implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]