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Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent condition in the pediatric population. An index between the diameter of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and the transverse eyeball transverse diameter (ETD) measured in the tomographic scan has been described in adults, with a cutoff value of ≥0.25 for predicting poor neurologic prognoses. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the index ONSD/ETD with the neurological outcome in children with severe TBI. Subjects and Methods: This was single-center, retrospective study, conducted from March 2021 to November 2022. Patients older than 30 days and up to 16 years of age admitted with severe TBI were included in the study. Measurements of the ONSD/ETD index by cranial tomography were calculated. The population was divided into two groups, one with index ≥0.25 and other with index

Este artículo explora los conceptos de “sick tourism” y “withnessing” en dos obras de teatro patográfico —The Year My Vagina Tried to Kill Me (2016), de Amy Vreeke, y Performing Endometriosis (2022), de Verónica Rodríguez— escritas y representadas respectivamente por Vreeke y Rodríguez, ambas mujeres con endometriosis. La endometriosis es una patología en la cual tejido similar al endometrio (la pared interna del útero) aparece en otros lugares del cuerpo. Este tejido funciona como la menstruación (crece, sangra y se desintegra), pero a diferencia de la misma, se queda atrapado dentro. Metodológicamente, se emplean los estudios del teatro y la performance, los estudios de género con una perspectiva feminista interseccional y las humanidades médicas críticas con el fin de abordar la epistemología corporeizada y ecológica propuesta por estas “pathographical performances” (Brodzinski, 2016), es decir, propuestas teatrales que ponen el foco en la experiencia de la enfermedad. Primero, se examina “lo visual” como un aspecto transversal al teatro y la enfermedad y cómo los casos de estudio escogidos se apropian de lo visual en un entorno en el que la enfermedad de las performers no tiene visibilidad y en el que ellas no son vistas. Segundo, conectando esos fenómenos con la idea de espectador/a, se propone un cambio del “sick tourism”, que se refiere a la idea de “visitar” la enfermedad, y en el caso teatral, quizás, ser testigo/a del proceso patológico de la performer, al “withnessing”, que denota un devenir de la organización de los cuerpos en el que la visión no constituye el eje de relación principal. Se concluye que estos dos ejemplos teatrales de “withnessing” subrayan la existencia de un espacio en el que se contribuye al conocimiento de la enfermedad desde los cuerpos y con los cuerpos.

Este artículo representa el primer paso para demostrar que la akrasia[1] proporciona la característica estructural subyacente en los juicios de culpabilidad o responsabilidad ética y jurídica por actos negligentes; el trabajo explica el fenómeno de la akrasia y compara las concepciones clásicas y contemporáneas de este fenómeno. Argumentamos que actuamos inadvertidamente porque actuamos acráticamente, lo que se explica en términos de un compromiso defectuoso específico del razonamiento práctico por parte del agente ejecutor, es decir, una falta de integración entre el carácter y el pensamiento que debe entenderse como una falla para habitar la perspectiva deliberativa-aspiracional. [1] El término inglés akrasia, que a su vez deriva del griego ἀκρατία, se refiere al estado mental de quien, por debilidad de su voluntad, actúa en contra de su mejor juicio. ¿Cómo traducir esto al español? Acracia es un término similar, pero según la RAE esta palabra significa “Doctrina que propugna la supresión de toda autoridad”, algo así como anarquismo. En este escrito no se alude a la doctrina de la anarquía, sino al estado de intemperancia del agente moral. Entonces, se usará el término akrasia, con s, aunque no está avalada por la RAE, para dejar en claro el sentido del término (N. del T.).

En Puerto Rico, la especialidad de medicina física y rehabilitación surgió en la década de los años cincuenta y a partir de ese momento ha progresado gracias a la creación de programas de adiestramiento de vanguardia, el establecimiento de una cultura de investigación científica y el desarrollo de la especialidad primaria y desubespecialidades como manejo de dolor, medicina del deporte, rehabilitación pediátrica, medicina neuromuscular, medicina de trauma cerebral y medicina de lesiones medulares. La práctica clínica más común es la de atención a pacientes externos con dolor, lesiones musculoesqueléticas y daños en el sistema nervioso, pero se ha presentado un aumento en los servicios de rehabilitación intensiva de pacientes que requieren hospitalización; en el uso de técnicas intervencionistas para manejo de dolor, lesiones de tejido blando y articulares, así como en el manejo de espasticidad. Actualmente, la especialidad de fisiatría en Puerto Rico enfrenta grandes retos, como lo son el control de las aseguradoras sobre los servicios que se les ofrecen a pacientes con impedimentos físicos y restricciones de participación, el incremento en la cantidad de documentos requeridos para que se aprueben estos servicios y la competencia de otros profesionales de la salud que han incursionado en el campo de rehabilitación. Las oportunidades para la especialidad incluyen el aumento de la población mayor y con discapacidad que requiere servicios de rehabilitación; el desarrollo de las prácticas de subespecialidad, y la necesidad de aumentar la evidencia científica que demuestre la efectividad de los tratamientos que se ofrecen y de apoyar las políticas públicas que aumenten el acceso a servicios de rehabilitación para personas de escasos recursos.

The antioxidant action of terngymnoside C (1) and hydroxytyrosol-1-glucoside (2), isolated for the first time from the flower buds of Ternstroemia lineata, as well as katsumadin (3), obtained from the seedless fruits, was evaluated using ABTS•+ and H2O2–Saccharomyces cerevisiae models. In silico docking analysis of 1, 2, and 3 determined their affinity forces to the aquaporin monomers of the modeled S. cerevisiae protein 3 (AQP3) and human protein 7 (AQP7) channels that regulate the H2O2 cell transport. The ABTS•+ antiradical capacity of these compounds showed IC50 values of 22.00 μM (1), 47.64 μM (2), and 73.93 μM (3). The S. cerevisiae antioxidant assay showed that at 25 µM (1) and 50 µM (2 and 3), the cells were protected from H2O2-oxidative stress. These compounds, together with quercetin and vitamin C, were explored through the modeled S. cerevisiae AQP3 and human AQP7 by molecular docking analysis. To explain these results, an antioxidant mechanism for the isolated compounds was proposed through blocking H2O2 passage mediated by aquaporin transport. On the other hand, 1, 2, and 3 were not cytotoxic in a panel of three cancer cell lines.

Abstract Endotoxic shock (ExSh) and cecal ligature and puncture (CLP) are models that induce sepsis. In this work, we investigated early immunologic and histopathologic changes induced by ExSh or CLP models in female and male mice. Remarkable results showed that females supported twice the LD100 of LPS for males, CLP survival and CFU counts were similar between genders, high circulating LPS levels in ExSh mice and low levels of IgM anti-LPS in males. In the serum of ExSh males, TNF and IL-6 increased in the first 6 h, in CLP males at 12 h. In the liver of ExSh mice, TNF increased at 1.5 and 12 h, IL-1 at 6 h. TGFβ1 increased in females throughout the study and at 12 h in males. In CLP mice, IL-6 decreased at 12 h, TGFβ1 increased at 6–12 h in males and at 12 h in females. In the lungs of ExSh males, IL-1β increased at 1.5-6 h and TGFβ1 at 12 h; in females, TNF decrease at 6 h and TGFβ1 increased from 6 h; in CLP females, TNF and IL-1β decreased at 12 h and 1.5 h, respectively, and TGFβ1 increased from 6 h; in males, TGFβ1 increased at 12 h. In the livers of ExSh mice, signs of inflammation were more common in males; in the CLP groups, inflammation was similar but less pronounced. ExSh females had leucocytes with TGFβ1. The lungs of ExSh males showed patches of hyaline membranes and some areas of inflammatory cells, similar but fewer and smaller lesions were seen in male mice with CLP. In ExSh females, injuries were less extent than in males, similar pulmonary lesions were seen in female mice with CLP. ExSh males had lower levels of TGFβ1 than females, and even lower levels were seen in CLP males. We conclude that the ExSh was the most lethal model in males, associated with high levels of free LPS, low IgM anti-LPS, exacerbated inflammation and target organ injury, while females showed early TGFβ1 production in the lungs and less tissue damage. We didn't see any differences between CLP mice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high hydrostatic pressures (HHP) (200 MPa for 10 min, 400 MPa for 10 min, and 600 MPa for 5 min) and VAT pasteurization (60 °C for 30 min) on the microbiological, antioxidant and sensory characteristics of fresh juice and a fermented beverage of black cherry (Prunus serotina) stored for 49 days at 4 ± 1 °C. The HHP processing was effective to reduce the microbial load before storage and during the storage of the fermented beverages; however, for the reduction of the microbial load in fresh juice, a minimum pressure of 600 MPa for 5 min was necessary. At day 0, a reduction of 4.10 logarithmic cycles was achieved in samples processed by HHP and VAT pasteurization. The processed samples showed significant changes (p ≤ 0.05) in their color characteristics. All fermented beverages of black cherry had lower quantities of antioxidant activity, total phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins. The highest antioxidant characteristics were observed in sample of black cherry processed at 600 MPa for 5 min. The black cherry VAT processed samples were the least sensorially accepted. A treatment of 600 MPa for 5 min could be enough to obtain a microbiologically safe fermented black cherry beverage stable for 49 days having similar antioxidant characteristics as those of fresh juice.

Abstract We conducted a time‐lapse seismic experiment utilizing automated active seismic source and sensor arrays to monitor a reactivated fault within the Opalinus clay formation at the Mont Terri Rock Laboratory (Switzerland), an analog caprock for geologic carbon storage. A series of six brine injections were conducted into the so‐called Main Fault to reactivate it. Seismic instrumentation in five monitoring boreholes on either side of the fault was used to continuously probe changes in P‐wave travel‐times associated with fault displacement and leakage. We performed time‐lapse travel‐time tomography on five hundred sequential data sets; this revealed a zone of decreased P‐wave velocity, up to 16 m/s, during each injection cycle, followed by a velocity increase during shut‐in. These results demonstrate varying elastic property perturbations, both spatially and temporally, along the fault plane during reactivation. We then interpreted these velocity changes in terms of fault dilation induced by pressurized fluids along the fault.

El objetivo de esta investigación cualitativa, estudio de caso, fue describir el impacto que ha tenido la pandemia en los procesos de enseñanza en los docentes de idiomas con clases presenciales y la necesidad que tienen de capacitación y formación curricular en saberes digitales. El proceso de análisis se llevó a cabo mediante la aplicación de una encuesta semiestructurada a un grupo conveniente de participantes que prefieren la modalidad presencial forzados a instruir en ambientes de aprendizaje virtual y asistencia remota por primera vez durante la pandemia COVID-19. Se utilizó las dimensiones de las competencias digitales del Marco Común Europeo para la medición de los niveles de dominio de las competencias digitales. Se recurrió al análisis temático. Se categorizaron los temas y en algunos casos se agruparon algunas instancias en subcategorías. Se retomaron los resultados y hallazgos en combinación con la presentación de gráficas descriptivas, tablas y menciones de los participantes. Se recalca que esta investigación se enfoca en recuperar las percepciones de un momento, grupo y situación específica. Los participantes manifestaron haber superado los retos de la competencia digital que se necesitó durante el aislamiento social para atender a los grupos en asistencia remota y de manera virtual. Los dominios de las competencias digitales de los participantes son aceptables, pero aún quedan dimensiones de las competencias digitales por desarrollar. Se manifiesta una necesidad de capacitación de los participantes en las cinco dimensiones, las cuales, de acuerdo con los datos, se deberían incluir en la formación de los futuros docentes de lenguas.

Abstract Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health concern with limited treatment options because it causes a cascade of side effects that are the leading cause of hospital death. Thioredoxin is an enzyme with neuroprotective properties such as antioxidant, antiapoptotic, immune response modulator, and neurogenic, among others; it has been considered a therapeutic target for treating many disorders. Methods The controlled cortical impact (CCI) model was used to assess the effect of recombinant human thioredoxin 1 (rhTrx1) (1 μg/2 μL, intracortical) on rats subjected to TBI at two different times of the light‐dark cycle (01:00 and 13:00 h). We analyzed the food intake, body weight loss, motor coordination, pain perception, and histology in specific hippocampus (CA1, CA2, CA3, and Dental Gyrus) and striatum (caudate‐putamen) areas. Results Body weight loss, reduced food intake, spontaneous pain, motor impairment, and neuronal damage in specific hippocampus and striatum regions are more evident in rats subjected to TBI in the light phase than in the dark phase of the cycle and in groups that did not receive rhTrx1 or minocycline (as positive control). Three days after TBI, there is a recovery in body weight, food intake, motor impairment, and pain, which is more pronounced in the rats subjected to TBI at the dark phase of the cycle and those that received rhTrx1 or minocycline. Conclusions Knowing the time of day a TBI occurs in connection to the neuroprotective mechanisms of the immune response in diurnal variation and the usage of the Trx1 protein might have a beneficial therapeutic impact in promoting quick recovery after a TBI.

Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplastic disease, mainly associated to HPV infection, with high mortality rates. Among natural products, iridoids have shown different biological activities, including cytotoxic and antitumor effects, in different cancer cell types. Geniposide and its aglycone Genipin have been assessed against different types of cancer. In this work, both iridoids were evaluated against HeLa and three different cervical cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we performed a SAR analysis incorporating 13 iridoids with a high structural similarity to Geniposide and Genipin, also tested in the HeLa cell line and at the same treatment time. Derived from this analysis, we found that the dipole moment (magnitude and direction) is key for their cytotoxic activity in the HeLa cell line. Then, we proceeded to the ligand-based design of new Genipin derivatives through a QSAR model (R2 = 87.95 and Q2 = 62.33) that incorporates different quantum mechanic molecular descriptor types (ρ, ΔPSA, ∆Polarizability2, and logS). Derived from the ligand-based design, we observed that the presence of an aldehyde or a hydroxymethyl in C4, hydroxyls in C1, C6, and C8, and the lack of the double bond in C7–C8 increased the predicted biological activity of the iridoids. Finally, ten simple iridoids (D9, D107, D35, D36, D55, D56, D58, D60, D61, and D62) are proposed as potential cytotoxic agents against the HeLa cell line based on their predicted IC50 value and electrostatic features.

In humans, the pituitary gland is covered by a fibrous capsule and is considered a continuation of the meningeal sheath. However, in rodents some studies concluded that only the pars tuberalis (PT) and pars nervosa (PN) are enwrapped by the pia mater, while others showed that the whole gland is covered by this sheath. At PT the median eminence subarachnoid drains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to its cisternal system representing a pathway to the hypothalamus. In the present study we examined the rat pituitary capsule to elucidate its configuration, its physical interaction with the pituitary border and its relationship with the CSF. Furthermore, we also revisited the histology of the pituitary cleft and looked whether CSF drained in it. To answer such questions, we used scanning and transmission electron microscopy, intracerebroventricular infusion of Evan´s blue, fluorescent beads, and sodium fluorescein. The latter was measured in the pars distalis (PD) and various intracranial tissues. We found a pituitary capsule resembling leptomeninges, thick at the dorsal side of the pars intermedia (PI) and PD, thicker at the level of PI in contiguity with the PN and thinner at the rostro-ventral side as a thin membrane of fibroblast-like cells embedded in a fibrous layer. The capsule has abundant capillaries on all sides. Our results showed that the CSFs bathe between the capsule and the surface of the whole gland, and ciliate cells are present in the pituitary border. Our data suggest that the pituitary gland intercommunicates with the central nervous system (CNS) through the CSF.

Este artículo da cuenta de la investigación realizada para la tesis de Maestría en Educación Superior, con el objetivo de analizar los intereses y las representaciones de los estudiantes del curso de ingreso 2018-2019 que influyeron en la elección del profesorado de Educación Física de la Universidad Nacional de La Matanza. Se analizó una muestra de 635 aspirantes a través de un cuestionario autoadministrado con preguntas cerradas y abiertas, categorizadas para su posterior cuantificación. El estudio fue descriptivo utilizando un método cuantitativo procesado con el paquete estadístico SPSS. Los resultados refieren el perfil del aspirante: edad promedio 19 años, 62,8% eran hombres y 37,2% mujeres, 93,7 % del conurbano Bonaerense, un 62% eran egresados de escuelas públicas. Sobre la elección de la carrera el 40,5% lo hizo porque siempre les gustaron los deportes y 15% porque le gusta enseñar. Eligen la escuela como el lugar donde les gustaría trabajar más, sin embargo, es el ámbito no formal relacionado con el deporte, el que se destaca con un 56,1% a diferencia del formal 42%. Este articulo permitirá a la comunidad académica y autoridades universitarias contar con un diagnóstico de situación que genere líneas de acción para evaluar y diseñar estrategias que favorezcan la igualdad de posibilidades en el acceso al conocimiento de los futuros ingresantes.

Objective: Some species of the Russelia genus have been used different illnesses associated with pain and inflammation. The aim of this work was to characterize the biological activities (anti-inflammatory and analgesic) and antioxidant capacity of methanol and dichloromethane extracts of Russelia coccinea. Materials and Methods: In this study, topical anti-inflammatory activity was tested in an in vivo model of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) induced mouse ear edema of organic extracts (doses: 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 mg/ear). The antinociceptive activity was assessed using the formalin test in mice of organic extracts (doses: 56, 100 and 300 mg/kg ). Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiaziline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Results: Methanol (RcM) and dichloromethane (RcD) extracts of the R. coccinea aerial parts were found to inhibit ear edema (48.95 and 40.13%, respectively) at a dose of 0.3 mg/ear. Acute treatment with RcM produced a significant antinociceptive effect in the late phase of formalin-induced nociception. Moreover, RcM at doses of 56, 100 and 300 mg/kg showed a significant antinociceptive effect through the early and late phases in the formalin test. RcM and RcD showed weak antioxidant capacities in the ABTS and DPPH assays; however, when their reducing capacity was evaluated by the FRAP assay, RcM showed a reducing activity similar to Camellia sinensis standard at the proven concentration of 1000 μg/ml. Conclusion: According to the experimental findings, the organic extracts of R. coccinea display remarkable antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.

Se exploraron representaciones sociales del 11 de septiembre de 1973 —fecha del golpe de Estado en Chile— en una muestra de 1053 niños, niñas y adolescentes, 550 mujeres y 503 hombres, de liceos municipales y subvencionados de la comuna de la Ligua, región de Valparaíso. Los participantes tenían entre 11 y 18 años de edad (M = 14.83; DE = 1.89). Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Diagnóstico Participativo en Infancia y Adolescencia. Los datos se analizaron en dos etapas, primero se construyeron diccionarios de palabras, posteriormente se realizaron análisis de conglomerados jerárquicos, escalamiento multidimensional y correspondencias múltiples. Aproximadamente la mitad de los participantes no logró asociar conceptos a la fecha o asoció conceptos relativos a otros eventos históricos. Entre quienes sí relacionaron conceptos, mencionan consecuencias negativas a nivel social y personal, tales como violación a los Derechos Humanos, muerte, sufrimiento y violencia política, lo cual se conjuga con la creencia de una violencia fundacional que habría posibilitado progreso en Chile.

Background. Mesquite is a shrubby legume that dominates the vegetation of arid regions with multiple benefits in controlling erosive process, improving micrometeorology, and as feed source for livestock species. In addition, mesquite pods contain secondary components that could represent an option to mitigate emissions of enteric methane in ruminants. Objective. To evaluate in vitro fermentation patterns and methane production of mesquite pods (Prosopis spp.) in the arid ecoregion of the State of Hidalgo. Methodology. Mesquite pod samples were obtained from four municipalities in the arid ecoregion of the state of Hidalgo: Actopan (ACT), Tula de Allende (TUL), San Salvador (SAL) and Zimapán (ZIM). In vitro fermentation of the mesquite pods was carried out during 72 h to 39 °C in a culture medium with ruminal bacteria and mineral solutions. The fractional gas volume (Vf), cumulated gas volume (Va), maximum volume (V), gas production rate (S) and lag time (L) were calculated. The volume of methane was quantified by displacement of a NaOH 2N solution. Results. Some chemical composition characteristics of the mesquite pods were different between municipalities. V showed significant differences between localities (p≤0.05), with mesquite pods collected in SAL showing the highest values (163.2 mL g-1 MS). A municipality x time interaction was observed for Vf (p≤0.05) and differences between municipalities were observed. The values of volume partial of CH4 observed at 24 hours were different between collection sites (p≤0.05), with higher emission values observed in mesquite pods collected in SAL (16.3 mL/g MS) and ACT (17.3 mL/g MS). Conclusion. The results of the current study provide evidence of differences of in vitro fermentation patterns and methane emissions from the mesquite pods regarding to origin place. Implications. These results should be considered in the design and implementation of future nutritional and greenhouse gas mitigation strategies.

Introduction: MIS-C is a late complication associated with COVID-19 infection in children that frequently requires intensive care management. Objective: The objective of the study was to describe the characteristics and clinical course of MIS-C cases treated in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Methods: Description of evolution, demographic, clinical, and paraclinical characteristics of 4 patients with MIS-C. Results: The most frequent clinic was Kawasaki-like, all of them presented with shock and elevated inflammatory markers. They received support and immunomodulatory treatment, and all presented a favorable evolution. Conclusion: The diagnosis and treatment of this entity represent a multidisciplinary challenge.

The Sambucus canadensis species is used in traditional medicine mainly in indigenous communities as an anti-inflammatory, antiviral, to treat cough, fever and other ailments, however, its use must be validated on scientific bases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of the ethanol extract of Sambucus canadensis in meristem cells of Allium sativum with 5 treatments at concentrations of 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L. Two thousand cells were counted per treatment; the mitotic index (MI) and nuclear abnormalities (NA) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) and Chi square (X2) (p < 0.05). Root growth was found to be inhibited based on the concentration with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). As the dose and exposure time of the ethanol extract increased, the MI decreased. The NA increased at the highest concentrations of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L and these differences were statistically significant compared to the control (p = 0.000). With the results obtained, it can be shown that the species has antiproliferative effects and genotoxic activity on the Allium sativum cell cycle, which can be extrapolated to other types of eukaryotic cells. Therefore, despite being a plant with health benefits, moderate use and low concentrations are recommended to avoid harmful effects.

La preservación de los saberes en repositorios es vital para las instituciones educativas. Sin embargo, no existe un estudio comprensivo que identifique el estado de la cuestión de los repositorios educativos. El objetivo de esta investigación documental fue aplicar un meta-análisis cualitativo con enfoque mixto para cumplir con tal fin. Se analizaron 194 artículos de investigación obtenidos en las bases de datos ScienceDirect y Dialnet. Los resultados sugieren que el 65% de estos documentos (126) aborda artículos sobre la disciplina educativa y, en esta área, en el 2015 se hicieron el mayor número de publicaciones. España es el país que desataca en producción científica en este sentido. El objetivo recurrente en esos estudios es el análisis situacional y la metodología más utilizada es cualitativa. México ha tenido una participación destacada, pero insuficiente en este tema. En conclusión, se puntualiza la necesidad de aumentar las exploraciones sobre repositorios dedicados al almacén de objetos de aprendizaje y desarrollo de software educativo, así como un estudio conceptual para ordenar y clasificar la creciente proliferación de repositorios de diverso tipo.

Introducción: El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la densidad vascular (DV) peripapilar y macular medidos con la angiografía por tomografía óptica (OCTA) entre pacientes con glaucoma preperimétrico (GP), hipertensión ocular (HTO) y sanos. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal, de cohorte, observacional y prospectivo. Se incluyeron 90 ojos de 90 pacientes divididos en: 30 con GP, 30 con HTO y 30 sanos; durante octubre del 2020 hasta enero 2021. Se usó la OCTA de fuente de barrido (SS-DRI OCT; Triton, Topcon, Japón). Resultados: Encontramos diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la DV macular entre los 3 grupos (ANOVA p < 0.001), pero no en la DV peripapilar (ANOVA p = 0.081). En el análisis por cuadrantes de la DV macular y peripapilar, hallamos diferencias estadísticamente significativas en todos, excepto en el cuadrante temporal (ANOVA p = 0.449) y nasal (ANOVA p = 0.532) respectivamente. Todos los espesores de la capa de bras nerviosas retinales (CFNR), se redujeron significativamente en los cuadrantes temporal (ANOVA, p = 0.001) e inferior (ANOVA p = 0.011). Al correlacionar la CFNR y su correspondiente DV macular y peripapilar, no fue significativa en ninguno de los cuadrantes del grupo GP. Conclusiones: La OCTA es una tecnología prometedora que permite la visualización no invasiva de los vasos capilares peripapilares y retinianos. Existe una diferencia significativa en la densidad vascular promedio y por sectores entre los pacientes con GP, HTO y sanos. Aún no es claro si el daño estructural antecede al daño vascular.

The demand for metallic nanoparticles synthesized using green methods has increased due to their various therapeutic and clinical applications, and plant biotechnology may be a potential resource facilitating sustainable methods of AgNPs synthesis. In this study, we evaluate the capacity of extracts from Randia aculeata cell suspension culture (CSC) in the synthesis of AgNPs at different pH values, and their activity against pathogenic bacteria and cancer cells was evaluated. Using aqueous CSC extracts, AgNPs were synthesized with 10% (w/v) of fresh biomass and AgNO3 (1 mM) at a ratio of 1:1 for 24 h of incubation and constant agitation. UV-vis analysis showed a high concentration of AgNPs as the pH increased, and TEM analysis showed polydisperse nanoparticles with sizes from 10 to 90 nm. Moreover, CSC extracts produce reducing agents such as phenolic compounds (162.2 ± 27.9 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g biomass) and flavonoids (122.07 ± 8.2 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g biomass). Notably, AgNPs had strong activity against E. coli, S. pyogenes, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. typhimurium, mainly with AgNPs at pH 6 (MIC: 1.6 to 3.9 µg/mL). AgNPs at pH 6 and 10 had a high antiproliferative effect on cancer cells (IC50 < 5.7 µg/mL). Therefore, the use of cell suspension cultures may be a sustainable option for the green synthesis of AgNPs.

En este ensayo, respondo a una serie de comentarios y críticas a mi artículo “Rastreando las críticas de Finnis al punto de vista interno de Hart: inestabilidad y el ‘sentido y propósito’ de la acción humana en el derecho” formulados por Natalia Scavuzzo, Ezequiel Monti y Alejandro Guevara Arroyo. Los autores discuten y formulan preguntas importantes en relación a la naturaleza y carácter de la acción humana y la metodología de la filosofía del derecho.

Finnis nos dice que el participante de la práctica jurídica, por ejemplo, el ciudadano, el juez, el abogado, están comprometidos con el derecho y están interesados en distinguir entre una norma buena y una no tan buena, entre una directiva justa y una directiva injusta, entre una decisión racional de un tribunal y una decisión irracional. El punto de vista interno de Hart se niega a hacer ulteriores distinciones entre los casos centrales y periféricos del derecho y esto trae inestabilidad al concepto. El punto de vista interno de Hart como inestable puede remontarse a una crítica más fundamental, a saber, el punto de vista interno de Hart no puede ser usado para entender el sentido y propósito de las acciones humanas y, por lo tanto, no podemos basarnos en el punto de vista interno de Hart para identificar diferencias de importancia que pueda hacer cualquier actor en el campo. En la literatura sobre la “metodología”, este argumento de la inestabilidad es pasado por alto y sus premisas no han sido cuidadosamente examinadas. En este capítulo, trataré de mostrar que la idea de que el punto de vista interno es inestable es, a la vez, clave para entender los límites de la teoría del derecho de Hart y para arrojar más luz sobre la idea de que el derecho debe concebirse en términos de un caso central o focal.

Theatre and Performance Practices on the Spanish Stage: An Introduction.

The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of carbon support on the activity and selectivity of N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Thus, N-doped TiO2 and two types of composites, N-doped TiO2/CNT and N-doped TiO2/rGO, were prepared by a new environmentally friendly one-pot method. CNT and rGO were used as supports, triethylamine and urea as N doping agents, and titanium (IV) tetraisopropoxide and ethanol as Ti precursor and hydrolysis agent, respectively. The as-prepared photocatalysts exhibited enhanced photocatalytic performance compared to TiO2 P25 commercial catalyst during the photoreduction of CO2 with water vapor. It was imputed to the synergistic effect of N doping (reduction of semiconductor band gap energy) and carbon support (enlarging e−-h+ recombination time). The activity and selectivity of catalysts varied depending on the investigated material. Thus, whereas N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles led to a gaseous mixture, where CH4 formed the majority compared to CO, N-doped TiO2/CNT and N-doped TiO2/rGO composites almost exclusively generated CO. Regarding the activity of the catalysts, the highest production rates of CO (8 µmol/gTiO2/h) and CH4 (4 µmol/gTiO2/h) were achieved with composite N1/TiO2/rGO and N1/TiO2 nanoparticles, respectively, where superscript represents the ratio mg N/g TiO2. These rates are four times and almost forty times higher than the CO and CH4 production rates observed with commercial TiO2 P25.

Background: In recent years anti-TNF therapy has been associated with leishmaniasis in immunocompromised patients from endemic areas. Nevertheless, data on asymptomatic Leishmania infection in such patients is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic infection in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients treated with TNF inhibitors living in an endemic area (Catalonia) and to follow up them to study how the infection evolved. Methods: 192 IBD patients (143 Crohn's disease; 49 ulcerative colitis) from Catalonia (Spain), an area endemic for L. infantum, were recruited. Peripheral blood samples were collected and tested for anti-Leishmania antibodies by Western blotting (WB). Leishmania kinetoplast DNA was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by a quantitative PCR. Results: Serology was positive in 3.1% and Leishmania DNA was found in 8.8%, with a low parasitic load and humoral response. The prevalence was 10.9%, patients being considered infected if they tested positive by at least one of the techniques. Eight out of the 21 patients with asymptomatic leishmaniasis were monitored for 3–8 months after the first test. None of them showed an increased parasitemia or humoral response, or developed leishmaniasis during the follow-up period. Conclusion: The prevalence of Leishmania asymptomatic infection detected in our IBD cohort is similar to that found in healthy population in close endemic areas. Due to the short monitoring period, it is not possible to reach a conclusion about the risk of Leishmania reactivation from this study.

Permethrin (PERM) is a member of the class I family of synthetic pyrethroids. Human use has shown that it affects different systems, with wide health dysfunctions. Our aim was to determine bioenergetics, neuroinflammation and morphology changes, as redox markers after subacute exposure to PERM in rats. We used MDA determination, protein carbonyl assay, mitochondrial O2 consumption, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a deep histopathological analysis of the hippocampus. PERM (150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight/day, o.v.) increased lipoperoxidation and carbonylated proteins in a dose-dependent manner in the brain regions. The activities of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, reductase, S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase showed an increase in all the different brain areas, with dose-dependent effects in the cerebellum. Cytokine profiles (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) increased in a dose-dependent manner in different brain tissues. Exposure to 150 mg/kg of permethrin induced degenerated and/or dead neurons in the rat hippocampus and induced mitochondrial uncoupling and reduction of oxidative phosphorylation and significantly decreased the respiratory parameters state 3-associated respiration in complex I and II. PERM exposure at low doses induces reactive oxygen species production and imbalance in the enzymatic antioxidant system, increases gene expression of pro-inflammatory interleukins, and could lead to cell damage mediated by mitochondrial functional impairment.

Podophyllotoxins are natural lignans with known cytotoxic activity on several cell lines. The structural basis for their actions is mainly by the aryltetralin-lignan skeleton. Authors have proposed a cytotoxic mechanism of podophyllotoxins through the topoisomerase-II inhibition activity; however, several studies have also suggested that podophyllotoxins can inhibit the microtubules polymerization. In this work, the two possible mechanisms of action of two previously isolated compounds from the stem bark of Bursera fagaroides var. fagaroides: acetylpodophyllotoxin (1) and 5’-desmethoxydeoxypodophyllotoxin (2), was analyzed. An in vitro anti-tubulin epifluorescence on the MCF10A cell line and enzymatic topoisomerase II assays were performed. The binding affinities of compounds 1 and 2 in the colchicine binding site of tubulin by using rigid- and semiflexible-residues were calculated and compared using in silico docking methods. The two lignans were active by the in vitro anti-tubulin assay but could not inhibit TOP2 activity. In the in silico analysis, the binding modes of compounds into both rigid- and semiflexible-residues of tubulin were predicted, and only for the semiflexible docking method, a linear correlation between the dissociation constant and IC50 previously reported was found. Our results suggest that a simple semiflexible-residues modification in docking methods could provide an in vitro correlation when analyzing very structurally similar compounds.

The genome of the halophilic archaea Haloferax mediterranei contains three ORFs that show homology with glutamine synthetase (GS) (glnA-1, glnA-2, and glnA-3). Previous studies have focused on the role of GlnA-1, suggesting that proteins GlnA-2 and GlnA-3 could play a different role to that of GS. Glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) belongs to the class of ligases, including 20 subclasses of other different enzymes, such as aspartate–ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.1), glutamate–ethylamine ligase (EC 6.3.1.6), and glutamate–putrescine ligase (EC 6.3.1.11). The reaction catalyzed by glutamate–putrescine ligase is comparable to the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase (GS). Both enzymes can bind a glutamate molecule to an amino group: ammonium (GS) or putrescine (glutamate–putrescine ligase). In addition, they present the characteristic catalytic domain of GS, showing significant similarities in their structure. Although these proteins are annotated as GS, the bioinformatics and experimental results obtained in this work indicate that the GlnA-2 protein (HFX_1688) is a glutamate–putrescine ligase, involved in polyamine catabolism. The most significant results are those related to glutamate–putrescine ligase’s activity and the analysis of the transcriptional and translational expression of the glnA-2 gene in the presence of different nitrogen sources. This work confirms a new metabolic pathway in the Archaea domain which extends the knowledge regarding the utilization of alternative nitrogen sources in this domain.

Bronchogenic cysts are congenital malformations of the tracheobronchial tree that are mainly located in the mediastinum or the pulmonary parenchyma. They often occur in early childhood, compressing the airway or the esophagus or by superinfection. Bronchogenic cysts located in the tracheal wall are relatively rare. They present with recurrent episodes of cyanosis, stridor and progressive respiratory distress. The diagnosis is suspected by clinical observation and endoscopic and radiologic evaluation and confirmed by anatomopathological findings. The treatment of choice is the surgical resection of the lesion. We here report the case of a newborn presenting with cyanosis and stridor due to an intramural tracheal bronchogenic cyst that was successfully treated by tracheal resection with end-to-end anastomosis. We highlight the importance of considering this rare entity in the differential diagnosis of cyanotic spells in this age group.

Objetivo: Describir las complicaciones con el uso del aceite de silicona (AS) y aquellas encontradas después del retiro durante 5 años en un hospital público del norte de México. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo donde se incluyeron los expedientes de 269 casos de ojos de 235 pacientes que fueron sometidos a vitrectomía vía pars plana 23 G y recibieron silicona altamente purificada con una viscosidad de 5,000 cs y en los cuales se realizó la extracción del AS entre 2009 y 2014. Resultados: La indicación principal para colocar AS fue retinopatía diabética proliferativa (65%), seguido de desprendimiento de retina regmatógeno (32%) y de origen traumático (3%). Las principales complicaciones encontradas fueron AS emulsionado (29%) e hipertensión ocular (11%). El tiempo de duración promedio fue de 11 meses (rango 1-58 meses). Se encontró una incidencia de catarata entre el 16.7% y el 25% en los primeros 9 meses con AS, misma que aumentó a partir de los 19 meses hasta llegar a un 90% a los 5 años. La incidencia de redesprendimiento de retina fue del 17% debido principalmente a vitreorretinopatía proliferativa. Conclusiones: Las complicaciones encontradas con el uso del AS fueron AS emulsionado, hipertensión ocular, erosión corneal y la inflamación crónica del segmento anterior, así como una incidencia de catarata creciente conforme al tiempo transcurrido. La tasa de redesprendimiento después del retiro de AS en nuestro hospital fue de casi una quinta parte de todos los casos.

Theatre and Performance Studies in English: An Introduction.

The introduction of new digital technologies represents an important advance to fabricate metal–ceramic restorations. However, few studies have evaluated the influence of these technologies on the fit of the restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different manufacturing techniques and pontic design on the vertical marginal fit of cobalt–-chromium (Co–Cr) posterior fixed partial dentures (FPDs) frameworks. Methods: Eighty stainless-steel dies were prepared to receive 3-unit FPDs frameworks with intermediate pontic (n = 40) and cantilever pontic (n = 40). Within each design, the specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 each) depending on the manufacturing technique: casting (CM), direct metal laser sintering (LS), soft metal milling (SM), and hard metal milling (HM). The frameworks were luted, and the vertical marginal discrepancy was assessed. Data analysis was made using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests (α = 0.05). Results: The vertical marginal discrepancy values of all FPDs were below 50 μm. The HM frameworks obtained the lowest misfit values in both designs. However, no differences were found among intermediate pontic groups or cantilevered groups. Likewise, when differences in a marginal discrepancy between both framework designs were analyzed, no differences were observed. Conclusions: The analyzed digital technologies demonstrated high precision of fit on Co–Cr frameworks and on both pontic designs.

This article looks at the ‘public’ ‘place’ of drama in Britain at present by offering an analysis of a contemporary version of an ancient Greek play by Aeschylus, entitled The Suppliant Women, written by David Greig, directed by Ramin Gray, and first performed at the Royal Lyceum Theatre Edinburgh in 2016. Following an agonistic (Chantal Mouffe), rather than a consensual (Jürgen Habermas) model of the public sphere, it argues that under globalisation, three cumulative and interwoven senses of the public sphere, the discursive, the spatial, and the individual and his/her/their relation to a larger form of organisation, despite persisting hegemonic structures that perpetuate their containment, have become undone. This is the kind of unbounded model of public sphere Greig’s version of Aeschylus’ The Suppliant Women seems to suggest by precisely offering undoings of discourses, spaces, and individualisations. In order to frame the first kind of undoing, that is, the unmarking of theatre as contained, the article uses Christopher Balme’s notion of ‘open theatrical public sphere’, and in order to frame the second, that is, the undoing of elements ‘in’ Greig’s version, the article utilises Greig’s concept of ‘constructed space’. The article arrives then at the notion of the open constructed public sphere in relation to The Suppliant Women. By engaging with this porous model of the public sphere, The Suppliant Women enacts a protest against exclusionary, reductive models of exchange and organisation, political engagement, and belonging under globalisation.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evidenciar las diferencias en la distribución del estado antropométrico de niños escolares de acuerdo a su unidad geográfica. La población analizada corresponde a 1870 escolares de dos escuelas públicas, de primero, tercero y sexto grado, del distrito San Juan del cantón La Unión (Costa Rica). Se utilizaron datos previamente recolectados por el Programa Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Escolar a lo largo del periodo 2005-2009. El estado antropométrico de la población escolar fue evaluado según los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) del 2007. La prevalencia del exceso de peso, es decir de sobrepeso y de obesidad, fue de 31,2%, el cual es mayor al reportado nacionalmente (21,4%), según la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición de Costa Rica del 2008-2009. El bajo peso fue de 2,9%, el cual es menor al reportado nacionalmente (6,1%). Más de 9 0% de los escolares tenían talla normal en todos los años analizados. Se identificaron diferencias, entre las escuelas, en la prevalencia de exceso de peso, siendo mayor en la escuela 1 (35,6%) con respecto a la escuela 2 (29,7%). El perfil sociodemográfico, la escolaridad y la ocupación del adulto responsable del escolar (padre, madre u otro) fue diferente entre escuelas; esto podría deberse a las barreras geográficas entre comunidades y al desarrollo de distritos aledaños, situaciones que podrían influenciar en el estado nutricional. Por lo tanto, se concluyó que la distribución del estado antropométrico en la población analizada podría estar asociada a la ubicación geográfica.

The introduction of graphene-related materials (GRMs) in carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRP) has been proved to enhance their mechanical and electrical properties. However, methodologies to produce the 3-phase materials (multiscale composites) at an industrial scale and in an efficient manner are still lacking. In this paper, multiscale CFRP composites containing different GRMs have been manufactured following standard procedures currently used in the aerospace industry with the aim to evaluate its potential application. Graphite nanoplateletelets (GNPs), in situ exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have been dispersed into an epoxy resin to subsequently impregnate aeronautical grade carbon fibre tape. The resulting prepregs have been used for manufacturing laminates by hand lay-up and autoclave curing at 180 °C. A broad characterization campaign has been carried out to understand the behaviour of the different multiscale laminates manufactured. The degree of cure, glass transition temperature and degradation temperature have been evaluated by thermal evolution techniques. Similarly, their mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, in-plane shear, interlaminar shear and mode I interlaminar fracture toughness) have been analysed together with their electrical conductivity. The manufacturing process resulted appropriated for producing three-phase laminates and their quality was as good as in conventional CFRPs. The addition of GO and rGO resulted in an enhancement of the in-plane shear properties and delamination resistance while the addition of GNP improved the electrical conductivity.

Castilleja tenuiflora (Orobanchaceae) has been used in Mexican traditional medicine as a treatment for cough, dysentery, anxiety, nausea and vomiting as well as hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases. The ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Castilleja tenuiflora was separated by silica gel column chromatography. The fractions were evaluated using the induced edema acetate 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol (TPA) anti-inflammatory activity model. The most active fraction was subjected to medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) with UV detection at 206 and 240 nm. The following iridoids were isolated: geniposidic acid, aucubin, bartioside, 8-epi-loganin, mussaenoside, and the phenylpropanoid verbascoside. The most active iridoid was geniposidic acid, which was more active than the control (indomethacin), and the least active iridoid was mussaenoside. 8-epi-Loganin, and mussaenoside have not been previously reported to be anti-inflammatory compounds. The results of these investigations confirm the potential of Mexican plants for the production of bioactive compounds and validate the ethnomedical use of Castilleja tenuiflora-like anti-inflammatory plants.

ABSTRACT Bacterial mycetoma is a neglected disease mainly observed in tropical area countries and typically associated with rural conditions, making its presence in developed countries of temperate climate areas rare. However, we report the first case of an autochthonous mycetoma case in continental France that originated from a new Nocardia species. A Gram-positive filamentous bacterium (OFN 14.177T) was isolated from a pus sample from the mycetoma of a male French patient 92 years old suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The isolate was analyzed by a polyphasic taxonomic approach by coupling morphological, biochemical, physiological, and chemotaxonomic aspects to genomic and phylogenetic analyses. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using four housekeeping genes (16S rRNA gene, secA1, hsp65, and sod) combined with phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain OFN 14.177T is phylogenetically closer not only to Nocardia altamirensis but also to all other species comprising the Nocardia brasiliensis clade (i.e., N. brasiliensis, N. altamirensis, N. vulneris, N. iowensis, and N. tenerifensis), some of which present cutaneous tropism. The G+C content of isolate OFN 14.177T was 68.2 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization analyses demonstrated 38.25% relative reassociation with N. altamirensis. The strain OFN 14.177T is different from the closest species at genetic and phenotypical levels, and the data obtained indicate that it should be recognized as a new species, for which the name of Nocardia boironii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is OFN 14.177T (= EML 1451 = DSM 101696). IMPORTANCE Bacterial mycetoma is an endemic infection in areas with tropical and subtropical climates. Thus, its presence in temperate climate areas remains rare. We report here the first case of autochthonous actinomycetoma in continental France originating from a Nocardia species other than N. brasiliensis, namely, Nocardia boironii. Considering the history of the patient, the infection source of strain OFN 14.177T may be from frequent contact with the soil over many years because of his gardening activities. The discovery of a French autochthonous Nocardia species responsible for actinomycetoma reveals the importance of considering the possibility of having autochthonous infections of this type in nontropical countries, not only imported cases from tropical countries. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the real incidence of this new species.

Contemporary Scottish playwright David Greig’s dramaturgy has been concerned with the massive changes wrought across the world by neoliberal globalization in the last two decades. A political triple turn comprising ethics, the media and the spectator, and a shift between the notion “‘mediatized’ reiterative ‘expectator’” to “mediated performing spectator” within the “polethic” frame of ‘relationality’ in Greig’s works are argued in this article. It is further argued that the plays examined (Damascus, The American Pilot, Brewers Fayre and Fragile) use productive strategies like diffusion, reversibility and interchangeability, which foreground the asymmetries of the global/technologized age “polethically” mediating the global performing spectator.

El sector forestal gallego ha experimentado en las últimas décadas una fuerte expansión en superficie sobre tierras antiguamente dedicadas a la agricultura y la ganadería, incremento superficial que no ha sido acompañado por una repercusión económica y social similar. Las razones se encuentran en las carencias estructurales que el propio sector presenta y que no han sido corregidas por la política forestal desarrollada hasta el momento en la Comunidad. Teniendo en cuenta la representatividad de la propiedad privada de uso forestal en Galicia, este trabajo examina las actuales condiciones, necesidades y criterios de gestión forestal para este tipo de propiedad en la Comunidad. Para ello, y en relación con el concepto de gestión forestal sostenible, se revisan diferentes metodologías de planificación y seguimiento forestal implementadas en otras regiones europeas atendiendo a su potencialidad como alternativas de avance y desarrollo del sector forestal gallego. Así, dados los problemas actuales de la actividad forestal, se han seleccionado cuatro puntos clave de estudio para su posible adaptación a Galicia: redes de contabilidad, modelos de cooperación, programas de educación y asesoramiento y medidas públicas de apoyo económico. Estas líneas son analizadas en tres niveles: descripción de las actuales experiencias en la materia en Galicia, base para la posible aplicación o adaptación de modelos europeos; análisis posterior de los principales programas o medidas desarrollados en diferentes regiones europeas y, por último, generación de criterios para su adaptación a la Comunidad.

Herbivory activates the synthesis of allelochemicals that can mediate plant-plant interactions. There is an inverse relationship between the activity of xylophages and the abundance of epiphytes on Ipomoea murucoides. Xylophagy may modify the branch chemical constitution, which also affects the liberation of allelochemicals with defense and allelopathic properties. We evaluated the bark chemical content and the effect of extracts from branches subjected to treatments of exclusion, mechanical damage and the presence/absence of epiphytes, on the seed germination of the epiphyte Tillandsia recurvata. Principal component analysis showed that branches without any treatment separate from branches subjected to treatments; damaged and excluded branches had similar chemical content but we found no evidence to relate intentional damage with allelopathy; however 1-hexadecanol, a defense volatile compound correlated positively with principal component (PC) 1. The chemical constitution of branches subject to exclusion plus damage or plus epiphytes was similar among them. PC2 indicated that palmitic acid (allelopathic compound) and squalene, a triterpene that attracts herbivore enemies, correlated positively with the inhibition of seed germination of T. recurvata. Inhibition of seed germination of T. recurvata was mainly correlated with the increment of palmitic acid and this compound reached higher concentrations in excluded branches treatments. Then, it is likely that the allelopathic response of I. murucoides would increase to the damage (shade, load) that may be caused by a high load of epiphytes than to damage caused by the xylophages.

Despite prevention and treatment options, breast cancer (BC) has become one of the most important issues in the present day. Therefore, the need for more specific and efficient compounds remains paramount. We evaluated four previously isolated aryltetralin lignans: 5′-demethoxy-β-peltatin-A-methylether (1), acetylpodophyllotoxin (2), 5′-demethoxydeoxypodophyllotoxin (3), and 7′,8′-dehydroacetylpodophyllotoxin (4) for cytotoxicity, clonogenicity, and selectivity against three BC cell lines: MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and BT-549, as well as the non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A. Cytotoxicity was evaluated after 72 h of treatment, and clonogenicity was determined at 72 h post-treatment; experiments were performed using the sulforhodamine B staining assay. Selective-index (SI) was calculated by comparing pure compound IC50 values in MCF-10A cell line against the IC50 of the same compound in cancer cell lines. Structural similarities among lignans and controls (podophyllotoxin and etoposide) were analyzed using the Tanimoto coefficient (Tc). Lignans were cytotoxic against all tested cell lines (0.011–7.22 µM) and clonogenicity testing showed a dose-dependent cytocidality for all lignans (≥0.08 µg/mL); compounds 2 and 3 were more potent (14.1 and 7.6 respectively) than etoposide in BT-549 cell line, while compound 2 displayed selectivity (SI = 28.17) in BT-549 cell line. Tc values of lignans suggested a greater similarity with podophyllotoxin structure.

The title compound, C17H16N2O4S2·H2O, is of interest with respect to its antidiabetic and anti-obesity activity. In the crystal, the packing is stabilized by three cooperative interactions: offset π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.604 (2) Å], as well as C—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds. N—H...O interactions also occur.

El monte arbolado en Galicia ha experimentado un auge significativo en las últimas décadas tanto en superficie como en valor económico. Este desarrollo forestal ha sido objeto de importantes publicaciones centradas, principalmente, en inventarios o en censos relativos a la producción y suministro da madera. Sin embargo, las condiciones en las que se asienta este éxito no están tan ampliamente documentadas, esto es, la estructura de la propiedad forestal y el perfil de su gestor son prácticamente tópicos desconocidos. Partiendo de esta premisa, conocer los factores que determinan el comportamiento forestal es la base para comprender este auge y, de ese modo, proyectar su futura tendencia y planificar medidas públicas de apoyo. Este trabajo forma parte de una línea de investigación más amplia para el desarrollo de un modelo metodológico de análisis y estudio de los propietarios forestales gallegos. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos de un cuestionario personal a 103 propietarios titulares catastrales con más de 1 hectárea de superficie forestal productora en el municipio de Barreiros, en el nordeste de la provincia de Lugo, en un intento por caracterizar la propiedad individual y por comprender la conducta forestal del gestor. El análisis expone que esta actividad puede ser una ocupación económica interesante, aunque actualmente no se practica como tal. Considerando el éxito parcial de medidas públicas exclusivamente agrarias o forestales, asegurar el futuro de la pequeña propiedad requerirá herramientas o programas públicos orientados a integrar el conjunto de producciones tradicionales de la explotación familiar. De ese modo, se podrá incentivar la continuidad generacional de la explotación mediante la práctica forestal y agroganadera.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent condition in the pediatric population. An index between the diameter of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and the transverse eyeball transverse diameter (ETD) measured in the tomographic scan has been described in adults, with a cutoff value of ≥0.25 for predicting poor neurologic prognoses. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the index ONSD/ETD with the neurological outcome in children with severe TBI. Subjects and Methods: This was single-center, retrospective study, conducted from March 2021 to November 2022. Patients older than 30 days and up to 16 years of age admitted with severe TBI were included in the study. Measurements of the ONSD/ETD index by cranial tomography were calculated. The population was divided into two groups, one with index ≥0.25 and other with index <0.25. Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) and outcome were compared between groups. Results: Thirty patients were recruited. Patients with inde × 0.25 or higher had a lower GOSE (60% (1–2 points) vs. 60% (7–8 points)), more days of mechanical ventilation (MV) (8 days, interquartile range IQR 5–17 days vs. 3 days, IQR 2–4 days P = 0.005), and more length of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay (12 days, IQR 9–23 days vs. 5 days, IQR 4–8 days P = 0.007) than patients with index <0.25. Conclusions: The ONSD/ETD index was a reliable indicator for predicting the neurological outcome of patients with severe TBI. An index ≥0.25 was associated with more days of PICU stay and MV with worse neurological outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]