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3. Diverse values of nature for sustainability

Author

Pascual, Unai, Balvanera, Patricia, Anderson, Christopher B., Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca, Christie, Michael, González-Jiménez, David, Martin, Adrian, Raymond, Christopher M., Termansen, Mette, Vatn, Arild, Athayde, Simone, Baptiste, Brigitte, Barton, David N., Jacobs, Sander, Kelemen, Eszter, Kumar, Ritesh, Lazos, Elena, Mwampamba, Tuyeni H., Nakangu, Barbara, O’Farrell, Patrick, Subramanian, Suneetha M., van Noordwijk, Meine, Ahn, SoEun, Amaruzaman, Sacha, Amin, Ariane M., Arias-Arévalo, Paola, Arroyo-Robles, Gabriela, Cantú-Fernández, Mariana, Castro, Antonio J., Contreras, Victoria, De Vos, Alta, Dendoncker, Nicolas, Engel, Stefanie, Eser, Uta, Faith, Daniel P., Filyushkina, Anna, Ghazi, Houda, Gómez-Baggethun, Erik, Gould, Rachelle K., Guibrunet, Louise, Gundimeda, Haripriya, Hahn, Thomas, Harmáčková, Zuzana V., Hernández-Blanco, Marcello, Horcea-Milcu, Andra-Ioana, Huambachano, Mariaelena, Wicher, Natalia Lutti Hummel, Aydın, Cem İskender, Islar, Mine, Koessler, Ann-Kathrin, Kenter, Jasper O., Kosmus, Marina, Lee, Heera, Leimona, Beria, Lele, Sharachchandra, Lenzi, Dominic, Lliso, Bosco, Mannetti, Lelani M., Merçon, Juliana, Monroy-Sais, Ana Sofía, Mukherjee, Nibedita, Muraca, Barbara, Muradian, Roldan, Murali, Ranjini, Nelson, Sara H., Nemogá-Soto, Gabriel R., Ngouhouo-Poufoun, Jonas, Niamir, Aidin, Nuesiri, Emmanuel, Nyumba, Tobias O., Özkaynak, Begüm, Palomo, Ignacio, Pandit, Ram, Pawłowska-Mainville, Agnieszka, Porter-Bolland, Luciana, Quaas, Martin, Rode, Julian, Rozzi, Ricardo, Sachdeva, Sonya, Samakov, Aibek, Schaafsma, Marije, Sitas, Nadia, Ungar, Paula, Yiu, Evonne, Yoshida, Yuki, and Zent, Eglee

Published
2023
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9. An inclusive typology of values for navigating transformations towards a just and sustainable future

Author

Raymond, Christopher M., Anderson, Christopher B., Athayde, Simone, Vatn, Arild, Amin, Ariane M., Arias-Arévalo, Paola, Christie, Michael, Cantú-Fernández, Mariana, Gould, Rachelle K., Himes, Austin, Kenter, Jasper O., Lenzi, Dominic, Muraca, Barbara, Murali, Ranjini, O’Connor, Sebastian, Pascual, Unai, Sachdeva, Sonya, Samakov, Aibek, and Zent, Eglee

Published
2023
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27. The limited influence of climate norms on leisure air travel.

Author

Aasen, Marianne, Thøgersen, John, Vatn, Arild, Dunlap, Riley E., Fisher, Dana R., Hellevik, Ottar, and Stern, Paul C.

Subjects
AIR travel, LEISURE, CLIMATE change, EMISSIONS (Air pollution), SOCIAL norms
Abstract

This paper adds to our understanding of how people's climate change concern and norms influence their leisure air travel. It does so by examining the roles of Norwegians' beliefs about climate change and emissions from air travel, their felt responsibility to limit emissions (personal norm), and expectations and behaviors of friends and family (social norms) in such travel. A representative sample of Norwegians was surveyed in 2019 and 2020 (N = 2842), based on a framework combining institutional and social-psychological perspectives. Structural equation modeling of the data reveals that leisure air travel is habituated and part of a lifestyle, supported by social norms, self-enhancement values and urban residency. Personal norms for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from flying are beginning to emerge in Norway, but their effect on leisure air travel is small and only indirect. Our findings suggest the need for interventions to complement and potentially amplify the emerging moralization process and support an evolution of new habits and travel lifestyle to limit the emissions from leisure air travel substantially. The disruption of travel habits by the COVID-19 pandemic might ease such a process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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34. Regulation of externalities: rights, options, and procedure.

Author

Schläpfer, Felix and Vatn, Arild

Subjects
EXTERNALITIES, PROPERTY rights, ENVIRONMENTAL auditing, ECONOMIC policy, RIGHTS, ENVIRONMENTAL policy
Abstract

When governments regulate externalities, they inevitably create, modify or reassign property rights. Although these rights have important distributional implications, they are rarely at the center of economic evaluations of policy instrument choice, where the main focus is on allocative efficiency. This is problematic for two reasons. First, the allocation of rights may not receive the attention it deserves, and decisions about rights and more technical policy advice are easily mixed up. The second reason is a circularity problem: proposed (Pareto) efficient regulations modify the same property rights that determine what economists identify as an efficient environmental target. To avoid these difficulties, we propose a perspective in regulation that brings the allocation of rights to the front. We classify basic regulatory options based on how rights are allocated between polluters and potential victims and across income groups and we outline how these options may be implemented through choice of policy instruments. We then propose a regulatory procedure that takes the interdependence of rights and environmental targets into account. Based on this analysis, we discuss the potential of a rights-centered approach for designing environmental policies with desirable distributional outcomes and assumptions about the rights to environmental resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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49. What does sustainability demand? An institutionalist analysis with applications to China.

Author

Tan, Rong, Hu, Rumei, and Vatn, Arild

Subjects
NATURAL resources management, CLIMATE change, ECONOMIC development, SUSTAINABILITY, INFORMATION technology
Abstract

In this paper we discuss if existing political and economic institutions can ensure sustainable futures. We do so by combining a global outlook with more specifically examining the situation in China. Present institutions foster growth, they are however weak at motivating actions that keep economies within an environmentally safe and socially just space. We especially note the challenges that strong focus on growth combined with ex post environmental regulations create for natural systems with tipping-points. In this situation, there is a need to change institutions to ensure strong emphasis on long-term sustainability as opposed to short term economic surplus. Regarding political decision-making, we discuss ways to break short-termism through strengthening public deliberation as well as formalizing political responsibility for the future. Regarding economic institutions, we emphasize the need to widen the goals of firms including responsibilities for environmental qualities. The latter may demand changes in ownership structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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50. Choices without prices without apologies

Author

Vatn, Arild and Bromley, Daniel W.

Subjects
Value analysis (Cost control) -- Analysis, Natural resources -- Economic aspects, Economics, Environmental services industry
Abstract

Economic valuation of environmental goods and services are formed from modeling techniques that render the derived information incomplete and insufficient for policy-making applications. Contingent valuation methods reduce information into single metrics that leave out significant information, since environmental goods and services are characterized by multiple factors and attributes that cannot all be accounted for in the valuation process. Thus the resulting metric contains inherent uncertainties that would make decisions based upon it erroneous and unreliable.

Published
1994

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