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7. Effect of adequacy of empirical antibiotic therapy for hospital-acquired bloodstream infections on intensive care unit patient prognosis: a causal inference approach using data from the Eurobact2 study

Author

Tabah, Alexis, Lipman, Jeffrey, Pollock, Hamish, Ben Margetts, Udy, Andrew, Young, Meredith, Bhadange, Neeraj, Tyler, Steven, Ledtischke, Anne, Finnis, Mackenzie, Dwivedi, Jyotsna, Saxena, Manoj, Biradar, Vishwanath, Soar, Natalie, Sarode, Vineet, Brewster, David, Regli, Adrian, Weeda, Elizabeth, Ahmed, Samiul, Fourie, Cheryl, Laupland, Kevin, Ramanan, Mahesh, Walsham, James, Meyer, Jason, Litton, Edward, Maria Palermo, Anna, Yap, Timothy, Eroglu, Ege, George Attokaran, Antony, Jaramillo, C'havala, Nafees, Khalid Mk, Nafees, Khalid Mahmood Khan, Aqilah Haji Abd Rashid, Nurhikmahtul, Adi Muhamad Ibnu Walid, Haji, Mon, Tomas, Dhakshina Moorthi, P., Sudhirchandra, Shah, Sridharan, Dhadappa Damodar, Haibo, Qiu, Xie, Jianfeng, Jianfeng, Xie, Wei-Hua, Lu, Zhen, Wang, Qian, Chuanyun, Luo, Jili, Chen, Xiaomei, Wang, Hao, Zhao, Peng, Zhao, Juan, Wusi, Qiu, Mingmin, Chen, Xu, Lei, Yin, Chengfen, Wang, Ruilan, Wang, Jinfeng, Yin, Yongjie, Zhang, Min, Ye, Jilu, Hu, Chungfang, Zhou, Suming, Huang, Min, Yan, Jing, Wang, Yan, Qin, Bingyu, Ye, Ling, Weifeng, Xie, Peije, Li, Geng, Nan, Ling, Lowell, Hayashi, Yoshiro, Karumai, Toshiyuki, Yamasaki, Masaki, Hashimoto, Satoru, Hosokawa, Koji, Makino, Jun, Matsuyoshi, Takeo, Kuriyama, Akira, Shigemitsu, Hidenobu, Mishima, Yuka, Nagashima, Michio, Yoshida, Hideki, Fujitani, Shigeki, Omori, Koichiro, Rinka, Hiroshi, Saito, Hiroki, Atobe, Kaori, Kato, Hideaki, Takaki, Shunsuke, Sulaiman, Helmi, Shahnaz Hasan, M., Fadhil Hadi Jamaluddin, Muhamad, Pheng, Lee See, Visvalingam, Sheshendrasurian, Thing Liew, Mun, Ling Danny Wong, Siong, Khang Fong, Kean, Bt Abdul Rahman, Hamizah, Md Noor, Zuraini, Lee, Kok Tong, Hamid Azman, Abd., Zulfakar Mazlan, Mohd, Ali, Saedah, Hernandez, Aaron Mark, Abello, Anton, Jeon, Kyeongman, Lee, Sang-Min, Park, Sunghoon, Park, Seung Yong, Yoon Lim, Sung, Kwa, Andrea Lay Hoon, Yuan Goh, Qing, Ng, Shin Yi, An Lie, Sui, Junyang Goh, Ken, Yunkai Li, Andrew, Ong, Caroline Yu Ming, Yan Lim, Jia, Lishan Quah, Jessica, Ng, Kangqi, Xiang Long Ng, Louis, Yeh, Tony Yu-Chang, Chang Yeh, Yu, Chou, Nai-Kuan, Cia, Cong-Tat, Hu, Ting-Yu, Kuo, Li-Kuo, Ku, Shih-Chi, Wongsurakiat, Phunsup, Apichatbutr, Yutthana, Chiewroongroj, Supattra, Alsisi, Adel, Nadeem, Rashid, El Houfi, Ashraf, Elhadidy, Amr, Barsoum, Mina, Osman, Nermin, Mostafa, Tarek, Elbahnasawy, Mohamed, Saber, Ahmed, Aldhalia, Amer, Elmandouh, Omar, Elsayed, Ahmed, Elbadawy, Merihan A., Awad, Ahmed K., Hemead, Hanan M., Zand, Farid, Ouhadian, Maryam, Hamid Borsi, Seyed, Mehraban, Zahra, Kashipazha, Davood, Ahmadi, Fatemeh, Savaie, Mohsen, Soltani, Farhad, Rashidi, Mahboobeh, Baghbanian, Reza, Javaherforoosh, Fatemeh, Amiri, Fereshteh, Kiani, Arash, Amin Zargar, Mohammad, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Aalinezhad, Fatemeh, Dabiri, Gholamreza, Sabetian, Golnar, Sarshad, Hakimeh, Masjedi, Mansoor, Tajvidi, Ramin, Nasirodin (S.M.N.) Tabatabaei, Dr Seyed Mohammad, Ahmed, Abdullah Khudhur, Singer, Pierre, Kagan, Ilya, Rigler, Merav, Belman, Daniel, Levin, Phillip, Harara, Belal, Diab, Adei, Abillama, Fayez, Abilama, Fayez, Ibrahim, Rebecca, Fares, Aya, Elhadi, Muhammed, Buimsaedah, Ahmad, Gamra, Marwa, Aqeelah, Ahmed, Ali Mohammed Ali, Almajdoub, Gaber Sadik Homaidan, Ahmed, Almiqlash, Bushray, Bilkhayr, Hala, Bouhuwaish, Ahmad, Sa Taher, Ahmed, Abdulwahed, Eman, Abousnina, Fathi A., Khaled Hdada, Aisha, Jobran, Rania, Ben Hasan, Hayat, Shaban Ben Hasan, Rabab, Khalid Abidi, Serghini, Issam, Seddiki, Rachid, Boukatta, Brahim, Kanjaa, Nabil, Mouhssine, Doumiri, Ahmed Wajdi, Maazouzi, Dendane, Tarek, Ali Zeggwagh, Amine, Housni, Brahim, Younes, Oujidi, Hachimi, Abdelhamid, Ghannam, A., Belkhadir, Z., Abu Jayyab, Mustafa, Aithssain, Ali, Lance, Marcus, Nissar, Shaikh, Sallam, Hend, Elrabi, Omar, Almekhlafi, Ghaleb A., Awad, Maher, Aljabbary, Ahmed, Karam Chaaban, Mohammad, Abu-Sayf, Natalia, Al-Jadaan, Mohammad, Bakr, Lubna, Mounir Bouaziz, Bouaziz, Mounir, Turki, Olfa, Sellami, Walid, Vidal, Gabriela, Centeno, Pablo, Morvillo, Natalia, Oscar Acevedo, José, Mabel Lopez, Patricia, Fernández, Rubén, Segura, Matías, Aparicio, Marta, Alonzo, Irene, Nuccetelli, Yanina, Montefiore, Pablo, Arias, Mario, Felipe Reyes, Luis, Ñamendys-Silva, Silvio A., Romero-Gonzalez, Juan P., Hermosillo, Mariana, Alejandro Castillo, Roberto, Nicolás Pantoja Leal, Jesús, Garcia Aguilar, Candy, Ocotlan Gonzalez Herrera, Mara, Vladimir Espinoza Villafuerte, Missael, Lomeli-Teran, Manuel, Dominguez-Cherit, Jose G., Davalos-Alvarez, Adrian, Sánchez-Hurtado, Luis, Tejeda-Huezo, Brigitte, Perez-Nieto, Orlando R., Deloya Tomas, Ernesto, De Bus, Liesbet, De Waele, Jan, Francois, Guy, Hollevoet, Isabelle, Denys, Wouter, Bourgeois, Marc, Vanderhaeghen, Sofie F.M., Mesland, Jean-Baptiste, Henin, Pierre, Haentjens, Lionel, Biston, Patrick, Noel, Cindérella, Layos, Nathalie, Misset, Benoît, De Schryver, Nicolas, Serck, Nicolas, Wittebole, Xavier, De Waele, Elisabeth, Opdenacker, Godelive, Kovacevic, Pedja, Zlojutro, Biljana, Ina, Filipovic-Grcic, Custovic, Aida, Filipovic-Grcic, Ina, Radonic, Radovan, Vujaklija Brajkovic, Ana, Persec, Jasminka, Sakan, Sanja, Nikolic, Mario, Lasic, Hrvoje, Leone, Marc, Timsit, Jean-François, Ruppe, Etienne, Ruckly, Stephane, Montravers, Philippe, Arbelot, Charlotte, Patrier, Juliette, Zappela, N., Montravers, P., Dulac, Thierry, Castanera, Jérémy, Auchabie, Johann, Le Meur, Anthony, Marchalot, A., Beuzelin, M., Massri, Alexandre, Guesdon, Charlotte, Escudier, Etienne, Mateu, Philippe, Rosman, Jérémy, Leroy, Olivier, Alfandari, Serge, Nica, Alexandru, Souweine, Bertrand, Coupez, Elisabeth, Duburcq, Thibault, Kipnis, Eric, Bortolotti, Perrine, Le Souhaitier, Mathieu, Mira, Jean-Paul, Garcon, Pierre, Duprey, Matthieu, Thyrault, Martial, Paulet, Rémi, Philippart, François, Tran, Marc, Bruel, Cédric, Weiss, Emmanuel, Janny, Sylvie, Foucrier, Arnaud, Perrigault, Pierre-François, Djanikian, Flora, Barbier, François, Gainnier, Marc, Bourenne, Jérémy, Louis, Guillaume, Smonig, Roland, Argaud, Laurent, Baudry, Thomas, Mekonted Dessap, Armand, Razazi, Keyvan, Kalfon, Pierre, Badre, Gaëtan, Larcher, Romaric, Lefrant, Jean-Yves, Roger, Claire, Sarton, Benjamine, Silva, Stein, Demeret, Sophie, Le Guennec, Loïc, Siami, Shidasp, Aparicio, Christelle, Voiriot, Guillaume, Fartoukh, Muriel, Dahyot-Fizelier, Claire, Imzi, Nadia, Klouche, Kada, Bracht, Hendrik, Hoheisen, Sandra, Bloos, Frank, Thomas-Rueddel, Daniel, Petros, Sirak, Pasieka, Bastian, Dubler, Simon, Schmidt, Karsten, Gottschalk, Antje, Wempe, Carola, Lepper, Philippe, Metz, Carlos, Viderman, Dmitriy, Umbetzhanov, Yerlan, Mugazov, Miras, Bazhykayeva, Yelena, Kaligozhin, Zhannur, Babashev, Baurzhan, Merenkov, Yevgeniy, Temirov, Talgat, Arvaniti, Kostoula, Smyrniotis, Dimitrios, Psallida, Vasiliki, Fildisis, Georgios, Soulountsi, Vasiliki, Kaimakamis, Evangelos, Iasonidou, Cristina, Papoti, Sofia, Renta, Foteini, Vasileiou, Maria, Romanou, Vasiliki, Koutsoukou, Vasiliki, Kristina Matei, Mariana, Moldovan, Leora, Karaiskos, Ilias, Paskalis, Harry, Marmanidou, Kyriaki, Papanikolaou, M., Kampolis, C., Oikonomou, Marina, Kogkopoulos, Evangelos, Nikolaou, Charikleia, Sakkalis, Anastasios, Chatzis, Marinos, Georgopoulou, Maria, Efthymiou, Anna, Chantziara, Vasiliki, Sakagianni, Aikaterini, Athanasa (Athanassa), Zoi (Zoe), Papageorgiou, Eirini, Ali, Fadi, Dimopoulos, Georges, Panagiota Almiroudi, Mariota, Malliotakis, Polychronis, Marouli, Diamantina, Theodorou, Vasiliki, Retselas, Ioannis, Kouroulas, Vasilios, Papathanakos, Georgios, Bassetti, Matteo, Giacobbe, Daniele, Montrucchio, Giorgia, Sales, Gabriele, De Pascale, Gennaro, Maria Montini, Luca, Carelli, Simone, Vargas, Joel, Di Gravio, Valentina, Roberto Giacobbe, Daniele, Gratarola, Angelo, Porcile, Elisa, Mirabella, Michele, Daroui, Ivan, Lodi, Giovanni, Zuccaro, Francesco, Grazia Schlevenin, Maria, Pelosi, Paolo, Battaglini, Denise, Cortegiani, Andrea, Ippolito, Mariachiara, Bellina, Davide, Di Guardo, Andrea, Pelagalli, Lorella, Covotta, Marco, Rocco, Monica, Fiorelli, Silvia, Cotoia, Antonella, Chiara Rizzo, Anna, Adam Mikstacki, Mikstacki, Adam, Tamowicz, Barbara, Kaptur Komorowska, Irmina, Szczesniak, Anna, Bojko, Jozef, Kotkowska, Anna, Walczak-Wieteska, Paulina, Wasowska, Dominika, Nowakowski, Tomasz, Broda, Hanna, Mariusz Peichota, Assoc, Pietraszek-Grzywaczewska, Iwona, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Bisanti, Alessandra, Paiva, José Artur, Póvoa, Pedro, Cartoze, Nuno, Pereira, Tiago, Guimarães, Nádia, Alves, Madalena, Josefina Pinheiro Marques, Ana, Rios Pinto, Ana, Krystopchuk, Andriy, Teresa, Ana, Manuel Pereira de Figueiredo, António, Botelho, Isabel, Duarte, Tiago, Costa, Vasco, Pedro Cunha, Rui, Molinos, Elena, Tito da Costa, Ledo, Sara, Queiró, Joana, Pascoalinho, Dulce, Nunes, Cristina, Pedro Moura, José, Pereira, Énio, Carvalho Mendes, António, Valeanu, Liana, Bubenek-Turconi, Serban, Marina Grintescu, Ioana, Cobilinschi, Cristian, Carmen Filipescu, Daniela, Elena Predoi, Cornelia, Tomescu, Dana, Popescu, Mihai, Marcu, Alexandra, Grigoras, Ioana, Lungu, Olguta, Gritsan, Alexey, Anderzhanova, Anastasia, Meleshkina, Yulia, Magomedov, Marat, Zubareva, Nadezhda, Tribulev, Maksim, Gaigolnik, Denis, Eremenko, Aleksandr, Vistovskaya, Natala, Chukina, Maria, Belskiy, Vladislav, Furman, Mikhail, Ferrer Rocca, Ricard, Martinez, Maria, Casares, Vanessa, Mellado Artigas, Ricard, Vera, Paula, Flores, Matias, Amador Amerigo, Joaquin, Gracia Arnillas, Maria Pilar, Munoz Bermudez, Rosana, Armestar, Fernando, Catalan, Beatriz, Roig, Regina, Raguer, Laura, Dolores Quesada, María, Diaz Santos, Emilio, Gomà, Gemma, Ubeda, Alejandro, Salgado, Maria, Forcelledo Espina, Lorena, Garcia Prieto, Emilio, Asensio, Mj, Rodriguez, M., Maseda, Dr Emilio, Suarez De La Rica, Alejandro, Ignacio Ayestaran, J., Novo, Mariana, Blasco-Navalpotro, Miguel Angel, Orejas Gallego, Alberto, Sjovall, Fredrik, Sjövall, Fredrik, Spahic, Dzana, Johan Svensson, Carl, Haney, Michael, Edin, Alicia, Åkerlund, Joyce, De Geer, Lina, Prazak, Josef, Buetti, Niccolò, Jakob, Stephan, Pagani, Jl, Abed-Maillard, S., Akova, Murat, Aslan, Abdullah Tarık, Aslan, Abdullah Tarik, Timuroglu, Arif, Kocagoz, Sesin, Kusoglu, Hulya, Mehtap, Selcuk, Ceyhun, Solakoğlu, Altintas, Dr. Neriman Defne, Talan, Leyla, Kayaaslan, Bircan, Kaya Kalem, Ayşe, Kurt, Dr. Ibrahim, Telli, Murat, Ozturk, Barcin, Erol, Çiğdem, Dindar Demiray, Emine Kubra, Çolak, Sait, Akbas, Türkay, Dr. Kursat Gundogan, Sari, Ali, Agalar, Canan, Çolak, Onur, Baykam, Nurcan (N), Akdogan, Ozlem (O), Yilmaz, Mesut, Tunay, Burcu, Cakmak, Rumeysa, Saltoglu, Nese, Karaali, Ridvan, Iftihar Koksal, Firdevs Aksoy, Eroglu, Ahmet, Tolga Saracoglu, Kemal, Bilir, Yeliz, Guzeldag, Seda, Ersoz, Gulden, Evik, Guliz, Sungurtekin, Hulya, Ozgen, Cansu, Erdoğan, Cem, Gürbüz, Yunus, Altin, Nilgün, Bayindir, Yasar, Ersoy, Yasemin, Goksu, Senay, Akyol, Ahmet, Dr, Kartal, Batirel, Ayse, Cagan Aktas, Sabahat, Morris, Andrew Conway, Conway Morris, Andrew, Routledge, Matthew, Ercole, Ari, Antcliffe, David, Rojo, Roceld, Tizard, Kate, Faulkner, Maria, Cowton, Amanda, Kent, Melanie, Raj, Ashok, Zormpa, Artemis, Tinaslanidis, George, Khade, Reena, Torlinski, Tomasz, Mulhi, Randeep, Goyal, Shraddha, Bajaj, Manan, Soltan, Marina, Yonan, Aimee, Dolan, Rachael, Johnson, Aimee, Macfie, Caroline, Lennard, James, Templeton, Maie, Sousa Arias, Sonia, Franke, Uwe, Hugill, Keith, Angell, Hollie, Benjamin J Parcell, Cobb, Katherine, Cole, Stephen, Smith, Tim, Graham, Clive, Cerman, Jaroslav, Keegan, Allison, Ritzema, Jenny, Sanderson, Amanda, Roshdy, Ashraf, Szakmany, Tamas, Baumer, Tom, Longbottom, Rebecca, Hall, Daniel, Tatham, Kate, Loftus, S., Husain, A., Black, E., Jhanji, S., Rao Baikady, R., Mcguigan, Peter, Mckee, Rachel, Kannan, Santhana, Antrolikar, Supriya, Marsden, Nicholas, Della Torre, Valentina, Banach, Dorota, Zaki, Ahmed, Jackson, Matthew, Chikungwa, Moses, Attwood, Ben, Patel, Jamie, Rebecca E Tilley, Humphreys, Sally K., Jean Renaud, Paul, Sokhan, Anton, Burma, Yaroslava, Sligl, Wendy, Baig, Nadia, McCoshen, Lorena, Kutsogiannis, Demetrios J., Thompson, Patricia, Hewer, Tayne, Rabbani, Raihan, Huq, Shihan Mahmud Redwanul, Hasan, Rajib, Motiul Islam, Mohammad, Gurjar, Mohan, Baronia, Arvind, Kothari, Nikhil, Sharma, Ankur, Karmakar, Saurabh, Sharma, Priya, Nimbolkar, Janardan, Samdani, Pratit, Vaidyanathan, R., Ahmedi Rubina, Noor, Jain, Nikhilesh, Pahuja, Madhumati, Singh, Ritu, Shekhar, Saurav, Syed, Nabeel Muzaffar, Ozair, Ahmad, Sarwar Siddiqui, Suhail, Bose, Payel, Datta, Avijatri, Rathod, Darshana, Patel, Mayur, MK, Renuka, Sailaja, K Baby, Dsilva, Carol, Chandran, Jagadish, Ghosh, Pralay, Mukherjee, Sudipta, Sheshala, Kaladhar, Chandra Misra, Krushna, Adekola, Oyebola O., Yusuf Yakubu, Saidu, Mgbosoro Ugwu, Euphemia, Olatosi, John (O), Desalu, Ibironke, Asiyanbi, Gabriel, Oladimeji, Motunrayo, Idowu, Olusola, Adeola, Fowotade, Mer, Mervyn, Mc Cree, Melanie, El Sanousi, Dr. Bashir, Adil Ali Karar, Ali, Saidahmed, Elfayadh, Hamid, Hytham K.S., Loiodice, Ambre, Bailly, Sébastien, Ruckly, Stéphane, and Staiquly, Quentin

Published
2024
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8. Recent advancements in critical care: Part I

Author

Gopal, Palepu B., Karim, Habib Md Reazaul, Karthekeyan, Ranjit, Raphael, Paul Ovungal, Tiwaskar, Shilpa, and Vaidyanathan, R

Subjects
Strategic planning (Business), Ultrasound imaging, Medical colleges, Methicillin
Abstract

ABSTRACT Medical colleges are now developing or refurbishing their anaesthesia intensive care units. In most teaching colleges, the residency post includes working in the critical care unit (CCU). Critical care is a rapidly evolving and popular super-speciality for postgraduate students. In some hospitals, anaesthesiologists play a key role in the management of the CCU. As perioperative physicians, all anaesthesiologists should be aware of the recent advancements in diagnostic and monitoring gadgets and investigations in critical care so that they may manage perioperative events effectively. Haemodynamic monitoring gives us warning signs about the change in the internal milieu of the patient. Point-of-care ultrasonography helps in rapid differential diagnosis. Point-of-care diagnostics give us instant bed-side information on the condition of a patient. Biomarkers help in confirming diagnosis, in monitoring, treatment, and providing prognosis. Molecular diagnostics guide anaesthesiologists in providing specific treatment to a causative agent. This article touches upon all of these management strategies in critical care and attempts to put forth the recent advancements in this speciality. Keywords: Biomarkers, Doppler ultrasonography, molecular sequence annotation, perfusion imaging, point-of-care testing, Author(s): Palepu B. Gopal (corresponding author) [1]; Habib Md Reazaul Karim [2]; Ranjit Karthekeyan [3]; Paul Ovungal Raphael [4]; Shilpa Tiwaskar [5]; R Vaidyanathan [6] INTRODUCTION Patients requiring critical care [...]

Published
2023
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11. Seeing the Elephant: A Systematic Scoping Review and Comparison of Patient-Centeredness Conceptualizations from Three Seminal Perspectives

Author

Olson AW, Stratton TP, Isetts BJ, Vaidyanathan R, Van Hooser JC, and Schommer JC

Subjects
patient-centeredness, medicine, nursing, health policy, pharmacy, systematic scoping review, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Anthony W Olson,1,2 Timothy P Stratton,2 Brian J Isetts,3 Rajiv Vaidyanathan,4 Jared C Van Hooser,2 Jon C Schommer3 1Research Division, Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, MN, USA; 2Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota – College of Pharmacy, Duluth, MN, USA; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Systems, University of Minnesota – College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA; 4Department of Marketing, University of Minnesota Duluth – Labovitz School of Business and Economics, Duluth, MN, USACorrespondence: Anthony W Olson 502 E 2nd Street, Duluth, MN, 55805, USATel +1 218 786 1754Fax +1 218 786 8159Email anthony.olson@essentiahealth.orgAbstract: “Patient-Centeredness” (PC) is a theoretical construct made up of a diverse constellation of distinct concepts, processes, practices, and outcomes that have been developed, arranged, and prioritized heterogeneously by different communities of professional healthcare practice, research, and policy. It is bound together by a common ethos that puts the holistic individual at the functional and symbolic center of their care, a quality deemed essential for chronic disease management and health promotion. Several important contributions to the PC research space have adeptly integrated seminal PC conceptualizations to improve conceptual clarity, measurement, implementation, and evaluation in research and practice. This systematic scoping review builds on that work, but with a purpose to explicitly identify, compare, and contrast the seminal PC conceptualizations arising from the different healthcare professional groups. The rationale for this work is that a deeper examination of the underlying development and corresponding assumptions from each respective conceptualization will lead to a more informed understanding of and meaningful contributions to PC research and practice, especially for healthcare professional groups newer to the topic area like pharmacy. The literature search identified four seminal conceptualizations from the healthcare professions of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Policy. A compositional comparison across the seminal conceptualizations revealed a shared ethos but also six distinguishing features: (1) organizational structure; (2) predominant level of care; (3) methodological approach; (4) care setting origin; (5) outcomes of interest; and (6) language. The findings illuminate PC’s stable theoretical foundations and distinctive nuances needed to appropriately understand, apply, and evaluate the construct’s operationalization in contemporary healthcare research and practice. These considerations hold important implications for future research into the fundamental aims of healthcare, how it should look when practiced, and what should reasonably be required of it.Keywords: patient-centeredness, medicine, nursing, health policy, pharmacy, systematic scoping review

Published
2021

22. Theoretical and experimental studies of electrical conductivity for functionally graded, heterogeneous surfaces.

Author

Jennings, J. M., Vaidyanathan, R., and Kar, A.

Subjects
*MAXWELL equations, *ELECTROMAGNETISM, *ELECTRIC conductivity, *RADIO frequency, *SURFACE conductivity
Abstract

A theoretical approach for estimating solutions to Maxwell's equations for structures with spatially-varying electromagnetic properties is presented for conductive media containing surfaces modified with functionally graded, heterogeneous electrical conductivity. The basis of the approach is an equivalent depth technique that replaces a graded conductivity region consisting of a phase mixture with a series of thin layers with uniform, multi-phase properties locally matching the effective mixture properties of the graded region. Radio frequency field propagation within each layer is determined as if it had existed within a constant conductivity medium but its depth is electromagnetically equivalent to the replaced graded region existing prior to the layer. The equivalent depth approach was applied to planar, thin foil, and cylindrical media to enable comparison with experimental results. Model predictions were compared with total transmission results for Pt-doped titanium thin foils and steady-state temperature rise in closed wire loops made from Sn-modified copper wire. For the thin foil case, the model-predicted total transmissivity shows good agreement with trends in the experimental results due to property changes in the modified surface layers. In the cylindrical wire case, similar agreement between the predicted effective conductivity values for the modified layers and experimental results was observed. Thus, the equivalent depth approach is an effective method for estimating solutions to Maxwell's equations in complex media and a useful tool for predicting the performance of tailored surface conductivity modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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27. Development of Forms and Functions of Negation in the Early Stages of Language Acquisition: A Study in Tamil.

Author

Vaidyanathan, R.

Abstract

The development of forms and functions of negation in parent-child interactions in the early stages of language acquisition is discussed with illustrative examples from field data relating to two Tamil-speaking children and their parents. An attempt is made to provide a scheme for analyzing the negatives in children's speech. (18 references) (JL)

Published
1991

29. SANDWICH COMPOSITES: Sandwich Composites for Improved Thermal and Acoustic Protection.

Author

Obaid, A. A., Gillespie Jr., J. W., Chaudhari, S., Baxter, L., and Vaidyanathan, R.

Subjects
TRANSFER molding, HYBRID materials, SANDWICH construction (Materials), COMPOSITE structures, THERMAL shielding, TRANSMISSION of sound, THERMAL insulation, URETHANE foam
Abstract

The objective was to manufacture and test hybrid composite sandwich structures for improved thermal and acoustic protection properties compared to state-of-the-art sandwich structures. Hybrid sandwich composite panels consisting of a flexible silica aerogel core, Divinycell foam encapsulated with a Gore membrane layer and E-glass fiber infused with SC-15 epoxy or vinyl ester (VE) face-sheets were manufactured by Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) process. The porous aerogel core was encapsulated with a Gore membrane layer to allow for the removal of air while preventing resin infiltration during processing. These multifunctional composites combine thermal and acoustic shielding with structural performance. Baseline tests were conducted with the aerogel core encapsulated with glass fiber reinforced SC-15 epoxy facesheets while the final tests were conducted on the sandwich composite that also included the Divinycell foam and infused with VE resin. Steady-state thermal and acoustic measurements were performed in the temperature range of 66°C to 200°C and in the frequency range of 125 Hz to 8000 Hz, respectively. The surface temperature on the cold side of the composite panels was reduced by 62 to 68% to between 35 and 44°C (95 to 112°F) even when the hot-side temperature of the panels reached 149°C (300°F). From acoustic test results, it was shown that the aerogel material provided significant improvements in acoustic damping and reduction in sound transmission. The transmission loss (TL) for the composite panels was between 23 and 51 dB in the frequency range of 125-8000 Hz. These results were accomplished with a composite panel close to 25 mm (1") in thickness. Structural test results indicated that the encapsulation of aerogel blankets within the composite resulted in a reduction of 34% in the moment capacity and 46% in the flexural stiffness. From the results, a sandwich composite panel composed of epoxy face sheets and a combination of Divinycell foam layer, and a silica-based aerogel core represents a lightweight sandwich composite offered significant improvements in thermal insulation and acoustic damping. The encapsulation of the core in the sandwich also protected the core from damage and extended the useful life of the insulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022

42. Aligned human cardiac syncytium for in vitro analysis of electrical, structural, and mechanical readouts.

Author

Napiwocki, B. N., Lang, D., Stempien, A., Zhang, J., Vaidyanathan, R., Makielski, J. C., Eckhardt, L. L., Glukhov, A. V., Kamp, T. J., and Crone, W. C.

Abstract

Human pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC‐CMs) have emerged as an exciting new tool for cardiac research and can serve as a preclinical platform for drug development and disease modeling studies. However, these aspirations are limited by current culture methods in which hPSC‐CMs resemble fetal human cardiomyocytes in terms of structure and function. Herein we provide a novel in vitro platform that includes patterned extracellular matrix with physiological substrate stiffness and is amenable to both mechanical and electrical analysis. Micropatterned lanes promote the cellular and myofibril alignment of hPSC‐CMs while the addition of micropatterned bridges enable formation of a functional cardiac syncytium that beats synchronously over a large two‐dimensional area. We investigated the electrophysiological properties of the patterned cardiac constructs and showed they have anisotropic electrical impulse propagation, as occurs in the native myocardium, with speeds 2x faster in the primary direction of the pattern as compared to the transverse direction. Lastly, we interrogated the mechanical function of the pattern constructs and demonstrated the utility of this platform in recording the strength of cardiomyocyte contractions. This biomimetic platform with electrical and mechanical readout capabilities will enable the study of cardiac disease and the influence of pharmaceuticals and toxins on cardiomyocyte function. The platform also holds potential for high throughput evaluation of drug safety and efficacy, thus furthering our understanding of cardiovascular disease and increasing the translational use of hPSC‐CMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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44. Measurement of induced currents in radio frequency magnetic fields based on near field antenna perturbations.

Author

Jennings, J. M., Kar, A., and Vaidyanathan, R.

Subjects
ELECTROMAGNETIC measurements, MAGNETIC fields, RADIO frequency, LOOP antennas, MAGNETIC flux density, ELECTROMAGNETIC compatibility
Abstract

A measurement system is developed utilizing electromagnetic compatibility test equipment for the study of induced current in conductive materials subjected to radio frequency (RF) magnetic field strengths similar to the 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) B1 magnetic field at ∼65 MHz. The intent of developing such a system was to produce μT range RF magnetic fields in the laboratory to facilitate characterization of induction in conductive materials with modified surface electromagnetic properties to address unintended eddy current issues like Joule heating caused by implanted devices during MRI. A Helmholtz coil (HHC) is used as the RF magnetic field source, and the radiated field is monitored using a receiving loop antenna positioned coaxially outside the HHC. The measurement system operates in continuous wave and pulsed wave modes. Analytical models of the system were derived, which calculate the spatial distribution of RF magnetic flux and the induced current within a coaxially located sample in the transmission path between the HHC and receiving (R/C) loop from output voltage measurements at a single coaxial position. Induced currents were evaluated at multiple flux densities and at different frequencies, showing direct proportionality over the flux densities tested. Induced current results recorded in samples of different sizes and electrical conductivities (ranging from 0.1 to 5.8 × 107 (Ω m)−1 produced changes, matching trends predicted by conductive, closed-loop antenna theory. Induced currents were also used with simultaneous temperature rise measurements to characterize the effective surface conductivity for wire with non-uniform properties at 65 MHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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45. Production potential of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under intercropping system-A review.

Author

SYED ABUL HASSAN HUSSAINY, BRINDAVATHY, R., and VAIDYANATHAN, R.

Subjects
PEANUTS, CASH crops, PEARL millet, GLYCINE (Plants), ARACHIS, CATCH crops
Abstract

Groundnut is one of the major oilseed crops of India accounting for 25% of total oilseed production in the country. India's vegetable oil requirement by 2022 is estimated 33.2 million tonnes and currently imports about 70% of the requirement accounting for about 73,000 crores per annum. Further, industrialization and urbanization have led to decrease land availability, moreover, farmers primarily focus on cultivation of cash crops like cotton, maize, etc. This along with pulses shortage has led to malnutrition creating a serious consequence to the growing generation. This situation can be overcome by intercropping system which aims at increasing productivity at a particular time, but also insurances against total crop failure. It is very important that the performance under intercropping system depends on the selection of suitable intercrop where both sustain and bloom. This review outlines on groundnut based intercropping with castor, blackgram, sesame and pearl millet crops. From the review collected it could be confirmed that groundnut performs well under intercropping system but with certain short duration crops. This could be primarily due to the lesser shading effect caused by the companion short duration crop and also enhanced pod development after the harvest. Therefore, the compatibility within the intercropping systems needs to be clearly understood and thereby disseminated to the farming community the backbone of our nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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46. Development of Forms and Functions of Interrogatives in Children: A Longitudinal Study in Tamil.

Author

Vaidyanathan, R.

Abstract

Analysis of the development of the forms and functions of interrogatives in Tamil-speaking parent-child interactions during early stages of language acquisition revealed that children first acquired and used intonation questions, followed by questions using "where,""what," and "who." Yes/no questions using the interrogative marker were followed by question words that took case markers. (Author/CB)

Published
1988

47. Superelastic response of [111] and [101] oriented NiTi micropillars.

Author

Manjeri, R. M., Qiu, S., Mara, N., Misra, A., and Vaidyanathan, R.

Subjects
NICKEL, TITANIUM, CRYSTALS, CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, NEUTRON diffraction
Abstract

A combination of microcompression experiments on single crystal micron-scaled pillars of NiTi of known orientations and in situ neutron diffraction during loading of the same NiTi but in bulk, polycrystalline form are carried out to understand the stress-induced transformation associated with superelasticity at reduced length scales. At the length scales investigated, there is evidence through this work of a fully reversible stress-induced transformation from B2 to B19′ NiTi that does not involve additional dislocation activity or irrecoverable strains. The orientation dependence of the elastic deformation of the B2 phase, the onset of its transformation to the B19′ phase, the gradient and the hysteresis in the stress-strain response during transformation, the elastic modulus of the stress-induced B19′ phase and the onset of plasticity are quantified and analyzed in these experiments by examining the crystallography of the B2 to B19′ transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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