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Este reporte de caso describe la resección quirúrgica exitosa de un condroma de gran tamaño localizado en las dos últimas costillas y pared abdominal craneal izquierda de un canino, usando una malla de polipropileno, omento y avance del diafragma. Se discute la técnica quirúrgica y los materiales utilizados en el procedimiento, así como la evolución posquirúrgica del paciente.

Abstract Background Aseptic loosening due to bone remodelling processes after total hip replacement is one common cause for revision surgery. In human medicine, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the gold standard for quantitative evaluation of bone mineral density, whereas in veterinary medicine conventional radiography is used for follow-up studies. Recently, a method has been described using digital X-ray images for quantitative assessment of grey scale values of bone contrast. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation of bone mineral density (BMD) measured by DEXA with grey scale values (GV) measured in digital X-ray images (RX50, RX66) ex vivo. Results The measured GV in the chosen X-ray settings showed on average a good correlation (r = 0.61) to the measured BMD with DEXA. Correlation between the two X-ray settings was very good (r = 0.81). For comparisons among regions of interests (ROIs) a difference of 8.2% was found to be statistically significant, whereas in the case of RX50 and RX66 differences of 5.3% and 4.1% were found to be statistically significant. Conclusions Results indicate that measuring absolute changes in bone mineral density might be possible using digital radiography. Not all significant differences between ROIs detectable with DEXA can be displayed in the X-ray images because of the lower sensitivity of the radiographs. However, direct comparison of grey scale values of the periprosthetic femur in one individual patient during the follow-up period, in order to predict bone remodelling processes, should be possible, but with a lesser sensitivity than with DEXA. It is important that the same X-ray settings are chosen for each patient for follow-up studies.

Pathologic changes due to joint replacement in patients suffering from osteoporosis affect the bone microstructure and the implant stability. In order to assess changes in bone density as an improvement index of the trabecular microarchitecture, Ti6Al4V screws were biofunctionalized by electrospray (Electrostatic Spray Deposition) with TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2np) or nanoparticles of TiO2 and raloxifene (TiO2np+R). These treated screws were implanted into adult female Wistar rats at the proximal femur right and left, respectively. Untreated titanium screws were used in the distal portion of each femur as a negative control. Radiographic examinations of each femur were made 50 and 80 days post screw implantation and the regions of interest in the neighborhood of the bolts were extracted to compare the bone density of the distal (untreated) vs. proximal (treated) bolts and the proximal left (TiO2np) vs. proximal right (TiO2np+R) regions. Subsequently, the specimens were euthanized so as to correlate the images with both the microscopic and macroscopic changes from bone to implant. The results of this preliminary study showed that the biofunctionalization with TiO2np+R improves the response to the implant, increasing the osseous density from the radiological perspective and favoring the osseointegration from both a microscopic and macroscopic perspective.