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The study presents the results of an experimental study devoted to the choice of the most optimal mode of pulsed contact laser exposure of semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 445 nm in phonosurgery, which implies maximum preservation of anatomically and functionally significant structures of the larynx combined with a radical approach to the pathological process. From the standpoint of the mucoundular theory of voice formation, wave-like oscillations of the vocal folds are possible due to the mobility of the cover layer of the vocal fold (epithelium, superficial layer of the lamina propria) relative to its body (deep layer of the lamina propria, vocal muscle). Thus, any injury at the level of the integumentary layer is associated with the risk of excessive scarring and loss of the ability to wave-like sliding. Pig vocal folds, according to a number of authors, have a structure similar to human ones in terms of both histological structure and acoustic parameters, which justifies the rationality of their use as an experimental model. In a series of experiments using a 445 nm laser, contact pulsed impacts on a biological model were carried out with pulse durations of 10, 20, 50, and 100 ms, followed by evaluation of the following parameters based on the data of histological sections: the depth and width of the ablation crater, the width of the zone of lateral thermal damage. Thus, the most optimal for phonosurgical interventions modes of pulsed laser exposures with a wavelength of 445 nm are described.

Acute and chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract occupy a leading position in the structure of the pathology of the world’s population and remain the most frequent reason for patients seeking medical care. The prevalence and frequency of this disease in this nosological group makes a decisive contribution to the structure of the causes of temporary disability, which entails significant negative social and economic consequences. In this aspect, the spread of resistance of pathogens to etiotropic drugs and the insufficient arsenal of pathogenetic drugs stimulate the medical community to search for alternative approaches to the treatment of patients with respiratory pathology. One of these therapeutic areas is the use of immunomodulators, the most commonly used group of which are bacterial lysates. In the modern literature, sufficiently convincing data have been accumulated on the effectiveness of the use of bacterial lysates of systemic action, as a result of which the immune cells of the gastrointestinal tract are activated, which in turn leads to the restoration of autoregulation of the immune response throughout the body, and a decrease in the frequency of infectious and allergic diseases. The latest developments of domestic pharmacologists are topical bacterial lysates, the principle of which is based on the local activation of mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract. The undoubted advantage is that bacterial lysates, with all their effectiveness, do not harm the human microbiome, practically do not cause side reactions, combine well with other drugs, and can also be used at any stage of the disease, including for prophylactic purposes.

The relevance of the paper is associated with the motive of death, structure-directing for whole Rasputin's prose. The common notions about world order are imaged in the rite of passage, the most important rite in the funeral complex. The paper analyses the 1990s novels – «Into the same land» («V tu zhe zemlu»), «The day of prayer for the dead» («Pominnyj den»), «Hut» («Izba») as the most representative. The method of the research is hermeneutic. The obsequies in the late Rasputin's novels are essentially transformed. This deals with author's search of the new foundation of existence, the new protogonist who is able to survive in the chaotic world. The research revealed that the openness of the death, fusion of pagan and Christian symbols, development of the new space, which could become the foundation of the nation’s self-escape, are significant for the poetics of Rasputin’s late novels. The death of the patriarchal hero (the rite of separation) is understood as an end, but the death of old women becomes a creation of new space, transformation of existence. Intermediate rite presents the transformation of the principles through association with the afterworld. The function of the conductor, helping the deceased to join the world of the dead, is important. This role is taken by Pashuta («In the same land»), becoming the «cering being», Olka («The day of prayer for the dead»), proceeding posteriori ritual by the song, the hut («Hut») is converted into a transitional space. The rite of inclusion is permissible only after deep changes in the foundations of the present, which makes the possibility to survive. Thus, in V. Rasputin’s late texts death is revealed as a continuation of life, and life is often as a preparation for the transition. The changing of life entails the transformation of the funeral rite, which makes us to look for another model of the world.

One of the most outstanding scientific achievements in the thrombolysis is the development and administration of fibrinolysin - the first Soviet drug that lyses blood clots. Intracoronary administration of fibrinolysin reduced the mortality of patients with myocardial infarction by almost 20%. For his work in this field Yevgeny Chazov was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1982. Over the next decades, under his leadership, the Cardiology Center established scientific and clinical laboratories that created new generations of drugs based on fibrinolytics for treating patients with myocardial infarction, restoration of blood flow in ischemic tissue, and also studying the mechanisms of remodeling of blood vessels involving the fibrinolysis system. It have been found new mechanisms of regulation of the navigation of blood vessels and nerves growth, tumor growth and its metastasis with the participation of the fibrinolysis system proteins. The review reports the role of the fibrinolysis system in the thrombolysis, blood vessels growth and remodeling, neurogenesis, carcinogenesis and fibrosis. The article is dedicated to the 90th anniversary of academician E.I. Chazov.

The main purpose of the article is to present possibilities of the method of relief plastic with the forecast of of oil deposits. The method is developed, formalized and mathematically confirmed by the group of scientists of Pushchino scientific center headed by Professor I.N. Stepanova in the 80-ies of 20th century [Stepanov et al., 1977; Stepanov, 2006] In the process of long-term studies of the behavior of lithodynamic structures and systems, the method was successfully tested in the fields of Krasnodar Region, Astrakhan Region, Western Siberia, Kalmykia, Argentina, Venezuela, Kuwait, USA, etc. Currently, this set of operations is called by scientists-developers of the method lithodynamic or paleostructural analysis. The method includes: the imaging technology of lithodynamic structures and systems in the Earth’s surface by contours of the structural, topographic and bathymetric charts; analysis of the forms of lithodynamic structures and systems; outlook (recommendations)of the provisions of the hydrocarbons. The case study of Africa has highlighted the analysis of the lithodynamic structures identified by the method of relief plastic and the possibility of their use. It is assumed that the largest deposits of hydrocarbons in Africa are interrelated. Our roadmap of lithodynamic systems and linear structures, though just a cartographic model, however, has a high degree of probability that has been proven in research fields not only in Africa but in the West Kuban trough (joint work with JSC “NK Rosneft”), West Siberia (JSC “LUKOIL”), Kalmykia (JSC “NC “Kalmneft””) and other deposits of the globe (Argentina, Kuwait, USA, Kazakhstan). This method can be used in the search for new oil and gas deposits within the earth’s surface.

Regional clear-felling of naturally dynamic boreal forests has left remote forest landscapes in northern Europe with challenges regarding rural development based on wood mining. However, biodiversity conservation with higher levels of ambition than what is possible in regions with a long forest history, and cultural heritage, offer opportunities for developing new value chains that support rural development. We explored the opportunities for pro-active integrated spatial planning based on: (i) landscapes’ natural and cultural heritage values in the transboundary Kovda River catchment in Russia and Finland; (ii) forest canopy loss as a threat; and (iii) private, public and civil sector stakeholders’ views on the use and non-use values at local to international levels. After a 50-year history of wood mining in Russia, the remaining primeval forest and cultural heritage remnants are located along the pre-1940 Finnish-Russian border. Forest canopy loss was higher in Finland (0.42%/year) than in Russia (0.09%/year), and decreased from the south to the north in both countries. The spatial scales of stakeholders’ use of forest landscapes ranged from stand-scale to the entire catchment of Kovda River in Russia and Finland (~2,600,000 ha). We stress the need to develop an integrated landscape approach that includes: (i) forest landscape goods; (ii) other ecosystem services and values found in intact forest landscapes; and (iii) adaptive local and regional forest landscape governance. Transboundary collaboration offers opportunities for effective knowledge production and learning.

The article studies the incongruity of the structure and stylistic organization of an agreement as one of the types of legal discourse in English and Russian. The comparative analysis of certain stylistic differences connected with the structure and content of agreement and the tips for translation suggested in this concise work are aimed at better understanding and interpreting the legal document of the given format.

The article studies the incongruity of stylistic organization of an agreement as one of the types of legal discourse in English and Russian. The comparative analysis of certain stylistic differences (lexical, grammatical, and syntactical) and the tips for translation suggested in this concise work are aimed at better understanding and interpreting the legal document of the given format.

The article considers the application of cartographic method of plasity of relief for planning and management of the ecological farms. Research carried out on the lands of particular ecological settlement "Slavnoe" the Tula region. The result of the research was a series of environmental maps, recommending the most rational distribution of residential and water management facilities in the area.

This work presents the analysis of phobic anxiety behavioral reactions connected with short-term stress influences. We have established that 15 minutes forced swimming reduces locomotory and exploratory activity of animals without any connection with physical exhaustion. Short-term isolation provokes the increase of irrational searching activity connected with spatial disorder and agitation. During this work we have formed an algorithm which allowed fast screening of anxio-lytics and antidepressants

The article is focused on the issues of developing and running the courses of further training of law faculty academic teaching staff in Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia “Realization of Master’s Programmes in English”. The authors highlight the relevance and great current interest of the course, suggest analysis of its structure and practical realization and outline further steps for its development.