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Bakanae disease has been a major problem in rice production throughout the world. The most common and virulent species is Fusarium fujikuroi. The high genetic variability and epidemic character of Fusarium fujikuroi causes very important problems control of the disease. The use of resistant varieties is preferred in many countries of the World. This study aimed at the reactions of both Turkish and Italian cultivars to Bakanae disease, which are the most cultivated in Turkey and preferred by farmers. The most observed symptoms were that afflicted plants were taller than the normal height, thin and yellowish-green, there was browning of the leaves in the progressing period, rot in the root and root collar. All the tested rice cultivars in the study were found susceptible to the disease. This shows that Turkish and Italian rice varieties, which are most preferred in the Turkish rice market, are extremely susceptible to this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bakanae disease caused by Gibberella fujikuroi species complex is one of the major fungal diseases of rice. It is present in the major rice production areas in the world. In 2016, field surveys were conducted from rice germination to maturity. Four isolates of Fusarium proliferatum associated with Bakanae disease were obtained from infected rice plants and identified using morphological and molecular-based methods. Pathogenicity tests were carried on susceptible rice variety. Initially, pale green to yellowing of leaves and thinner plants were observed. Then, these plants turned brownish and died, while control plants showed no symptoms. All isolates were found to be pathogenic. The disease severity values ranged from 27 to 66%. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of F. proliferatum causing Bakanae disease on rice in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]