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The mechanisms that generate adhesion forces in liquid lubricants are studied under various experimental conditions. These forces occur between two surfaces when they are detached in the normal direction under static boundary lubrication conditions. The adhesion force is not influenced by the speed at which the upper specimen is pulled up, but is influenced by the viscosity of the lubricant. The adhesion force under boundary lubrication is much greater than that under hydrodynamic lubrication, and it is closely related to the compressibility of the lubricant.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is the progressive dilation of the abdominal aorta. Nicotine is reported to be associated with the development and rupture of AAA, but the pathological effects of nicotine on normal rat aorta have not been determined. We investigated pathological changes in the aortic wall of rats caused by the administration of nicotine. Nicotine administration weakened the vascular wall, increased gelatinolytic activity and promoted the destruction of elastin and collagen in the rat abdominal aorta. There were no differences in the areas positive for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 between the control and nicotine treated groups. The areas positive for MMP-12 in the nicotine group were significantly greater than for the control group. Gelatinolytic activity in the aortic wall was increased significantly in the nicotine group. Our findings suggest that MMP-12 is sensitive to nicotine exposure in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

D2-40, a monoclonal antibody against podoplanin, is a selective marker of lymphatic endothelium and is widely used for research on and diagnosis of pathology of lymphatic vessels. We examined the relation between the duration of tissue section storage and changes in immunostaining by D2-40 antibody; we evaluated also the effects of preservation methods on changes in immunostaining during storage. Staining by D2-40 was attenuated by long-term preservation of scalp skin and lymph node sections at room temperature. The attenuation of D2-40 staining in stored sections was improved by preservation at low temperature, i.e., 4° or − 30° C. We investigated also the immunostaining of preserved tissue sections using NZ-1 and Lyve-1, which are antibodies against lymphatic endothelium markers. Staining by NZ-1 or Lyve-1 antibody was detected clearly in sections that had been stored for 16 weeks. Our study suggests that either long-term storage of D2-40 immunostained tissue sections should be avoided or the section should be preserved at low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diffractive optical element (DOE) can transform wavefront and generate arbitrary intensity distribution. In this study, we focus on these functions of DOE, and examined the possibility as read-only memory (ROM) usage of the DOE. The DOE based optical data storage is thought of as a kind of holographic data storage (HDS) using thin holograms. In the HDS, digital data is recorded and read out as modulated two-dimensional page data, instead of bit-by-bit recording in conventional optical disks. We design and optimize the DOE using the iterative method with regularization. In the design and optimization process, we use iterative Fourier transform algorithm that is known as Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm. Designed and optimized DOE is fabricated by ultraviolet (UV) nanoimprinting technology. By adopting nanoimprinting technology, high productivity can be expected. Fabricated DOE is evaluated in the experiment. We verify that DOE for optical data storage can be actualized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the study which analyzes the relationship between plasma platinum concentration and hematological adverse reaction associated with chemotherapy to treat patients with cervical cancer. Physicians have used platinum agent nedaplatin (CDGP) to treat cancer patients a maximum of five-week regimen. It found that the treatment showed efficacy and safety to reduce the severity of thrombocytopenia and leucopenia.

The article focuses on the study which examines the effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy to treat patients with uterine cervical carcinoma using medical indicators HER2 and HIF-1 α. According to the study, the indicators would evaluate radiation sensitivity and treatment outcomes of patients through the advancement of commercial immunohistochemical kit. Based on prospective analysis, the concomitant expressions were found strong indicator of poor prognosis to the disease.

Objective: To introduce our preliminary experience with indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography for the assessment of lower leg bypasses. Methods: 1ml of 0.5% indocyanine green was intravenously injected in 9 patients with PAD who underwent paramalleolar artery bypass using saphenous vein grafts. A newly developed near-infrared camera system (PDE; Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Hamamatsu, Japan) was used for this study. Results: ICG fluorescence angiography was performed without any adverse events. Fluorescence images of ICG angiography could be viewed as real-time images of the angiography in eight patients, while one patient underwent graft revision with the absence of fluorescence in ICG angiography. Conclusion: ICG fluorescence angiography is clinically feasible and may help surgeons assess the quality of lower leg bypasses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Cephalopagus twinning, an extremely rare type of conjoined twins, is characterized by the anterior union of the upper half of the body, with two faces each situated on the opposite side of a conjoined head. The prognosis for cephalopagus twins is extremely poor because surgical separation is not an option. Thus early prenatal diagnosis of cephalopagus twins is important to provide an opportunity for pregnancy termination if desired. However, in many instances, cephalopagus twins are misdiagnosed as a singleton pregnancy because of the extreme degree of fusion which makes accurate demonstration of the abnormalities very difficult. This report presents a case of cephalopagus twins which was confirmed at 13 weeks of gestation using three-dimensional ultrasound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on a three-dimensional ultrasound image of cephalopagus conjoined twins. Increased use of three-dimensional ultrasonography in prenatal diagnosis; Description of the condition of the twins; Significance of the three-dimensional ultrasound image.