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Off-campus housing remains a major issue related to studentification in African cities. This study analyses the perspectives of landlords and students on off-campus housing supply and utilization in Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe. The study was qualitative and adopted a case study research design. Interviews were conducted with purposively selected key informants, while textual and content analysis was used. We argue that studentification is a potential catalyst for housing development in Chinhoyi, yet the municipality fails to formulate relevant housing policies. The study contributes to studies on student housing in African university towns by highlighting the perceptions of the different stakeholders towards off-campus housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iskolakultúra is the property of University of Szeged, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to evaluate airborne transmission risk in university towns during the COVID-19 pandemic based on surveys of indoor environmental quality (IEQ). Both on-site measurements and questionnaire surveys were carried out in public buildings in university towns in Changsha, China. Air temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration in one library, ten classrooms, eight canteens, seven restaurants, and sixteen malls were measured. 2220 valid questionnaires concerning occupants’ sensation on thermal environment, air movement, and indoor air quality were collected. A 3-level evaluation method of airborne transmission risk that is dependent on building type and indoor CO2 concentration was developed. Excessive CO2 concentration is found in library (1045 ppm), classrooms (1151 ppm), restaurants (1242 ppm), and malls (1057 ppm). The percentage time of “high risk” accounts for 18–100% in these buildings. The results reveal a serious problem: numerous public buildings in China and probably other resource limited countries are not basically prepared and equipped to cope with airborne transmission. This fact should be taken into account when developing guidelines and formulating mitigation measures. Real-time monitoring and displaying IEQ and thus the transmission risk level should be an important way to be widely implemented in public buildings.

University towns and urban economic growth have important interactions, and time series forecasting models can enable urban planners to better clarify the relationship between the two so as to make more scientific and reasonable decisions. Based on the time series forecasting model constructed in this paper, this paper analyzes and forecasts the relationship between university cities and urban economic growth in C. The main conclusions of this paper are that the p-value of ARIMA(0,2,3) and ARIMA(1,1,1) models is lower than 0.05, and the prediction accuracy of ARIMA(1,1,1) model is higher than that of ARIMA(0,2,3) and ARIMA(1,1,1) model in the prediction of the two. ARIMA(0,2,3) with predicted values of 27631.3, 31541.5, and 24412.45, and the error values from the actual values are only 304.98, 1997.49, and 867.95. This paper’s time series prediction model has achieved good results, as evidenced by this. Y1 shows a highly positive correlation with X1, X3, and X4 and a significant positive correlation with X2, which leads to the conclusion that the total amount of investment in urban construction of the university city of C city has a substantial relationship with the economic growth of C city.

This study investigates the economic development of Nanjing Xianlin University Town under the influence of the clone town effect. The objective of the study is to analyze the impact of urban management and commercial property management on the economic interchanges between university towns and city centers. Quantitative research methods and SPSS data analysis were used, and 80 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The study's findings reveal that opening the Xianlin Bus Rapid Transit system to other urban areas in Nanjing and adjusting the rental policy are crucial methods to foster economic interactions between university towns and city centers. Furthermore, the satisfaction survey data highlight disparities in merchandise satisfaction levels between university towns and shopping districts, indicating untapped development potential in the university town market. The study emphasizes the importance of resource sharing, preserving cultural heritage, and creating a humanistic atmosphere in university towns. Additionally, optimizing planning and construction, mitigating the over-commercialization and the clone town effect, and enhancing transportation systems are identified as crucial factors for the economic development of Xianlin University Town. This study provides practical suggestions and guidance for the future development of university towns, serving as a valuable reference for enhancing the economic development of Xianlin University Town in Nanjing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban ecological planning uses ecology, environmental science, economics, and urbanology to adjust and transform various complex urban relationships, seeking to expand benefits and reducing risks. Environmental music, a kind of non appreciative music, can act on subject consciousness and may influence the urban ecosystem in which it is employed. Many connections appear between urban ecological planning and environmental music. This study took the university town of Hefei City, Anhui Province, China, as an example. This work was conducted to explore the effects of environmental music on the development of urban ecological planning by combining relevant studies of environmental science, urban ecology, urban planning, and musicology. The results showed that environmental music, as a cultural information flow, affected the urban ecosystem and had a typical function for different ecological function zones in the city. Different types of environmental music had spiritual and cultural publicity functions in regulating the main body of the urban ecosystem (residents and students), and it also influenced the growth of common plants in cities and had different ecological and environmental effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of China's rapid urbanization and higher education reform, a large number of new urban spaces have emerged, in particular, university towns. When promoting urbanization and stimulating economic growth, the isolation of the university town from the central city has become increasingly apparent. This article defined the islandization of the university town and analyzed it from the perspective of the behavior of the main actors of the university town, the students. Taking Jinan Changqing University Town, Jinan City, China as a case study, this article used a survey questionnaire and interviews to investigate the patterns of university town students' off-campus behavior. By constructing an analysis framework, this article discussed the characterization, influencing factors, and formation mechanism of the islandization of the university town. The results indicated that although the daily behavior of students was concentrated mainly in the university town, the student's needs could not be fully satisfied in the university town alone. Therefore, students needed to go to the central area of Jinan City, China for important activities, which included studying, working part-time jobs, shopping, recreation, and medical treatment. The main mode of transportation for the students that left the university town was public transport, which was considered inconvenient and costly in terms of time. Student behavioral characteristics indicated that the university town was spatially separated from society, which is a significant feature of islandization. The imperfection in the spatial factors was the basis of the islandization of the university town, which further triggered the behavior and psychological isolation of the students. In addition, spatial, student behavior, and psychological factors interacted and reinforced each other, which eventually formed a vicious circle and led to the increased isolation of the university town. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A detailed investigation was conducted to understand the contamination characteristics of a selected set of heavy metals (HMs) in 34 campus dust samples from Huaxi University Town. The HMs spatial distribution analysis based on ArcGIS software, the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and health risk model were employed for evaluation, and multivariate statistical methods were used to identify possible sources. Results showed that the mean concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Cd were 68.18, 123.81, 45.26, 140.36, 47.26, and 0.47 mg/kg, respectively. The spatial distribution characteristics displayed that the relatively large concentrations for the analyzed HMs were mainly located at both teaching areas and students' dormitory areas. The average values of Igeo indicated that HMs contamination level followed the decreasing trend of Cd > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni > Zn. The health risk assessment results indicated that HMs in campus dust generally do not pose any immediate health risk for both adult males and adult females but the cumulative effect is a matter of concern. The sources analyses demonstrated that Cu, Zn, Cr, and Cd, primarily from motor vehicle emission and waste incineration, Pb predominantly originated from construction source, while Ni had the mixed sources of nature and traffic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge-based development (KBD) is a widely practiced policy and is signified as an effective development approach particularly for the metropolitan city-region context. Even though, increasing recognition of this policy resulted in some initiatives in less favoured regions – such as regional university towns – its appropriateness for this context has not been investigated adequately. This paper explores the concept thoroughly in regional university town settings from the lens of the triple-helix model – a critical element for success in KBD. The study aims to broaden our understanding on the challenges of implementing a successful triple-helix model in regional university towns by providing evidence from different country contexts – Australia and Iceland. The methodology of the comparative case investigation incorporates policy and stakeholder perception analyses. Results reveal the journey of the investigated cases, their limited accomplishments and failure factors. Findings shed light on the developmental challenges of regional university towns by highlighting critical issues relating to suitability, appropriate implementation and effectiveness of the KBD policy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Following the radical expansion of higher education admission in China in the late 1990s, more than 60 new ‘university towns’, districts of several adjacent university campuses, were built in the country's urban agglomerations by 2006. Previous studies have considered university towns primarily as an example of Chinese local entrepreneurialism, namely large speculative developments initiated by local governments. The role of universities in developing them has not been discussed at all, implying an understanding that they played an insignificant role. This study emerges from a contrasting viewpoint, motivated by studies of universities' roles in property and urban development around the globe. It shows that even in the Chinese state-led context, universities can be considered as proactive, internally motivated institutions, accomplishing their developmental ends as actors negotiating with other stakeholders. The universities had some influence over where Shanghai's major university town was built and what the conditions of access for universities were. A particular university whose initiative played an important role in commencing the development gained access itself only after significant lobbying. From a theoretical perspective, the results suggest that research on China's urban development should pay more attention to the influence of auxiliary actors who are not seeking land-related profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Arquitectura (1657-0308) is the property of Universidad Catolica de Columbia, Facultad de Arquitectura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the phenomenon of university town in Poland and Europe. More specifically, the paper illustrates cultural base of conflicts and debates connected with cooperation between city and university, and methods of it researching and solving. It is argued that there is a significant diff erence between visions of the university produced by humanities and sciences. In recent years, this diff erence has also emerged in several universities which locate campuses and student communities outside the city. Such a process is a result of the geographical, economic, social and cultural promotion of higher education in the end of 20th century. Enlarged student populations should be integrated into communities characterized by much the same styles of life, modes of consumption, inherited cultural capital and "good taste". Students are dispersed to diff erent parts of towns and cities. Process of studentification generate gentrification in the middle of the city, but it has also a positive impact on city dwellers and local communities. In many ways, these young communities signified lucid exemplars that the city-university relations seek to engender. The paper concludes by considering some possible issues of cooperation characteristic to the university town. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the issues related to the double-sided dimension of wellbeing: subjective and objective. In the theoretical framework developed by Fleuret and Atkinson (2007, The New Zealand Geographer 63 106-29), spaces of wellbeing are shaped by four dimensions (spaces of security, spaces of capability, therapeutic spaces and integrative spaces). In the case of the student population in Angers, we observe a major imbalance: the component that really stands out is capability, which is quite logical because students are a population in a transition between youth and adulthood. The results reveal that the student population has a specific relation to space due to a transitory presence in the university town, with, as a consequence, a simultaneous embedding in different places. This could explain why the students do not perceive the characteristics of place to be a major influence on their wellbeing; instead it is the perception they have of their wellbeing that influences their perception of place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, over one hundred university towns have been constructed in China, housing and employing millions of students and teachers. However, very little is known about the reasons behind this phenomenon, or the impact of this massive wave of construction. Based on an ethnographic survey in Guangzhou University Town (GUT), one of the most representative cases, we find that the construction of a university town is driven by ‘chameleon’-like land-centered speculative urbanism in post-reform China. Against the backdrop of China's recentralized land use regime, local governments utilize a variety of projects such as the ‘new city,’ ‘eco-city’ or ‘university town’ to generate land-related profits. Building a GUT requires the cooperation and collaboration of a variety of stakeholders, from local states and local banks to universities and the local communities, to create an efficient coalition. The construction of the GUT is a de facto state-led project. In sum, the rapid construction of university towns in China is indicative of the land-centered speculative urbanism at the heart of post-reform China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The university town is an important phenomenon in the course of urbanization in China. This article introduces and applies theory of production of space and socio-spatial dialectic to explain the processes and mechanisms of production of space in Xianlin university town in Nanjing City, China. As a typical case, Xianlin university town displays multi-scalar separations. The time-scale separation has four sides: the old and new campuses are completely different; teachers and students spend a significant amount of time commuting that they cannot communicate well; during summer and winter vacations, the university town becomes an “empty nest”; and life of low-income earners is fragmental. The four kinds of spatial scale splits are inside the campus, between universities and downtown, among universities, and between the city and its citizens. Resources and rights have an imbalanced distribution among the different classes, which leads to social space differentiation or alienation. The powers of discourses and land resource distribution are in the hands of the government. University managers are stimulated by the idea of a “larger and newer campus” and keep a watchful eye on competing for more land resources. Planners usually cater to such ideas. However, teachers, students, and low-income earners of the university town are neglected. Social process and the influences of land-use/cover change (LUCC) should be more frequently discussed in the future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An evlolutionary game model of knowledge -sharing mechanism in university town is established, and its evolutionary procedure is analyzed on the view of evolutionary game theroy. Morever, the key factors such as cultural absorption ablility and its profit, the differences of konwledge between universities are researched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study provides insight into employee retention issues in owner-operated small hospitality businesses in a university town. The study found that even though employee retention represents a managerial issue for the small hospitality businesses, it is not of significant importance to them. The restaurant managers/owners did employ various retention strategies for providing a good organizational culture but still accepted the transient nature of the student workforce. The findings suggest employee retention strategies to keep student employees while they study in the town''s university. The paper also recommends the need for small hospitality businesses to work closely with hospitality education institutions to form a closer link between study and part-time employment, for example through internship, to alleviate the inherent problems of the transient nature of the student workforce. The paper provides the first major study in the New Zealand context, providing new insights into understanding employee retention among student workers in small hospitality businesses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Knowledge-based service industries, because they are geographically ‘footloose’, have the potential to contribute to small town and city economies. The university town of Stellenbosch, identified as having a high growth potential, is the location of a growing IT and knowledge-based service sector. Data from questionnaires completed by 104 Stellenbosch companies provided some insight into why they chose this town. Most said that, provided sufficient IT is available, they would be able to function as effectively in another town. This implies that they locate in Stellenbosch as a matter of preference rather than necessity. The paper provides insights into the reasons for the spatial clustering in South African non-metropolitan areas and how companies decide where to locate. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Sharing educational resources (ERs) among campuses in a university town (UT) could avoid the waste or repeated construction of ERs, which is beneficial to the sustainable utilization of resources. For hardware educational resources (HERs) greatly attached to land resources, whether they have surplus shareable potential is the key factor relating to inter-campus sharing. However, there is a serious lack of definition and quantitative research on HERs' shareable potential. Based on the correlation between land resource utilization and HER sharing, we firstly defined the connotation of inter-campus sharable potential of HERs (ISPHERs), put forward its calculation method and carried out a case study in Longzi Lake UT of Zhengzhou City, Henan province, China. The results show that: (1) ISPHERs could be defined from the perspective of "the best utilization degree" which mainly depended on the utilization and development gap between the present area value and the possible most intensive one under certain conditions; (2) based on the area quota and the students' number, the ISPHERs was calculated by the Delphi and multi-factor model methods; (3) the case study in Longzi Lake UT of Zhengzhou City, Henan province, China showed that the comprehensive ISPHERs was high in the south and low in the north, and the libraries and canteens in five colleges and universities mainly providing vocational skills training were insufficient. If all the 11 campuses could freely share HERs, there would be an overall surplus of the five kinds of HER (i.e., classroom, laboratory, library, indoor sports room and canteen). The comprehensive management framework should include sustainable concept guidance, cooperation system construction, planning control, benefit adjustment and technological innovation, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]