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2. The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS)

Author

F. G. Mohammad, B. R. Granett, L. Guzzo, J. Bel, E. Branchini, S. de la Torre, L. Moscardini, J. A. Peacock, M. Bolzonella, B. Garilli, M. Scodeggio, U. Abbas, C. Adami, D. Bottini, A. Cappi, O. Cucciati, I. Davidzon, P. Franzetti, A. Fritz, A. Iovino, J. Krywult, V. Le Brun, O. Le Fèvre, D. Maccagni, K. Małek, F. Marulli, M. Polletta, A. Pollo, L. A. M. Tasca, R. Tojeiro, D. Vergani, and A. Zaniche

Published
2018
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3. The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS)

Author

S. Rota, B. R. Granett, J. Bel, L. Guzzo, J. A. Peacock, M. J. Wilson, A. Pezzotta, S. de la Torre, B. Garilli, M. Bolzonella, M. Scodeggio, U. Abbas, C. Adami, D. Bottini, A. Cappi, O. Cucciati, I. Davidzon, P. Franzetti, A. Fritz, A. Iovino, J. Krywult, V. Le Brun, O. Le Fèvre, D. Maccagni, K. Małek, F. Marulli, W. J. Percival, M. Polletta, A. Pollo, L. A. M. Tasca, R. Tojeiro, D. Vergani, A.

Published
2017
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4. Nerve conduction and sensorineural function in dental hygienists using high frequency ultrasound handpieces

Author

Marc Croteau, Donald R. Peterson, Gregory Neely, M Atwood-Sanders, Nicholas Warren, Tohr Nilsson, John D. Meyer, R. W. Fu, Anthony J. Brammer, Tim Morse, Ronnie Lundström, Claudia Michalak-Turcotte, Esko Toppila, Martin Cherniack, Heather Bruneau, and U Abbas

Subjects
Adult, Male, Dental Instruments, medicine.medical_treatment, Neural Conduction, Dentistry, Vibration, Nerve conduction velocity, stomatognathic system, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Ultrasonics, Paresthesia, Ulnar Nerve, business.industry, Ultrasound, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Median Nerve, stomatognathic diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Dental Hygienists, Occupational exposure, business, Nerve conduction, Dental restoration, High frequency ultrasound, Sensory nerve
Abstract

Oscillatory vibration from industrial power tools poses a well-recognized risk of peripheral nerve injury. There have been reports of elevated vibrotactile perception thresholds (VPT) among dentists, dental technicians, and dental hygienists, using rotary devices and ultrasonics. Elevated VPTs are an indicator of small fiber nerve or mechanoreceptor injury, but the high frequencies associated with dental instruments are presumed by the ISO to exceed physiological response upper thresholds. This study examines nerve conduction and sensorineural deficits in dental hygienists.A cross-sectional study of 94 experienced dental hygienists was conducted to assess peripheral nerve function and clinical signs and symptoms. Specialized testing included measurement of VPTs for three different categories of mechanoreceptors, sensory nerve conduction tests with fractionated digit and palmar segments, and measurement of calibrated pinch force with force sensitive resistors (FSRs) during a simulated procedure.Chronic hand paresthesias were described by 44.7% of experienced dental hygienists. Sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) across the wrist-palm segment of the median nerve. VPTs were particularly elevated at the FAII mechanoreceptor among experienced dental hygienists. Compared to participants without carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), as defined by study criteria, 14 experienced hygienists with diagnosed CTS had almost twice the average weekly use of vibratory instruments -8.3 hr versus 4.5 hr, and had SNCV deficits along the digit -47.11 m/sec (+8.70) versus 42.57 m/sec (+8.25), and across the wrist -44.04 m/sec (+7.15) versus 41.36 m/sec (+9.27). There was a distinct subset of dental hygienists (27%) with a combination of low calibrated pinch force in simulations, subjective loss of strength and elevated VPTs, especially in the FAII mechanoreceptor population -110.82 db (+8.57) versus 104.84 db (+6.80) in the rest of the cohort. This subset also had a higher prevalence of paresthesias (67% vs. 39%) and greater cumulative vibration exposure (OR = 1.206 [CI 1.005-1.448]), than other hygienists.The high levels of paresthesias observed among dental hygienists appear to be attributable to several pathophysiological mechanisms, including, sensory nerve demyelination at the carpal tunnel and intrinsic to the digits, and dysfunction of fingertip mechanoreceptors. A distinct sub-population appears to exhibit a high level of accumulated abnormality.

Published
2006
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5. A new approach for accurate determination of particle sizes in microfluidic impedance cytometry

Author

N. Priyadarshi, U. Abbasi, V. Kumaran, and P. Chowdhury

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

In microfluidic impedance cytometry, the change in impedance is recorded as an individual cell passes through a channel between electrodes deposited on its walls, and the particle size is inferred from the amplitude of the impedance signal using calibration. However, because the current density is nonuniform between electrodes of finite width, there could be an error in the particle size measurement because of uncertainty about the location of the particle in the channel cross section. Here, a correlation is developed relating the particle size to the signal amplitude and the velocity of the particle through the channel. The latter is inferred from the time interval between the two extrema in the impedance curve as the particle passes through a channel with cross-sectional dimensions of 50 μm (width) × 30 μm (height) with two pairs of parallel facing electrodes. The change in impedance is predicted using 3D COMSOL finite-element simulations, and a theoretical correlation that is independent of particle size is formulated to correct the particle diameter for variations in the cross-sectional location. With this correlation, the standard deviation in the experimental data is reduced by a factor of two to close to the standard deviation reported in the manufacturer specifications.

Published
2022
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6. Track C Epidemiology and Prevention Science

Author

E. Munyi, P. Iracheta, W. El Sadr, Thomas L. Patterson, N. McGrath, W. Areekul, J. Konikoff, J.S. Graff-Zivin, J. Valladares, O. Levina, A. Wohl, G. Kirk, C. Nhlapo, S. Hoffman, A. Hughes, S. Bertagnolio, S. Gari, B. Grinsztejn, L. Sherr, C. Mattson, T. Finlayson, M. Schim van der Loeff, J.M. Wekesa, R. Qazi, B. Elul, D. Nsona, B. Le, Margaret Hellard, L. Cottle, G. Kwesigabo, P. Mushati, M. Sangeeth, J.T. Maricato, S. Kippax, W. Aung, M. Yu, A. Ochieng, A. Bennani, I. Massud, K. Kardos, K. Muessig, M. Kato, D.N. Raugi, A. Mkhwanazi, M. Roehler, J. Casillas, G. Rutherford, S.J. Gange, N. Kumarasamy, O. Abaza, H.C. Johnson, J.B.F. de Wit, K. Brady, K. Sigaloff, Colleen F. Kelley, J. Kuruc, Supriya D. Mehta, M. Thrun, G. Likatavicius, K. Muldoon, P. Cherutich, M. Siminyu, C. Scanlon, B. Rodriguez, T. Okeyo Adipo, C. Nyamukapa, D. Reach, M. Morris, I. N'Doye, B. Engelsmann, V. Suwanvanichkij, S. Khobragade, J. Nielsen-Bobbit, J. Mitchell, S. Phillips, C.B. Borkowf, C. Nitrahally Mallachar, D.L. Sodora, T. Guadamuz, Christopher K Fairley, G. Phatedi, V. Tepper, J. Willig, Han-Zhu Qian, K. Underhill, E.R.M. Nunes, E. Machakaire, J. Bouscaillou, M. Boyes, L.D. Chava, M. Taylor, X. Zhang, Charles S. Morrison, V. Sharma, R. Firestone, M.R. Lamb, H. James, S.M. Cohen, H. Crane, J. Coleman, K.W. Ranby, H. Van Renterghem, J. Eckenrode, S. Mwalili, M.H. Ngolobe, J. Mitty, S. Sivalenka, T. Bhatnagar, S. Abel, I. Oumzil, J.R. Lama, E. Connick, S. Kennedy, K. Nielsen-Saines, H. Muyinda, Y.M. Nakamura, P. Thomas, R. Salata, I. Kuo, F. Sall, J. Menten, G. Mkandawire, E. Mills, K.A. Gebo, Rob J. Fredericksen, P. Kasonde, S. Braunstein, Erin M. Kahle, B. Kilama, L. Beer, I. de Beer, N. Elkot, C.K. Cunningham, G. Peytavin, T.-Y. Liu, J.W. Eaton, T. Chuenchitra, Jorge Sanchez, N. Hamunime, R. Grant, J.E. Mantell, T. Mashigo, N. Nazim, N.N. Zheng, B. Cutler, R. Rangsin, N. Knight, A.M. Malone, J. Zaidi, P. Edwards, J.T. Brooks, K. Alami, M.K. Mainkar, A. Kowalski, N. Jack, D. Pieterse, Mark Stoove, M. Mirira, C. Schumacher, A.J. Schmidt, W. Jaoko, C.M. Lowndes, S. Atallah, B. Yang, M. Fox, R. Lebelonyane, B. Feldman, S. Caffe, James Kiarie, A. Simo, E. Kajawo, L. Thomas, T.B. Masvawure, R. Staub, C. Ngoloyi, S. Galea, E.L. Ross, F. Noubary, J. Vanhommerig, S. Patel, S. Khanakwa, L. Hightow-Weidman, S. Braithwaite, P. Perchal, J. Mulilo, C.S. Meade, M. Tsepe, A. Suthar, W. Zule, B. Singh, B. Panchia, L. Yin, J. Skinner, S. Ramanathan, K.M. Gray, H. Ramy, S.M. Graham, M.T. Schechter, H. Zhang, R. Harrison, J.P. Zukurov, A. Gonzalez-Rodríguez, L. Johnston, Maria Prins, T. Smith, S. Stoelzl, N. Siegfried, D. De Angelis, G. Paz-Bailey, D. Taljaard, D. Operario, J.D. Fishel, Dobromir T. Dimitrov, Jared M. Baeten, K.J. Sikkema, A. Urbina, S. Birnel-Henderson, Deborah Donnell, J. Borders, R. Killian, G. Mavise, H. Gamieldien, S. Isac, D. Yang, J. Gunthorp, A. Lansky, K.N. Althoff, M. Vincent, J. Lingappa, Patrick S. Sullivan, M.E.E. Kretzschmar, W. Hanekom, M. De Klerk, C. Odhiambo, J. Shafi, V. Kodali, H. Jackson, S. Bharat, Michael Pickles, R. Geskus, R. Jones, L. Vu, P. Messeri, W. Duffus, R. Limaye, M. Collumbien, G. Allen, E. Elghamrawy, R. Spijker, F. Traore, N. Abdallar, K. Lythgoe, Eli S. Rosenberg, M. van de Laar, S. Stromdahl, A. Bowring, P. Schmid, Grant Colfax, S. Duncan, V. Elharrar, T. Madidimalo, H. Tran Viet, M. Tran Thi, K.E. Nelson, D.C. Sokal, S. Mathew, M. Baum, R. Hari Kumar, Sonia Napravnik, J. Lou, Paula M. Frew, M. Alary, Mari M. Kitahata, Tsungai Chipato, R.C. Berg, I. Maclean, D. Kimanga, Y.T. Duong, L. Jacobson, David R. Bangsberg, F. Odhiambo, A. Malone, G. Wang, E. Schiff, Y. Ding, C. Mlambo, D. Wheeler, J. Martin, A. Kwon, X. Xia, R. Granich, Yuhua Ruan, L.-G. Bekker, Stephen L. Boswell, S. Johnson, F. Njenga, F. Gardner, S. Sherman, Q. Abdool Karim, A. Hoare, K. Thomas, Connie Celum, A. Balaji, L. Metsch, M.J. Mugavero, J. Hahn, J. Denison, M. Kretzschmar, M.R. Lozada, A. Zee, J. Frohlich, P.-L. Chen, D. Vyas, Z.A. Stein, I. Hoffman, S. Weber, S. Abou Elmagd, J. Kriebs, D. Skinner, H. Cross, E. Piwowar-Manning, R. Wiegand, B. Furness, A.C. Voetsch, Q. Awori, S. Kapiga, V. Mugisha, R. Nkambule, F. Tanser, S.E. Hawes, R. Ochai, C. Mathews, Myron Essex, M. Chilila, P. MacPhail, P. Michel, J.H. McMahon, V. Sharp, P. Dupas, M. Schaan, Tonia Poteat, S.A. Kaplan, J. Peinado, L. Zhang, P. Weatherburn, N.M. Fernandes, I. Nieves-Rivera, M. Eberhart, A. Presanis, J. Tejero, A. Pettifor, N. Wadonda, R. Adhikary, S. Shoptaw, K. Page, Nelly Mugo, C. Kuo, D. Cohan, V. Delpech, G.D. Kirk, J. Stover, M. Cohen, V. Cummings, C. Johnson, J. Pilotto, J. Tiffany, S. Rajaram, F. Assouab, V. Akelo, Jeanne M. Marrazzo, Y. Shao, J. Schulden, M. Mahy, Z. Hennessey, A. Sunantarod, S. Meesiri, T. Hallett, J.R. Williams, K. Hayashi, M. Barone, A. La Marca, T. Gamble, J. Moguche, S.Y. Hong, K. Kana, B.R. Santos, Mary S. Campbell, B. Auvert, C.H. Watts, P. Ntshangase, A.M. Foss, A. Anglemyer, P. Li, S.P. Ravi, T.J. Smith, Mark N. Lurie, L. Laurenco, A. Chaturvedula, A.C. Justice, J. Sayles, K. Rou, S. Behel, G. de Bruyn, A. Cescon, S. Pont, Till Bärnighausen, R.A. Willis, D. Forrest, P. Vickerman, A. Cope, M. Eliya, J. Mellors, H.B. Jaspan, J. Grinsdale, Y. Dong, James I. Mullins, R. Detels, N. Roth, J.-A.S. Passmore, S.E. Bradley, R. King, C. Latkin, S. Kandula, E. Wahome, D. Celentano, P. Goswami, B. Tee, A. Thiongo, K. Kaplan, J. Pienaar, M.W. Ross, P. Kaleebu, S. Chariyalertsak, K.F. Kelley, E. Valverde, Susan Scheer, M. Bhattacharya, J. Kinuthia, R. Brookmeyer, E. Mwamburi, A. Castel, G. Trapence, R. Helmy, G. Bicego, Carol El-Hayek, P. Chavez, E. Brown, C. Frangakis, E. Rodríguez-Nolasco, M. Colvin, Stefan Baral, A. Delgado-Borrego, J. Kessler, M.C. Weinstein, H. Shasulwe, B. Koblin, M. Magnus, W. Zhou, M.H. Watt, David Moore, J.B. Reed, C. Debaulieu, M.R. Jordan, F. Martinson, K. Nucifora, P.W. Young, L. Kayla, W. Matthews, M. Motamedi, J. Gweshe, B. El Omari, R. Ondondo, C. Kahlert, X. Cao, J. Okanda, G. Makana, V. Go, R. Colebunders, R. Simba, I. Hall, R. Bakker, P. Vernazza, D. Exner-Cortens, A. Brown, L. Kurtz, K.R. Amico, H. Ntalasha, R. Baggaley, N. Song, T. Aragon, R.S. Hogg, J. Nikisi, F. Mwanga, C. Shepard, O. Koole, K. Buchacz, P. Gonzales, A. Martin, B. Santos, D. Lewis, G. Anderson, C. Polis, S. Derendinger, K. Mayer, S. Vermund, A. Griffin, Samuel R. Friedman, M.S. Cohen, F.J. Muro, D. Patel, A. Sugarbaker, M. Musheke, C. Beyrer, C. Kwok, B.P. Yadav, J. Kaplan, R. Zulz, C. Mullis, R. Bailey, R. Dickson, T. Subramaniam, Katerina A. Christopoulos, K.A. Webb, J. Mbwambo, A. Phillips, M.A. Lampe, M. Muthui, R. Washington, T. Abdalla, J. Margolick, Matthew J. Mimiaga, Helen Rees, H.M.J.P. Vidanapathirana, R. Kamwi, Z. Yin, E.L. Frazier, M. Orkin, M. Beksinska, S.A. Strathdee, Andrea L. Wirtz, S. Elkamhawi, C. Soliman, T. Kerr, G. Pappas, Renee Heffron, S. Bachman, N. Forster, C. Mapanje, M. Goldstein, J. McMahon, P. Nair, J. Banda, M. Kall, R. Fichorova, Nelson K. Sewankambo, W. Zhu, D. Nicca, J.A. Moss, N. Habarta, E.J. Sanders, B. Riggan, P. Roberts, W. Heneine, D. Shabangu, J.L. Burgos, R. Ducharme, M. Toure, G.P. Garnett, R. Arafat, C. Ryan, E. Grapsa, P.M. Spittal, Kenneth Ngure, J. Waldura, M. Hosseinipour, N. Mensah, J. Ellard, T. Tang, R. Smith, J. Grund, R. Wood, Dean Murphy, M.-P. Sy, S. Gregson, R.A. Coutinho, D. Burns, Robert W. Coombs, N. Rafif, J.G. Hakim, S. Sahay, M.-L. Newell, M.L. Ngeruka, S.P. Fiorillo, C.-P. Pau, M. Decker, M. Getahun, E. Eduardo, L. Dumba, Joseph Makhema, T. Crea, J. Schillinger, Y. Jia, M. Sulkowski, Grace John-Stewart, F. Mbofana, Sam Phiri, N.B. Kiviat, B.P.X. Grady, V. Cambiano, T. Friel, David E Leslie, Y. Gebre, N. Muraguri, L. Valleroy, J. Skarbinski, P. Nadol, C. Kerr, T. Brewer, A. Ghani, M. Chen, L. Mills, S. Mital, C. Qiu, A.D. Paltiel, Janet J. Myers, C. van Gemert, R. Panchia, S. Agolory, A. Koler, P. Dietze, A. Jonas, N. Taruberekera, N. Philip, S.R. Nesheim, S. Tsui, J.P. Bitega, R. Abdool, C. Nekesa, J.G. Kahn, S. Townsell, S. Chan, A. Mujugira, V. Capo-Chichi, P. Rebeiro, Y. van Weert, J. Limba, K. Morrow, J. Birungi, E. Van Praag, L. Juárez-Figueroa, W. Miller, L.X. Deng, D. MacKellar, D. Kiima, V.D. Ojeda, P.L. Chu, S. Ohaga, J. Bradley, T. Sripaipan, C. Nguyen, R. Coutinho, E. Gardner, K.L. Vincent, A. Surendera Babu, A. Pharris, N. He, M. Maskew, S. Moses, A. Khan, H. Wang, M. Akello, Brandon O'Hara, J. Evans, D.E. Bennett, G.F. Webb, U. Abbas, C. Pretorius, M. Egger, R.S. Gupta, M. Mulenga, M. Odiit, C.E. Jones, M.F. Schim van der Loeff, I. Shaikh, A.D. Smith, D. Mark, G. Otieno, M. van Rooijen, T. Exner, A. Aghaizu, A. Vu, T. Ahmed, M. Wolverton, L. Seemann, Gustavo F. Doncel, A. Kharsany, C. Botao, J. Brown, J. Eaton, D. Krakower, J. Justman, Sheryl A. McCurdy, J. Otchere Darko, I. Denham, S. Fields, T. Taha, V. Jumbe, Z. Mwandi, K. Sey, T. Webster-León, M.A. Chiasson, W. Burman, E. Daniel, F. Deyounks, R. Willis, C. Kunzel, B. Greenberg, M. Lalota, B. George, R. Sitta, S. Abdool Karim, M. Kganakga, N. van der Knaap, S. Griffith, Z. Wu, C. del Rio, A. Briceno, R.P. Walensky, M.G. Anderson, Q. Vu Minh, R. Cabello, J.R.S. Malungo, H.J. Prudden, M. Mulatu, Y.Q. Chen, M.M. Baum, F. Mawazini, G. Phillips, B. Williams, F. van Aar, T. Noori, K. Curtis, L. Cluver, S. Huang, S. Safren, N. Westercamp, M. Pereyra, B. Nichols, L. Robertson, A. Oster, G. Kamanga, I. Butkyavichene, S. Ketende, W. Dothi, T. van de Laar, S. Bodika, L. Pang, S.J. de Vlas, B. Bearnot, M. Wallace, E. Duflo, F.M. Chimbwandira, L. Ramakrishnan, W. Kanjipite, A. Del Riego, S. Willis, S.L. Cherne, S. Merten, D. Hoover, A.K. Hesseling, E. Daniloff, K. Agot, L. Wang, Y. Ma, T. Heijman, Marie-Claude Boily, Susan Buchbinder, N. Luhmann, A.E. Phillips, D. Kamba, E. Op de Coul, L.M.R. Janini, M. Kolber, D. Reirden, G. Osorio, S.C. Kalichman, S. Combes, A. Auld, J. Rosenberger, H. Lin, A.S. de Vos, M. Paczkowski, E. Pouget, W. Davis, C. Mauck, M. Berry, S. Godbole, S. Mannheimer, N. Bock, C. Sexton, O. Whiteside, A. Bocour, S.K. Mohammed, J.G. Garcia-Lerma, T. Quinn, E. Losina, J.H.d.S. Pilotto, L. Werner, D. Newman, K. Russell, M. Chakela, S. Rowan, E. Wood, K.M. Mitchell, D. Novak, S. Rao, S. Roux, L. Ti, Edwin Were, J. Moss, G. Seage, A. Wongthanee, A. Muadinohamba, A. Crooks, X. Li, W. Motta, Noah Kiwanuka, M. McCauley, M.G. Rangel, G. Ravasi, B. Pick, T. West, R.N. Rimal, K. Bowa, J. Xu, P. Rhodes, J. Thorne, C. Avila, Michael S. Saag, E.A. Kelvin, A. Nqeketo, G.-M. Santos, H. El Rhilani, G.S. Gottlieb, N. Wang, S. Williams, I. Halldorsdottir, L.P. Jacobson, O. Mellouk, M. Sweat, L.R. Metsch, K. Sabin, S. Philip, S. Badal-Faesen, G. Sal y Rosas, D.H. Evans, R. Kumari, B. Tempalski, H.S. Okuku, I. Sanne, R.D. Moore, Y. Wang, A. Mbandi, S. Messinger, I. Balan, K. Kahuure, D. Kerrigan, J.J. van der Helm, D.L. Ellenberger, S.E. Kellerman, M. Sweeney, J. Opoku, H. Ginindza, D. Suryawanshi, N. Kikumbih, B.S. Parekh, J. Heffelfinger, C. Hart, B. Marshall, M. Jordan, O. Laeyendecker, O.N. Gill, S. Lee, G.R. Seage, C.-C. Udeagu, Travis Sanchez, J. White, J. Mwambi, J. Gilman, J. Talley, R. Baltussen, P. Galatowitsch, Kenneth H. Fife, T.R. Sterling, C. Mao, T. Frasca, A. Speksnijder, M. Nguyen Le, E. Dinenno, S. Kawichai, S. Hong, A. Gagner, L. Ouarsas, J. Goller, C. Watson, E. White, R. Monasch, N. Chotirosniramit, L. McNamara, D. van de Vijver, V. Hu, Sarah E. Rutstein, R. Glaubius, R.S. Paranjape, J. Peterson, P. Swain, Johnstone Kumwenda, Elizabeth A. Bukusi, F. Wabwire-Mangen, A. Buchanan, K.A. Freedberg, K. Shannon, J.C. Makoni, N. Rosenberg, J. Montaner, R. Koul, J. Zhang, E. Shihepo, J. Wang, H. Tran Vu, J.A. Smit, M. Sinunu, K. Chesang, G. Muzaaya, E.J. Schouten, V. Joseph, C. Karema, B.M. Ramesh, J.A.C. Hontelez, K. Torpey, G. Guillon, R. Taljaard, J. Elliott, R. Rao, D. Wilson, T.B. Hallett, Y.D. Mukadi, D.R. Holtgrave, K. Yotruean, M. Rasi, K.H. Mayer, M. Horberg, C. Chariyalertsak, C.-S. Leu, S. Billy, R. Lee, P. Suwannawong, Barrot H. Lambdin, R. Heimer, J. Tosswill, Marsha Rosengarten, A. Tripathi, M. Williams-Sherlock, C. Dolezal, M. Makhanya, A.T. Urbanus, C. Hendrix, C. Mwangi, P. Srikantiah, W. Jimbo, A. Puren, T. Smolskaia, M. Kamal, H. Li, G. Murphy, P. Masson, N. Benbow, E. Umar, A. Binagwaho, Papa Salif Sow, P. Lissouba, G. Olilo, P. Pathela, M. Mugavero, M. Cousins, S. Swindells, D. Callander, Z. Mabude, G. Cardenas, M.B. Klein, D. Sherard, C. Toohey, M. Holt, A. Pandey, D. Hedeker, Kimberly A. Powers, J. Astemborski, R. Gregg, M. Cribbin, Edith Nakku-Joloba, C. Furlow-Parmley, A. Abadie, Joseph J. Eron, D. Stéphanie, E. Kersh, P. Oyaro, P. Kohler, D.B. Hanna, H. Götz, H.I. Hall, S. Eshleman, K. Eritsyan, A. Carballo-Diéguez, G. Mujaranji, R. Needle, L. Lacroix, S. Singh, L. Wilton, J. Gallant, A. Howard, H.A. Pollack, J. Mermin, J. Schinkel, and S. Lovelace

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, 030505 public health, business.industry, Gonorrhea, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Miami, medicine.disease_cause, medicine.disease, Virology, 03 medical and health sciences, Cross matching, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, Family medicine, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0305 other medical science, business
Published
2012
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9. Effect of sputtered silver thin film thickness towards morphological and optical properties of black silicon fabricated by two-step silver-assisted wet chemical etching for solar cells application

Author

Auwal Abdulkadir, Aliyu K Isiyaku, Mustapha Isah, Dallatu U Abbas, and Tijjani Ismaila

Subjects
silver film thickness, two-step silver assisted etching, black silicon, absorption, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Effect of sputtered silver (Ag) thin film thickness towards morphological and optical properties of black silicon (b-Si) fabricated by two-step silver-assisted wet chemical etching for solar cells applications is investigated. The method involves low temperature annealing of crystalline silicon (c-Si) coated with Ag thin films of 10 nm, 15 nm, and 25 nm. This is followed by an etching in a solution of HF:H2O2:DI H2O (1:5:10 volume ratio) at room temperature for 70 s. Dense and spherical Ag NPs with an average diameter of 203 ± 17.8 nm and surface coverage of about 72.5% are achieved on a sample with Ag film thickness of 15 nm prior to the annealing process. After the etching, the average nanopores’ height of ~420 nm with an average diameter of ~200 nm owing to denser Ag NPs on the c-Si surface before the etching are obtained. Optical absorption enhancement due to low weight average reflection (WAR) within wavelength region of 300–1100 nm is observed on the b-Si wafers. Sample with 15 nm of Ag thin film prior to annealing, demonstrates WAR of 7.7% compared 40.0% of the reference planar c-Si. The low WAR is due to the efficient light coupling effect of the b-Si nanopores. The fabricated b-Si nanopores can be used in b-Si solar cells for enhanced optical absorption and high photocurrent in the future.

Published
2022
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