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Background The correct diagnosis rate in acute appendicitis (AA) is between 72 and 94% despite advanced laboratory and radiologic examinations. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of laboratory parameters in the diagnosis of children with appendicitis. Materials and methods Patients who underwent appendectomy were divided as AA (subdivided into two groups as perforated and non-perforated) and without appendicitis. White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), red cell distribution (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin levels and Alvarado score were recorded. Results WBC, NLR and CRP levels were higher in patients with AA (p Conclusions CRP is the most effective bioindicator in the diagnosis of AA, the detection of perforated cases. It was revealed that NLR is effective in the diagnosis of AA, procalcitonin and RDW values are effective in the separation of perforated cases.

Introduction:The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of tetracycline (TC), clarithromycin (CM) and bleomycin (BLM) on the cyst diameter and ovarian tissues in the treatment of simple ovarian cysts.Methods:We employed Wistar albino female rats (n=38) to create ovarian cysts, and did not intervene in any form in the control group (GC) (n=6). In total, 32 female rats underwent unilateral salpingectomy for the creation of cysts. Macroscopic cysts were manifested in 25 (78%) rats who underwent salpingectomy. We divided the rats (n=25) with cysts into four groups. Salpingectomy with saline was performed in G1, salpingectomy with tetracycline (TC) was performed in G2, and salpingectomy with Clarithromycin (CM) was performed in G3. Additionally, salpingectomy with BLM was exploited in G4.Results:There was a significant decrease in the diameter of the cyst in G2 as compared to G1, but there was no significant difference among the other groups. There was no significant change in total ovarian reserve in the groups (p=0.066). There was a statistically significant increase in fibrosis in G1 and G3 groups as compared to GC (p

This study investigated changes in the concentrations of serum and urine neutrophil gelatinase lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), interleukin 18 (IL-18), and cystatin-C (Cys-C) induced by parenchymal and tubular damage following blunt kidney trauma, as well as their potential utility as biomarkers in the detection and follow-up of patients with suspected blunt renal trauma. Three-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 18) were divided into three groups (n = 6 in each): group 1: control group (no intervention); group 2: sham group (explorative surgery and exposure of the left kidneys); and group 3: trauma group (explorative surgery and induction of blunt renal trauma of the left kidneys). Serum and urine samples were collected before and 12-24, 36-48, and 60-72 hours later for NGAL, KIM-1, IL-18, and Cys-C measurements. In the trauma group, there was a statistically significant increase in post-operative NGAL, KIM-1, and IL-18 values after 12-24 h and 36-48 h, as compared with pre-operative values. There was also a statistically significant increase in post-operative serum and urine Cys-C values after 60-72 h, as compared with pre-operative values. NGAL, KIM-1, and IL-18 may represent novel non-invasive descriptive candidate biomarkers of early-stage tubular damage in children with renal trauma.

Choledochocele (type 3 choleduct cyst) is rarely seen in children. Here we report the case of a 5-year-old female who complained of abdominal pain for 2 years. A choledochocele with a diameter of 31 mm localized on the second part of the duodenum, in the periampullary region, was detected. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a mass starting from the second part of the duodenum and constricting the duodenal lumen. A 2-cm-long incision was made at the apex of the cyst using a needle tip sphincterectome and three 5- to 6-mm stones were extracted. There were no postoperative complications.

Delay in the diagnosis of ovarian torsion leads to serious histopathological changes and many problems, including infertility. Various agents have been investigated to minimize detorsion-associated potential injury. This study was performed to study the effects of carnosine and vitamin E on tissue and serum expression ofSeventy-eight rats were allocated evenly into 13 groups. All rats, excluding those in the control and sham groups and Groups (G) III, IV, and V, were subjected to ovarian torsion for 12 hours. The groups were designated as follows: G-I (control), G-II (sham), G-III (vitamin E), G-IV (carnosine), G-V (carnosine + vitamin E), G-VI (torsion), G-VII (torsion + detorsion), G-VIII (torsion + vitamin E), G-IX (torsion + carnosine), G-X (torsion + carnosine + vitamin E), G-XI (torsion + detorsion + vitamin E), G-XII (torsion + detorsion + carnosine), and G-XIII (torsion + detorsion + carnosine + vitamin E). Serum levels of NUCB2/nesfatin-1, ghrelin, adropin, and irisin were measured by ELISA. Immunohistochemical methods were used to measure the expression of these hormones in ovarian tissue.The levels of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 immunoreactivity were increased in G-VII, G-XI, and G-XII (Carnosine and vitamin E protected the ovaries from ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovarian torsion. These antioxidants, especially carnosine, may be useful for the treatment of ovarian torsion.

Background Amyand`s hernia is rarely noted in children, and appendicitis caused by a foreign body in Amyand`s hernia is even rarer. Case A 2-year-old girl presented with recurrent conglomerate lymph node enlargements and an abscess in the right groin existing for one year despite medical treatment. Direct radiography revealed a foreign body in the right inguinal region. Computed tomography showed a foreign body and soft tissue inflammation in the inguinal canal. Laparotomy was performed, and Amyand`s hernia was diagnosed. A foreign body was found in the lumen of the appendix vermiformis causing perforated appendicitis. This case is presented because of its rarity and unusual clinical presentation. Conclusion Amyand`s hernia should be considered in paediatric cases with the history of recurrent inguinal abscesses.

Objectives: The relationship hydatid cyst (HC) is a parasitic disease that is endemic worldwide. Aims: To study the clinical findings and laboratory results of patients with hydatid disease. Materials and Methods: Total number of patients (n = 78) who underwent surgery for HC disease from 2000 to 2017 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients’ demographic characteristics, reasons for admission into hospital, lesion location and size, laboratory results, andcomplications were recorded. Results: Of the HCs, 59% and 26.9% were located in the liver and lungs, respectively. The rate of multiple organ involvement was 10.3%. A total of 16 (20.5%) cases had ruptured HCs (7 livers, 7 lungs, 1 spleen, and 1 omentum). There was no significant difference in the rate of eosinophilia between patients with and without cyst rupture (P = 0.9). Indirect hemagglutination (IHA) tests yielded negative results in 38.9% of the patients; among them, 32.1% had ruptured HCs. A negative IHA test result was significantly associated with rupture (P = 0.046). No significant difference between ruptureand cyst size or location was found. Conclusions: HC rupture was not correlated with cyst size. The sensitivity of serological tests and the blood eosinophil count was low, even in cases of ruptured HCs. The recurrence rate can be reduced by open surgery and medical treatments. Keywords: Child, echinococcosis, hemagglutination test, recurrence, rupture

Background Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is a rare cause of non-bilious vomiting in young infants; the condition requires surgical management. Diagnosis is based on clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings. In the present study, we evaluate recent changes in the features of HPS. Method We retrospectively reviewed the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data on 56 HPS patients who underwent pyloromyotomy between 1996 and 2015. Patients were divided into two groups according to date of operation (group 1, 1996–2006; group 2, 2007–2015). Results Group 1 consisted of 30 patients and group 2, 26. The age at diagnosis was longer in group 2 (43.3 ± 13.1 days) than group 1 (37.4 ± 17.7 days). All diagnoses were confirmed on ultrasonography. Pyloromyotomy was performed on all 56 patients (48 boys, 8 girls). Significant between-group differences were evident in terms of age at onset of vomiting; rate of dehydration; development of palpable olive-shaped abdominal mass; serum urea and creatinine; acid–base status; and air distribution pattern on abdominal radiography (all P

Cystic abdominal masses in children are not an infrequently encountered condition of childhood. These lesions usually present with large size and mimick each other with similar presenting symptoms. Imaging examinations have an important role to determine the type of the cystic abdominal masses, which is crucial for management of patients and presurgical planning. In this pictorial essay, we summarized the imaging features of common cystic abdominal masses of children, including cystic lesions arising from liver, biliary ducts, kidney, pancreas, bowel, ovary, mesentery, and miscellaneous tissues. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Bochdalek hernia is a congenital abnormality with high morbidity and mortality characterized by passage of the abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity through a diaphragmatic defect. Intrathoracic location of abdominal organs such as kidneys is very rare, with a reported incidence of only 0.25% in the literature. Herein, we present two cases of Bochdalek hernia with a herniation of intra‑abdominal organ such as kidney that was treated in our clinic and compare this rare case with those in the literature. In both cases, the functionally normal kidneys were left in situ during diaphragmatic repair. No complications were observed during the postoperative period, and 10‑ and 1‑year follow‑ups. In cases with Bochdalek hernia associated with an intrathoracic ectopic kidney, the functionally normal ectopic kidneys were left in situ during repair of the diaphragmatic defect without complications.Keywords: Bochdalek hernia, intrathoracic ectopic kidney, review of literature, two case reports

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH, Bochdalek type) is rarely seen in both members of identical twins. Herein, we report a 37 weeks′ twins with CDH along with a brief review of the literature. Both the neonates survived.

WOS: 000371416800009 PubMed ID: 27026889 Objective: Appendicitis is very commonly encountered in emergency clinics. There is an urgent need for early and accurate predictive biomarkers of appendicitis in order to save lives, because currently-available biomarkers are imprecise and their delayed response impairs the ability of emergency doctors and pediatric surgeons to provide timely and potentially effective therapies. This study was performed to determine whether changes in the blood levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) can help to diagnose acute appendicitis in children and distinguish acute appendicitis from abdominal pain. Methods: Sixty children were enrolled and divided into three groups, with 20 patients per group: Group 1 (patients with appendicitis), Group 2 (patients with abdominal pain) and Group 3 (control). Blood NGAL levels were determined by ELISA. Results: The basal average serum NGAL levels were 8.2 ng/ml for Group 1, 3.9 ng/ml for Group 2, and 3.3 ng/ml for Group 3. Twenty-four and 72 h after surgery the levels were 5.1 and 2.8 ng/ml, respectively, in Group 1, 2.9 and 2.8 ng/ml in Group 2, and 2.6, 2.7 ng/ml in Group 3. Setting the cut-off point to 7 generated an area under the receiving operating curve (ROC) curve at 95 % confidence interval with 77.3 % sensitivity and 97.4 % specificity. Conclusion: These data indicate a significant difference in NGAL values between basal and postoperative measurements in appendicitis patients (p < 0.05). The ROC curve results showed that NGAL is a promising novel biomarker for the differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis from abdominal pain. FUBAP (Firat University Research Fund)Firat University [TF.12.35-2012] We would like to thank the FUBAP (Firat University Research Fund) coordinator ship (Project No: TF.12.35-2012) for financial support. We also thank Dr. Nurhan Halisdemir and Dr. Emrah Firat for statistical analysis.