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"Smart medical" applications refer to the fusion of technology and medicine that connects all linked sensor equipment with the patients, including those that measure physiological signals, such as blood pressure, pulse, and ECG. In addition, these physiological signal data are highly private and should be safely protected. It takes much longer to complete authentication processes in the traditional way, either based on public key infrastructure or attribute-based encryption, which is a burden for IoT devices. Hence, on the basis of attribute-based encryption, we propose lightweight authentication to shorten the time spent on authentication. Moreover, we use the patients' data and timestamps as seeds to generate random numbers for authentication. The experiments show that the lightweight authentication using Xeon E3-1230 computer is about 4.45 times faster than complete authentication and 5.8 times faster than complete authentication when using Raspberry Pi. Our proposal significantly improves the disadvantages of IoT devices that lack computing power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduced-representation sequencing (RRS) has made it possible to identify hundreds to thousands of genetic markers for phylogenomic analysis for the testing of phylogenetic hypotheses in non-model taxa. The use of customized probes to capture genetic markers (i.e., ultraconserved element (UCE) approach) has further boosted the efficiency of collecting genetic markers. Three UCE probe sets pertaining to spiders (Araneae) have been published, including one for the suborder Mesothelae (an early diverged spider group), one for Araneae, and one for Arachnida. In the current study, we developed a probe set specifically for the superfamily Araneoidea in spiders. We then combined the three probe sets for Araneoidea, Araneae, and Arachnid into a fourth probe set. In testing the effectiveness of the 4 probe sets, we used the captured loci of the 15 spider genomes in silico (6 from Araneoidea). The combined probe set outperformed all other probe sets in terms of the number of captured loci. The Araneoidea probe set outperformed the Araneae and Arachnid probe sets in most of the included Araneoidea species. The reconstruction of phylogenomic trees using the loci captured from the four probe sets and the data matrices generated from 50% and 75% occupancies indicated that the node linked to the Stegodyphus + RTA (retrolateral tibial apophysis) clade has unstable nodal supports in the bootstrap values, gCFs, and sCFs. Our results strongly indicate that developing ad hoc probe sets for sub-lineages is important in the cases where the origins of a lineage are ancient (e.g., spiders ~380 MYA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a multicasting solution for shared-buffer ATM switch. The cell duplicating function is performed by a one-to-many modified demux circuit. A shared multicast server is used to translate input multicast cells to find destination ports and corresponding routing information. By using link-list based ring structure, the multicast server can provide high speed (5 ns to search entry in 256-entry block in 0.8-[[micro]meter] CMOS process) and cascadable multicast translating function. In addition, the channel complexity of multipoint-to-multipoint multicast applications can be reduced to N channels per N users. The shared-buffer controller is modified by adding controlling and scheduling functions for multicasting queues to process the multicast feature. Finally with the aid of the quality of service (QoS) management, this proposed solution provides multi-QoS for multicast cells to meet the needs of various video applications. Index Terms - ATM switch, communication system, multicast cells, quality of service, VLSI architecture.

This paper presents a very efficient VLSI architecture for real-time median filtering as requested in many image/video applications. The median is obtained by first sorting input sequences and then selecting identified order according to the number of inputs. To reach the goal of high-speed data sorting, an optimized delete-and-insert algorithm is derived and then mapped onto shiftable content-addressable memory architecture. The complete design can be decomposed into a set of processor elements, where each processor element consists of two basic cells - sort-cell and compare-cell. Thus the design becomes very regular. More specifically any specified order can be obtained within one cycle and a high-speed clock rate can be achieved. A proto-type chip for 64 samples based on this architecture has been implemented and tested. Results show that a clock rate up to 50 MHz can be achieved using a 1.2 [[micro]meter] CMOS double metal technology.

Although digital medical imaging can improve diagnostic accuracy, efficient data man- agement and protection of patient privacy are major concerns. For example, an inadvertently modified medical image or a disordered series of medical images such as successive images of a beating heart may result in a misdiagnosis. The optimal use of digital medical images should timely detection of medical events while minimizing misdiagnoses and pro- tecting patient privacy. Improved detection of abnormal medical events would also improve the safety of patient care delivery models. We use a watermarking technique to embed im- portable patient data such as identity (ID), serial number or region of interest in the back- ground of a medical image to ensure that the image is matched with the correct patient and to indicate its relationship to other images in a series. The proposed method can be used to embed information at JPEG compression ratios as high as 70% [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]