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Superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) cables have been considered in the development of various seismic protection technologies. The cyclic nature of seismic loads necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical behavior of SMA cables under repeated loading conditions. As SMAs undergo repeated phase transformation cycles, alterations in their properties occur due to defects generated and modified during the transformation. When utilizing superelasticity, this response can be stabilized after numerous transformation cycles. In various applications, components made of SMAs undergo a stabilization process referred to as training to enhance the predictability of the alloy's response. Despite the widespread acceptance of training cycles to achieve stable cyclic response, a well-defined protocol is lacking. This study investigates the effects of various factors, including training strain amplitude, repeated loading, low-cycle fatigue loading, loading at high strain amplitudes, displacement loading history, and prestrain on the cyclic response of a large-diameter SMA cable. A total of 14 SMA cable specimens are tested under various tensile loading conditions. The experimental results, including stress-strain curves and various response parameters such as peak stress, residual strains, energy dissipation capacity, and equivalent viscous damping are examined in detail. The results indicate that training SMA cables at a strain amplitude near the end of phase transformation plateau leads to a highly stable cyclic response. However, it is worth noting that, in comparison to untrained cables, training induces a softening effect in the cable response. • Effects of training loading protocol on cyclic response of SMAs are explored. • Low-cycle fatigue response of SMA cables is revealed. • Influence of displacement-loading history on cyclic response of SMAs are investigated. • SMA cables trained at a strain near the end of phase transformation plateau exhibit a highly stable cyclic response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The study investigated the effect of intense training cycle (IT) of early season preparation period (SPP) and psychological status on technical and physiological parameters during small-sided games (SSG) and the relationships between these variables. Sixteen professional soccer players participated in the study (mean±SD: age: 24.5±4.1). Training load (TL), Total quality recovery (TQR) and well-being indices were performed daily. TL increased progressively (%TL=31.56 [AU]). Physiological variables did not change after IT and were not influenced by well-being indices and TQR. Technical aspects were negatively altered after IT (p<0.05). TL was significantly correlated with successful passes (r=-0.57, p=0.02), interceptions (r=-0.83, p<0.001) and lost balls (r=0.73, p=0.002). Well-being and TQR were related to successful passes, interceptions and lost passes [(r=-0.55, p=0.03; r=-0.75, p=0.001; r=-0.69, p=0.004); (r=0.54, p=0.03; r=-0.76, p=0.001; r=-0.69, p=0.004), respectively]. TL, Well-being indices and TQR represent a useful strategy for coaches to control technical aspects in soccer players during SPP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this study was to present a review of current knowledge and modern trends in periodization of the training process in team sports. The research objectives were: an analysis of various aspects of periodization of the annual training cycle for elite athletes practicing team sport games, an attempt to determine both the examined and unexamined issues related with periodization of training as well as to indicate directions for further research, and finally, presentation of different training loads and competitions in micro-, meso- and macrocycles. The research consisted of the analysis and generalization of the bibliography, methods of monitoring training and competition loads of the Polish national U17 female soccer team in the seasons 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, as well as of the female basketball division one club in the season 2014/2015. Findings of the present study indicate resolved as well as unresolved aspects of annual training cycle periodization in team sport games and provide information on the types of training and competitive workload planning in micro-, meso- and macrocycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay is the result of a research about informal communication amongst teachers in public schools of Madrid Autonomous Region. It is mainly focussed in Vocational Training teachers and in the southern area of the region. Data obtained in this research are intended to be used as a basis for a thesis. News published on official media related to competitive examinations and all what refers to changes in education (hints and statements) have acted as a breeding ground where different comments, either true or untrue, spread. All these have an influence on the working atmosphere for teaching professionals. Several issues regarding rumours are addressed, such as their source, the place where they occur, their timing, their form, their reliability, or the way they affect teachers´ mood.

When preparing training programme for the preparatory period most of the coaches should primarily perform analysis of the tennis players in order to identify their characteristics. Pursuant to this analysis they should determine the ways and methods they will use during the trainings and to structure the training programme for the preparatory period. The purpose of this professional paper is to determine the main characteristics oj tennis players at the age of 14 to 16 and to develop a programme for the training process for the preparatory period. For efficient preparation of an optimal plan it is necessaiy to make an evaluation and control of the tennis players, to make an annual plan based on the number of tournaments on which the tennis players will take participation. In order to prepare the optimal plan, the coach should have knowledge for the periodization of training, physiological, psychological, technical and physical needs of the tennis as a sport. This professional paper determines the general features of the tennis players at the age of 14 to 16, evaluation plan and control of the sports training, annual, weekly, and individual training plan for the preparatory period of the tennis players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving world-class performance requires a lengthy preparation period of about 11-12 years. Kunst-Ghermănescu shows that the age of the first contact with handball for children is around 10 years old. In this paper, we do not want to argue him, but we want to adapt the preparation in handball to the conditions of today's society. Therefore, we believe that the age of 10 is relatively late for the first contact with handball. Nowadays society has produced important changes in children's behavior, they becoming increasingly more sedentary. Children, even at a young age, no longer leave the house to play outdoors and they spend their time at home in front of the TV or computer. As a result, skills considered of the childhood (running, jumping, climbing, throwing, etc.) cannot be found in the motor baggage of the children. In addition, the age of 10 is beyond the age at which we can arise easily and successfully the speed and coordination abilities. So, we believe that the age of 6-7 years is the ideal age for the first contact with handball. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]