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Objective To determine the acceptability of keeping a self-written health diary among members of low-income communities, with the aim of generating needed health data. Methods We identified three different types of impoverished communities (tribal, inner-city slum and rural) in north India, and conducted a baseline survey to establish the sociodemographic properties of the members of 595 (tribal), 446 (slum) and 51 (rural) households. We designed health diaries with a single page to fill in per month, each with a carbon duplicate, and distributed diaries to willing participants. Health volunteers visited households each month to assist with diary completion and to collect duplicate pages for a period of one year. We compared the frequency of illnesses reported in health diaries with baseline survey data. Findings A total of 4881 diary users (tribal: 2205; slum: 2185; rural: 491) participated in our project. In terms of acceptability, 49.6% (1093/2205), 64.7% (1413/2185) and 79.0% (388/491) at the tribal, slum and rural sites, respectively, expressed satisfaction with the scheme and a willingness to continue. In the tribal and slum areas, we observed increased reporting of illnesses from health diaries when compared with baseline data. We observed that influenza-like illnesses were reported with the highest frequency of 58.9% (2972/5044) at the tribal site. Conclusion We observed high levels of acceptability and participation among the communities. From our initial field studies, we have observed the benefits to both our study participants (timely preventive education and referrals) and to service providers (obtaining health data to allow improved planning). Objectif Determiner si les membres des communautes a faible revenu sont prets a accepter de tenir eux-memes un carnet de sante afin de generer les donnees requises en la matiere. Methodes Nous avons identifie trois differents types de communautes defavorisees (communautes tribales, bidonvilles en milieu urbain et communautes rurales) en Inde du Nord. Nous avons mene une enquete de reference afin de definir les caracteristiques sociodemographiques des membres de 595 menages parmi les communautes tribales, 446 dans les bidonvilles et 51 parmi les communautes rurales. Nous avons concu des carnets de sante comportant une page a remplir par mois, chacune munie d'une copie carbone, et les avons distribues aux participants. Pendant un an, les volontaires de sante ont rendu visite aux menages chaque mois pour les aider a completer leur carnet et recolter les copies carbone. Nous avons compare la frequence des maladies mentionnees dans les carnets de sante avec les donnees de l'enquete de reference. Resultats Au total, 4881 personnes ont participe a notre projet et tenu un carnet de sante (communautes tribales: 2205; bidonvilles: 2185; communautes rurales: 491). En termes d'acceptation, 49,6% (1093/2205) des membres de communautes tribales, 64,7% (1413/2185) des habitants de bidonvilles et 79,0% (388/491) des membres de communautes rurales ont exprime leur satisfaction vis-a-vis du systeme et sont prets a continuer. Dans les deux premieres communautes, nous avons remarque qu'un plus grand nombre de maladies etaient signalees dans les carnets de sante que dans les donnees de reference. Nous avons egalement constate que c'est dans les communautes tribales que les syndromes grippaux ont ete les plus frequemment rapportes, avec 58,9% (2972/5044). Conclusion Nous avons observe un niveau eleve d'acceptation et de participation au sein des communautes. En examinant nos etudes initiales sur le terrain, nous avons pu voir les avantages de cette methode pour nos participants (education preventive et renvoi vers un specialiste dans un delai convenable) et pour les prestataires de services (obtention de donnees sur la sante permettant d'ameliorer la planification). Objetivo Determinar la aceptabilidad de llevar un diario de salud escrito por uno mismo entre los miembros de las comunidades de bajos ingresos, con el objetivo de generar los datos de salud necesarios. Metodos Identificamos tres tipos diferentes de comunidades empobrecidas (tribales, barrios marginales del centro de la ciudad y rurales) en el norte de la India, y realizamos una encuesta de referencia para establecer las propiedades sociodemograficas de los miembros de 595 (tribales), 446 (barrios marginales) y 51 (rurales) hogares. Se disenaron diarios de salud con una sola pagina para rellenar al mes, cada uno con un duplicado en papel carbon, y se distribuyeron los diarios a los participantes dispuestos. Los voluntarios sanitarios visitaron los hogares cada mes para ayudar a rellenar el diario y recoger los duplicados durante un ano. Se comparo la frecuencia de las enfermedades declaradas en los diarios de salud con los datos de la encuesta de referencia. Resultados Un total de 4.881 usuarios de diarios (tribales: 2.205; de barrios marginales: 2.185; rurales: 491) participaron en nuestro proyecto. En cuanto a la aceptabilidad, el 49,6% (1093/2205), el 64,7% (1413/2185) y el 79,0% (388/491) de las zonas tribal, barrios marginales y rural, respectivamente, expresaron su satisfaccion con el programa y su voluntad de continuar. En las zonas tribales y de barrios marginales, observamos un aumento de la notificacion de enfermedades en los diarios de salud en comparacion con los datos de partida. Observamos que las enfermedades similares a la gripe se notificaron con la mayor frecuencia, el 58,9% (2972/5044), en la zona tribal. Conclusion Hemos observado altos niveles de aceptacion y participacion entre las comunidades. A partir de nuestros estudios iniciales sobre el terreno, hemos observado los beneficios tanto para nuestros participantes en el estudio (educacion preventiva oportuna y remisiones) como para los proveedores de servicios (obtencion de datos sanitarios que permiten mejorar la planificacion)., Introduction The third sustainable development goal (SDG) aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. The 2030 SDG targets include reducing mortality through education and [...]

This article describes the automatic spray pyrolysis deposition (ASPD) process for the synthesis of hierarchically structured 3D nanoporous vanadium oxide (V2O5) transparent material on a fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. The deposition of material occurs at 673 K using an aqueous solution of NH4VO3, with a constant solution spray rate of 10 mL min−1 and airflow rate of 10 L min−1. Structural analysis confirms the pure orthorhombic structure formation of the V2O5 material, while FE‐SEM images show a well‐organized 3D spongy‐like porous architecture. The excellent conformality of the ASPD enables the deposition of high‐aspect‐ratio 3D structured nanoporous V2O5 electrodes for next‐generation supercapacitor applications. The hierarchical structured 3D nanoporous V2O5 electrode exhibits superior electrochemical performance in a 1M Na2SO3 electrolyte. Within the potential window 0 to ‐1.3 V, the electrode archives the highest specific capacitance (SC) of 453.32 F g−1 and also retains 86% of its capacitance after 5000 cycles. These properties mainly originate from the crystallinity, 3D nanoporous structure, and fast and easy ionic intercalation through the material. Furthermore, a symmetric supercapacitor device using this electrode is fabricated and which yields outstanding electrochemical performance. Overall, the results highlight the potential of 3D nanoporous V2O5 as an outstanding electrode material for next‐generation supercapacitor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Confined catalysis between a two-dimensional (2D) cover and metal surfaces has provided a unique environment with enhanced activity compared to uncovered metal surfaces. Within this 2D confinement, weakened adsorption and lowered activation energies were observed using surface science experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Computationally, the role of electronic and mechanical factors responsible for the improved activity was deduced only from static DFT calculations. This demands a detailed investigation on the dynamics of reactions under 2D confinement, including temperature effects. In this work, we study CO oxidation on a 2D graphene covered Pt(111) surface at 90 and 593 K using DFT-based ab initio molecular dynamics simulations starting from the transition state configuration. We show that CO oxidation in the presence of a graphene cover is substantially enhanced (2.3 times) at 90 K. Our findings suggest that 2D confined spaces can be used to enhance the activity of chemical reactions, especially at low temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, immense attention has been paid toward the rational design and synthesis of high-power density electrodes materials for high-power supercapattery applications. In the present work, ZnFe2O4 nanostructures with unique cauliflower-like morphology were deposited on a flexible nickel foam substrate using a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly electrodeposition method. The synthesized nanostructures were thoroughly examined by using structural, morphological, and electrochemical characterization techniques. Electrochemical studies of cauliflower-like nanostructured ZnFe2O4 electrode show a deviation from normal behavior and favored a mixed supercapacitor-battery-type nature. The value of specific capacity is obtained as 513 C g−1 at a current density of 1 Ag−1. The cauliflower-like nanostructured ZnFe2O4 electrode exhibits remarkable energy density and power density of 8.72 Wh kg−1 and 306.25 W kg−1 , respectively. Also, it shows long-term cyclic stability up to 5000 cycles with a maximum capacitance retention rate of 72%. These results signify that the high electrochemical performance and excellent stability of the cauliflower-like nanostructured ZnFe2O4 electrode material relate to their unique architecture, high energy, and power density for supercapattery devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript introduces an innovative six-way power divider design using substrate integrated waveguide technology, specifically tailored for applications in both X-band and Cband frequencies. The utilization of SIW technology in this design offers significant advantages, including exceptional isolation between output ports, and a high level of return loss. Additionally, the design incorporates a coaxial port at its center, facilitating the analysis of the power divider's performance. This coaxial port can also serve as a feeding structure for an antenna array, adding to its versatility. The simulation results indicate that the input return loss for port 1 of the power divider exceeds 23dB, demonstrating excellent performance. Furthermore, the design has been successfully fabricated, and the measured results align with the expected performance standards, affirming its practicality and functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbal plants contribute an important role in people's health and the environment, as they can provide both medical benefits and oxygen. Many herbal plants contain valuable therapeutic elements that can be passed down to future generations. Traditional methods of identifying plant species, such as manual measurement and examination of characteristics, are labor-intensive and time-consuming. To address this, there has been a push to develop more efficient methods using technology, such as digital image processing and pattern recognition techniques. The exact recognition of plants uses methodologies like computer vision and neural networks, which have been proposed earlier. This approach involves neural network models such as CNN, ALexnet, and ResNet for identifying the medical plants based on their respective features. Classification metrics give the 96.82 average accuracies. These results have been promising, and further research will involve using a larger dataset and going more into deep-learning neural networks to improve the accuracy of medicinal plant identification. It is hoped that a web or mobile-based system for automatic plant identification can help increase knowledge about medicinal plants, improve techniques for species recognition, and participate in the preservation of species that are considered ad endangered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study and consideration of medicinal plants have been ongoing throughout history due to their significant role in maintaining the well-being of mammals. Although identifying medicinal plants can be a valuable skill, it is often time-consuming, tedious, and requires the expertise of a specialist. The project works on the technique of image processing, which identifies the various medicinal plants. There has been a strong emphasis on improving efficiency through the application of technology, with a focus on incorporating digital image processing and pattern recognition techniques. To ensure accurate plant identification, proposals involving the application of computer vision neural network techniques have been advanced. This approach involves neural network models such as CNN, SVM, KNN, and Navie Bay for identifying the medical plants based on their respective features. After the validation step, the project provides a classification of 92.3 precision and 90.56 F1 score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyberspace is fraught with dangers, one of which is the distributed denial of service attack (DDoS). This type of attack is particularly concerning as it can disrupt vital services, prevent authorized users from accessing them, and result in financial losses. The aim of this research is to present an optimized AdaBoost classifier that has been fine-tuned using the HFPSO algorithm. The data is pre-processed to ensure that it conforms to standard features by normalizing it. Additionally, cross-correlation techniques are used to select features in order to eliminate redundancy. Finally, the constructed signals are used to train and test an HFPSO-optimized AdaBoost classifier. The result indicates the possibility of anticipating the attacks is fairly accurate. The system accuracy is 99.97%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium incorporation in ZnO modifies the lattice structure. The valence state of V plays an important role, controlling the oxygen content and thereby dimensions of the lattice. Both V4+ and V5+ are more electropositive than Zn2+ and reduce oxygen vacancies, resulting in lattice expansion. However, the sizes of both V4+ and V5+ are smaller than Zn2+, thereby resulting in the lattice contraction. The internal competition of increasing oxygen content and reducing effective crystal radius decides the lattice expansion and contraction. This affects the lattice strain and changes electronic levels, which modify absorption and emission processes in between the valence and conduction bands. A strong green emission band not due to oxygen vacancy but due to defects contributed by vanadium is also dependent on the oxidation state of vanadium. Bandgap also increases with the increase in the V4+ content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performances of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) largely depend on the perovskite compositions and the selection of electron and hole transport layers (ETLs and HTLs). The p‐type NiOx films are largely used as HTLs in p‐i‐n PSCs, thanks to their high transparency, processing versatility, cost‐effectiveness, and easy integration within tandem devices. Several studies have shown that surface modifications on NiOx films remove the surface defects, increase the NiOx conductivity, and alter the band offset, consequently improving the interfaces between NiOx films and the perovskite active layer. Indeed, besides improving the NiOx intrinsic properties, the surface treatments also lead, in many cases, to superior perovskite quality driving high photovoltaic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burn induced injuries are commonly encountered in civilian and military settings, leading to severe morbidity and mortality. Objective of this study was to construct microporous bioactive scaffolds of gelatin-hyaluronic acid suffused with aloe-vera gel (Gela/HA/AvG), and to evaluate their efficacy in healing partial-thickness burn wounds. Scaffolds were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, and Thermo-gravimetric analysis to understand intermolecular interactions and morphological characteristics. In-vitro fluid uptake ability and hemolytic index of test scaffolds were also determined. In-vitro collagenase digestion was done to assess biodegradability of scaffolds. Wound retraction studies were carried out in Sprague Dawley rats inflicted with partial-thickness burn wounds to assess and compare efficacy of optimized scaffolds with respect to negative and positive control groups. In-vivo gamma scintigraphy using Technetium-99m labeled Immunoglobulin-G ( 99m Tc- IgG) as imaging agent was also performed to validate efficacy results. Histological and immunohistochemical comparison between groups was also made. Scaffolds exhibited mircoporous structure, with pore size getting reduced from 41.3 ± 4.3 µm to 30.49 ± 5.7 µm when gelatin conc. was varied from 1% to 5%. Optimized test scaffolds showed sustained in-vitro swelling behavior, were biodegradable and showed hemolytic index in range of 2.4–4.3%. Wound retraction study along with in-vivo gamma scintigraphy indicated that Gela/HA/AvG scaffolds were not only able to reduce local inflammation faster but also accelerated dermis regeneration. Immunohistochemical analysis, in terms of expression levels of epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-2 also corroborated in-vivo efficacy findings. Gela/HA/AvG scaffolds, therefore, can potentially be developed into an effective dermal regeneration template for partial-thickness burn wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The classification of image system mainly focuses on photographic and nonphotographic i.e. natural & synthetic images. The semantic description-based on classification of images is a more interesting and significant problem in involuntary image identification. An algorithm for natural and synthetic image classification system has been established. In order to adventure the difference, the color pattern and spatial correlation of pixels in natural and synthetic images, some of the features are removed from the database of images. If these features are used alone, they have low accuracy but when it combined together and used for image classification forms a more multifaceted and appropriate classification and their exactness can be improved. Proposed image classification for natural and synthetic images algorithm will be use these low-level features of images such as edge map, color map, threshold ratio, nearest neighborhood & energy level for classification of the images into synthetic and natural. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we explore the potentials and the characteristics of electron‐transporting layers (ETL) grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at low temperature in co‐evaporated perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The thermal‐based ALD process has been investigated by tuning the main growing conditions as the number of cycles and the growth temperature. We show that un‐annealed ALD‐SnO2 thin films grown at temperatures between 80 °C and 100 °C are efficient ETL in n.i.p co‐evaporated MAPbI3 PSCs which can achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) consistently above 18%. Moreover, the champion PSC achieved a PCE of 19.30% at 120 °C with 150 cycles. We show that the low‐temperature processed ALD SnO2 is very promising for flexible, large‐area PSCs and mini‐modules. We also report the first co‐evaporated PSCs employing low temperature processed ALD ZnO with PCEs approaching 18%. This work demonstrates the potential of the low‐temperature ALD deposition method as a potential route to fabricate efficient PSCs at low temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research work, layered nanocomposite of polyaniline–manganese oxide (PANI/MnO2) electrodes is synthesized using the potentiostatic electrodeposition method. The structural and morphological properties of the nanocomposite electrode materials are tested using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) techniques. The XRD analysis shows the amorphous nature of the electrode material. The FE‐SEM micrographs show porous morphology. The supercapacitive properties are investigated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge‐discharge, cyclic stability, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. The layered nanocomposites show maximum values of specific capacitance which is 582 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. The synergistic effect of layered nanocomposite leads to enhancement in the supercapacitive performance than the pristine electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent progress of vapor-deposited perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has proved the feasibility of this deposition method in achieving promising photovoltaic devices. For the first time, it is probed the versatility of the co-evaporation process in creating perovskite layers customizable for different device architectures. A gradient of composition is created within the perovskite films by tuning the background chamber pressure during the growth process. This method leads to co-evaporated MAPbI3 film with graded Fermi levels across the thickness. Here it is proved that this growth process is beneficial for p-i-n PSCs as it can guarantee a favorable energy alignment at the charge selective interfaces. Co-evaporated p-i-n PSCs, with different hole transporting layers, consistently achieve power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 20% with a champion value of 20.6%, one of the highest reported to date. The scaled-up p-i-n PSCs, with active areas of 1 and 1.96 cm2, achieved the record PCEs of 19.1% and 17.2%, respectively, while the flexible PSCs reached a PCE of 19.3%. Unencapsulated PSCs demonstrate remarkable long-term stability, retaining =90% of their initial PCE when stored in ambient for 1000 h. These PSCs also preserve over 80% of their initial PCE after 500 h of thermal aging at 85 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance is a promising technique to probe bone mineralization and interaction of collagen protein in the native state. However, many of the developments are hampered due to the low sensitivity of the technique. In this article, we report solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments using the newly developed BioSolids CryoProbe™ to access its applicability for elucidating the atomic‐level structural details of collagen protein in native state inside the bone. We report here approximately a fourfold sensitivity enhancement in the natural abundance 13C spectrum compared with the room temperature conventional solid‐state NMR probe. With the advantage of sensitivity enhancement, we have been able to perform natural abundance 15N cross‐polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) and two‐dimensional (2D) 1H–13C heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) experiments of native collagen within a reasonable timeframe. Due to high sensitivity, 2D 1H/13C HETCOR experiments have helped in detecting several short and long‐range interactions of native collagen assembly, thus significantly expanding the scope of the method to such challenging biomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common non‐progressive neurodevelopmental disorder in which the impairment of motor and posture functions occurs. This condition may be present in many different clinical spectra. Various aetiological and risk factors play a crucial role in the causation of CP. In various cases, the causes of CP may not be apparent. Interruption in the supply of oxygen to the fetus or brain asphyxia was considered to be the main causative factor explaining CP. Antenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors could be involved in the origin of CP. Understanding its pathophysiology is also crucial for developing preventive and protective strategies. A major advancement in the brain stimulation techniques has emerged as a promising status in diagnostic and interventional approaches. This review provides a brief explanation about the various aetiological factors, pathophysiology, and recent therapeutic approaches in the treatment of cerebral palsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]