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Copyright of Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue Canadienne des Ressources Hydriques is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As financial instruments grow in complexity, more and more information is neglected by risk optimization practices. This brings down a curtain of opacity on the origination of risk, which has been one of the main culprits in the 2007–2008 global financial crisis. We discuss how the loss of transparency may be quantified in bits, using information theoretic concepts. We find i) that financial transformations imply large information losses, ii) that portfolios are more information sensitive than individual stocks only if fundamental analysis is sufficiently informative on the co-movement of assets, iii) that securitisation, in the relevant range of parameters, yields assets that are less information sensitive than the original stocks, and iv) that, when diversification (or securitisation) is at its best (i.e. when assets are uncorrelated), information losses are maximal. We also address the issue of whether pricing schemes can be introduced to deal with information losses. This is relevant for the transmission of incentives to gather information on the risk origination side. Within a simple mean variance scheme, we find that market incentives are not generally sufficient to make information harvesting sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mathématiques & Sciences Humaines is the property of Editions du CNRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Economics (2110-7017) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IRBM is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of Telecommunications is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Automatic comparison of compositionally biased genomes, such as that of the malarial causative agent Plasmodium falciparum (82% adenosine + thymidine), with genomes of average composition, is currently limited. Indeed, popular tools such as BLAST require that amino acid distributions be similar in aligned sequences. However, the P. falciparum genome is so biased that six amino acids account for more than 50% of the protein composition. One reason for the comparison methods failure lies in the compositional difference between the query and the subject proteomes, which is not taken into account in the amino acid substitution matrices. This paper introduces a method to derive substitution matrices, in particular BLOSUM 62, in the frame of the information theory. It allows the construction of non-symmetrical matrices, taking into account the non-symmetric amino acid distributions. The dirAtPf family of matrices allowing the comparison of P. falciparum and A. thaliana is given as an example. This paper further provides an analysis of the obtained matrices in the frame of the information theory, supporting the discrimination advantage they bring. To cite this article: O. Bastien et al., C. R. Biologies 328 (2005). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We overview some experimental and numerical demonstrations on the synchronization of chaos and its communication applications using Nd:YVO4 microchip solid-state lasers. Synchronization of chaos is achieved with several coupling configurations. Several encoding and decoding schemes for communication applications are also demonstrated by using the synchronization of chaos in microchip lasers. A new approach to secure communications using chaos based on information theoretic security is introduced. To cite this article: A. Uchida, S. Yoshimori, C. R. Physique 5 (2004). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We analyze the information-capacity limitations of the optical communication channel, as determined by noise accumulation from optical amplification and nonlinear wave-mixing. We review the concepts of signal-to-noise ratio and entropy for binary-coded and continuous communications, leading to a definition of ultimate capacity for the optically-amplified channel. A unified quantum model, describing both amplification and nonlinearity limitations, makes possible to determine the power transmission window within which the channel capacity can be maximized. To cite this article: E. Desurvire, C. R. Physique 4 (2003). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]