Search

Copyright of Erzincan University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Erzincan Binali Yildirim Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Erzincan University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Erzincan Binali Yildirim Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of mutagens in plant breeding is used to create new germplasm, increase agricultural yield, quality, and resistance to diseases and pests. Mutagens are physical or chemical factors that can alter the DNA or RNA structure of an organism, causing mutations above the expected level. One of the most common and potent chemical mutagens is EMS (ethyl-methane sulfonate), which produces point mutations in plants, but to a lesser degree can also cause the loss or deletion of a chromosomal region. This study used inter-primer binding site (iPBS) and coupled restriction enzyme digestion inter-primer binding site (CRED-iPBS) technique analysis to determine the effect of EMS mutagens on methylation rates in wheat genotypes at seedling growth stage. Treatments with five different EMS concentrations (0%; control, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4%) at four different times (0; control, 3, 6, and 9 h) were used. Inter-primer binding site (iPBS) markers were employed to assess genomic instability and cytosine methylation in treated wheat. In seeds treated with EMS at different concentrations and times, the disappearance of regular bands and the formation of new bands due to the effects of the EMS mutagen revealed that genetic diversity exists. The CRED-iPBS analysis revealed that the 3 h + 0.1% EMS treatment produced the highest MspI polymorphism value (19.60%), while the 9 h + 0.1% EMS treatment produced the lowest value (10.90%). The mutagenic effects of EMS treatments had considerable polymorphism on a variety of impacts on the cytosine methylation and genomic instability of wheat. According to the current research, EMS mutagenesis may be a practical method for accelerating breeding programs to produce enough genetic diversity in wheat populations. Mutation-assisted breeding and the subsequent selection of desirable mutants using genetic markers may also be carried out in wheat utilizing an integrated strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat, which is scientifically known as Triticum aestivum L., is a very nutritious grain that serves as a key component of the human diet. The use of mutation breeding as a tool for crop improvement is a reasonably rapid procedure, and it generates a variety that may be used in selective breeding programs as well as functional gene investigations. The present experiment was used to evaluate the potential application of a conventional chemical mutagenesis technique via sodium azide (NaN3) for the germination and seedling growth stage in wheat. Experiments with NaN3 mutagenesis were conducted using four different treatment periods (0, 1, 2, and 3 h) and five different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mM). The genomic instability and cytosine methylation of wheat using its seeds were investigated after they were treated. In order to evaluate the genomic instability and cytosine methylation in wheat that had been treated, interprimer binding site (iPBS) markers were used. The mutagenic effects of NaN3 treatments had considerable polymorphism on a variety of impacts on the cytosine methylation and genomic instability of wheat plants. The results of the experiment showed considerable changes in the iPBS profiles produced by the administration of the same treatments at different dosages and at different times. Coupled restriction enzyme digestion interprimer binding site (CRED-iPBS) assays identified changes in gDNA cytosine methylation. The highest polymorphism value was obtained during 1 h + 2 mM NaN3, while the lowest (20.7%) was obtained during 1 h + 1.5 mM NaN3. Results showed that treatments with NaN3 had an effect on the level of cytosine methylation and the stability of the genomic template in wheat plants in the germination stage. Additionally, an integrated method can be used to for mutation-assisted breeding using a molecular marker system in wheat followed by the selection of desired mutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Erzincan University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Erzincan Binali Yildirim Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Atatürk University Journal of Agricultural Faculty is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was prepared to determine reactions of mammalian sexual hormones (MSH) (progesterone, 17β-estradiol, estrone and testosterone) on sainfoin plants (Onobrychis sativa L.) grown in in vitro conditions, which was applied for 13 different methods performed in two stages. In the first stage, the seeds were cultured in hormone-free medium. In the second stage, the explants (cotyledon, root and hy-pocotyl) obtained from the plantlets were transferred to the medium including different hormone, dose and hormone-dose combinations. For the effects of MSH, the highest shoot (16 shoot/petri) were obtained from hypocotyl explants with the doses 10-6 mM of progesterone and, 10-4 and 10-6,mM of estrone; the highest rate of callus formation (84,4 %) with the dose 10-4 mM of estrone; the highest vigor rate (73,4%) with the doses 10-4 and 10-5 mM of progesterone from root explants were obtained. For rooting, the most suitable hormone was testosterone, the most suitable explant was hypocotyl and it is observed that number of root increased depending on treatment day. This study is the primary in terms of determination of the effects of MSH on tissue culture of sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa L). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study prepared was carried out determining plant hormones (PH) (NAA, BAP, KIN and TDZ) on formation of tissue culture on the sainfoin plants (Onobrychis sativa L.) grown in in-vitro conditions. This study which is applied 42 different methods was performed. In the first stage, the seeds were sprouted in hormone-free environment. In the second stage, the explants (cotyledon, root and hypocotyl) obtained from the plantlets were transferred to the mediums including different hormone, dose and hormone-dose combinations. For the effect of plant growth hormones, the highest number of shoots (29.0 nr) was obtained from root explant the dose 1.5 mg l-1 of BAP in the end of 90th day. Shoot number on cotyledones increased depending on incereasing number of treatment/day and the highest number of shoot (7.8 nr) was obtained from the dose 1.0 mg l-1 of TDZ in the end of 90th day. The best result in terms of rooting (14.8 nr) was obtained from the dose 0.4 mg l-1 of NAA from hypocotyl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant tissue culture via somatic embryogenesis plays a key role in wheat genetic transformation studies. Therefore, the production of embryogenic calli with a high regeneration capacity is a prerequisite for efficient plant regeneration. Although immature embryos are the best type of explants for plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis, the use of mature embryos has remarkable advantages compared to immature embryos as explants. However, the regeneration capacity of mature embryos is still lower than that of immature embryos. Plant regeneration from somatic embryos can only occur when they are mature enough. Moreover, the maturation of somatic embryos and their conversion into plantlets is closely associated with the used plant growth regulators. Polyamines are major components in the formation of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration. In this study, the effect of three types of polyamines on somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in wheat was evaluated. Although the effect of polyamines on embryogenic callus formation was not significant, their effect on responded embryogenic callus rate and plant regeneration efficiency was very significant. The highest responded embryogenic callus rate and highest regeneration efficiency were obtained on MS medium containing putrescine. Unlike other polyamines, an increase in putrescine concentration promoted a higher number of regenerated plants. The highest values for responded embryogenic callus and regeneration efficiency were determined in 1 mM concentration of putrescine. Plantlets derived from somatic embryos were successfully established in soil, producing fertile seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial autotetraploids of diploid perennial rye (Secale montanum guss) plants were obtained by colchicine treatment. C1, C2 and C3 generations of autotetraploid perennial rye were compared for seed set and cytological characteristics such as irregularities in metaphase i (univalents) and anaphase I and II (lagging chromosomes and/or chromatids and bridge formation) and micronuclei in tetrads. In the three generations (C1, C2 and C3) the percentage of cells with univalents was 18.51, 14.56 and 9.38% respectively. The percentage of cells with irregular anaphase i with univalents was 23.43, 15.93 and 7.85%, and for anaphase II cells it was 20.93, 16.47 and 7.16. The percentage of tetrads with micronuclei was 18.17, 14.07 and 6.17% and seed set was 27.72, 43.51 and 59.59% respectively. A negative correlation was found between seed set and the cytological characteristics investigated. The correlations among the characters investigated during meiosis division were statistically significant. Selection of vigorous plants of autotetraploid perennial rye increased seed setting by increasing the cytological balance. However, abnormalities in the early stage of meiosis division were reflected in the later stages of meiosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meiosis was studied in five high-yielding and five low-yielding triticale genotypes. The percentage of metaphase I cells without univalents was 75.0%. The average number of univalents per cell was 0.56. Percentage of regular anaphase I cells was 80.1% and the average number of laggards per anaphase I cell was 0.48. On the other hand, 77.1% of anaphase II cells had regular chromosome distributions and the average number of laggards per anaphase II cell was 0.64. The percentage of tetrads without micronuclei was 73.5%, and the mean number of micronuclei per tetrad was calculated as 0.77. The percentage of pollen viability was 74.5%. It was determined that high-yielding genotypes were usually better than low-yielding genotypes in all traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, wild orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) collected from four different locations (Oltu, Olur, Uzundere and Ulubağ) of Erzurum (Turkey) were used to investigate various electrophoretic analyses within and between four ecotypes based on peroxidase (PRX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) enzymes. Four natural populations of Dactylis glomerata showed genetic variability within and among ecotypes based on similarities and polymorphism of isoenzyme bands. In addition, a dendogram analysis was made according to band patterns indicating that ecotypes could be grouped showing characteristics in relation to each other, notably Oltu-Ulubağ and Olur-Uzundere. However, the degree of relationship of Oltu-Ulubağ (6 units) was higher than Olur-Uzundere (12 units). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characters causing low seed-setting rates in induced tetraploid Lolium perenne L. were investigated. The objective of this study was to determine whether these characters could be used as criteria in the selection of regular meiosis and high seed-setting plants. The seeds of C 1 and C 2 generations of artificially obtained tetraploid perennial ryegrass were used. Cytological studies were done on the root tips and spike samples. A significant positive correlation was found between the frequency of cells showing regular anaphase I and high seed-setting rates. As a result, it was decided that this normal separation in anaphase I could be used as a selection criterion for seed set. The highly significant negative correlation that was found between the number of micronuclei and seed setting showed that this character could also be used as a selection criterion when a large population is under consideration. It was necessary to isolate aneuploids from euploid plants to increase fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]