Search

Purpose: To evaluate the ocular surface (OS) parameters in the pediatric migraine patients (PMPs). Methods: This prospective case–control study consisted of 51 PMPs (PMP group) and 55 healthy pediatric patients (HPP group). In all participants, tear function was evaluated subjectively using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, objectively using Schirmer tear test (STT) and tear film disintegration time (TBUT), and with clinical and laboratory examinations (conjunctival impression cytology). The PMP group was subdivided into two groups according to their aura. Results: The mean age and gender distribution of the study groups were almost the same (P > 0.05 for both of them). In the PMP group, both the STT value and the TBUT value were significantly lower than those determined in the HPP group (P = 0.021 and P = 0.018, respectively). In the PMP group, the OSDI scores were higher than those in the HPP group (P = 0.032). In the PMP group, the goblet cell density values were lower than those in the HPP group (P = 0.01). With regard to the aura, the TBUT and STT values were nonsignificantly lower in the PMP aura-positive group than in the PMP aura-negative group (P > 0.05 for both of them). The OSDI assessment was similar in both the groups. With regard to the goblet cell count, it was observed to be less in the PMP aura-positive group than in the PMP aura-negative group (P = 0.01). Conclusion: Influence of OS in children with migraine was also demonstrated using the samples taken from the conjunctiva. These changes were also demonstrated by objective tests such as STT and TBUT. Both clinical objective evaluations and pathologic changes were more prominent in the migraine with aura group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate the histopathological effects of obstetric gel (OG) on vaginal tissue. In this study, 21 female Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups, comprising seven animals in each group. The first group (group 1) was the control group, the second group (group 2) was the physiological saline (PS) group, and the third group (group 3) was the OG group. In group 1, dilatation was performed using Hegar dilators from Hegar 5 to Hegar 10 without any vaginal application. In group 2, the vagina was washed with a PS-filled applicator. In group 3, the vagina was washed with an OG-filled applicator and Hegar dilators were used to achieve vaginal dilatation. In the group of OG-applied rats, there was an increase in mast cell infiltration, tissue epithelial thickness, and fibrillin-1 levels of the mucosa in the vaginal tissue. The present study is the first to investigate the histopathological effects of OG used for vaginal tissue dilatation in rats. OGs have no early effectiveness in preventing the damage caused by compression of the vaginal wall; however, OGs may have a protective effect against pelvic floor pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Lung injury is frequently observed in cases with sepsis, which can lead to conditions that progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causing mortality. There is no specific treatment for sepsis or sepsis-induced lung injury. Antioxidant therapy has been one of the most prominent options for treatment, according to pathophysiological studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of quercetin, a powerful antioxidant, on sepsis and sepsis-related lung injury. Methods: Thirty-two adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups. The control group (CNRL) received 1.5 ml saline via the intragastric route. The quercetin group (QUER [n=5]) underwent no sepsis procedure and received 20 mg/kg quercetin via the intragastric route starting 15 days before the procedure. The sham group (SHAM [n=6]) underwent a surgical incision and received 1.5 ml intragastric olive oil (quercetin dissolves in oil). The sepsis group (SEPS [n=7]) underwent the sepsis procedure. The sepsis and quercetin group (SEPS+QUER [n=7]) underwent the sepsis procedure and received 20 mg/kg quercetin via the intragastric route for 15 days before the procedure. Cecal ligation and puncture methods were used to induce sepsis. While ALT, AST, LDH, GGT and CRP values were analyzed from rat blood, MDA and GSH levels were analyzed from lung tissue. Results: The results showed that quercetin reduced neutrophil infiltration (TLIS 3.5 [0.26] in the SEPS group vs TLIS 2.75 [0.29] in the SEPS+QUER group [P=0.01]), intra-alveolar macrophage count (SEPS vs SEPS+QUER [P=0.01]) and cell proliferation (SEPS vs SEPS+QUER [P=0.01]), and that it helped to preserve lung anatomy during sepsis. It was observed that MDA levels in the lung tissue decreased with the treatment of quercetin to septic rats (SEPS vs SEPS+QUER [P=0.046]). Conclusion: These findings suggest that quercetin may be a potential treatment option for sepsis. However, more studies are needed to determine whether quercetin is a viable option as a therapeutic strategy in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of University of Kafkas, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to reveal clinical features of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) through comparing idiopathic BPPV and BPPV secondary to vestibular neuritis (VN). The clinical data of the 189 BPPV patients admitted to our tertiary care hospital including otolaryngological, audiological, vestibular, neurological, and radiological evaluations were reviewed. Patients diagnosed with idiopathic BPPV (n = 145) and BPPV secondary to VN (n = 44) were grouped as I and II, respectively. The clinical data of 2 groups were compared. The findings of the study showed that the patients with secondary BPPV due to VN are much younger, have symptoms of only posterior semicircular canal involvement, and require more treatments compared to patients with idiopathic BPPV. The clinical features of patients with BPPV secondary to VN and idiopathic BPPV differ on several aspects. More extensive studies are needed to investigate the underlying etiology in patients with BPPV encountered after VN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Object: To prepare a national guideline for Otorhinolaryngologist who treat allergic rhinitis patients who treat allergic rhinitis patients. Methods: The study was conducted by three authors, namely the writing support team. The support team made the study plan, determined the writing instructions, chose the subgroups including the advisory committee, the advisors for authors and the authors. A workshop was organized at the very beginning to explain the details of the study to the team. Advisors took the chance to meet their coworkers in their subgroups and determined the main headings and subheadings of the guideline, together with the authors. After key words were determined by the authors, literature search was done in various databases. The authors keep in touch with the advisors and the advisors with the advisory committee and the support group at every stage of the study. National and International published articles as well as the abstracts of unpublished studies, imperatively presented in National Congresses, were included in this guideline. Only Guideline and meta-analyses published in last seven years (2013-2017) and randomized controlled studies published in last two years (2015-2017) were included. After all work was completed by the subgroups, support team brought all work together and edited the article. Results: A detailed guideline about all aspects of allergic rhinitis was created. Conclusion: The authors believe that this guideline will enable a compact and up-to-date information on allergic rhinitis to healthcare professionals. This guideline is the first in the field of Otolaryngology in Turkey. It should be updated at regular intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a complication of ovarian stimulation with increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular permeability in the ovarian tissue. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is known to be associated with angiogenesis and vascular permeability. In this experimental study, we aimed to investigate the activity of TRPM2 in the development of OHSS. Materials and methods: Fourteen immature female rats were divided into two groups. Group 1 was the control group, and Group 2 was the OHSS group that was exposed to 10 IU of subcutaneous application of FSH for four days and 30 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the 5th day. At the end of the experiment, the ovaries were removed. The right ovarian tissues were stored in 10% formol for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. The left ovarian tissues were stored at -80 °C for biochemical examinations. VEGF, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the ovarian tissue. Congestion, edema, apoptosis and TRPM2 immunoreactivity were evaluated. Results: There was a significant increase in ovarian weight in the OHSS group compared to the control group. There was a significant increase in congestion, edema, apoptosis and TRPM2 immunoreactivity in the OHSS group. A significant increase in tissue levels of VEGF, TNF-α and MDA was also found in the OHSS group compared to the control group. Conclusion: As a result of our experiment, it was found that increased TRPM2 immunoreactivity on hyperstimulated rat ovary may be the reason or result of edema and congestion. Further studies are needed to discuss our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Roasted and spicy food (mainly hot pepper) consumption is very common in Southeastern Anatolia. Smoked and spicy diets and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection are known risk factors for gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eating habits on the gastric mucosa, to investigate the rate of H. pylori positivity, and to examine the association of these factors with histopathological features in this region. Methods: Histopathological findings in endoscopic biopsies of 943 consecutive patients were retrospectively evaluated. Results: More than half of the patients were female (54%; n=505), and the median age was 47±17.27 (range: 18-96). The most common non-gastritis histopathologic diagnosis was gastric carcinoma (2.5%; n=24), followed by polypoid lesions (1.6%; n=16). The vast majority of patients (92%) had chronic gastritis, and neutrophilic activity was present in 61% (n=537). The frequencies of atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and regenerative mucosal changes were significantly correlated with the severity of neutrophilic activity (p<0.05). Patients with atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were significantly older than those without atrophy and intestinal metaplasia (p<0.001; mean age: 47 and 46 vs 56 and 55, respectively). More than 50% were infected with H. pylori (57%; n=542), and H. pylori positivity was associated with the presence of chronic and chronic active gastritis, as well as lymphoid hyperplasia (p<0.001). In contrast, erosion, atrophy, and neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia were less common in patients with H. pylori gastritis (p<0.05). Conclusion: H. pylori infection and spicy food consumption are key risk factors for gastritis in Southeastern Anatolia. Prospective epidemiological studies are needed to better demonstrate the causal interaction between dietary factors and gastritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Expression of CYPs may provoke tumor development targeting activation of procarcinogens or increase in development and proliferation of breast tumor cells. Moreover, it affects the etiology of breast cancer and they may also change response to treatment. So, we aimed to compare the protein expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, which are the most commonly expressed in breast cancer, which is so important. Method: Breast biopsy specimens from at least 14 invasive breast lobular carcinoma were used and they obtained from Adiyaman University Pathology Department. The protein expression of CYP1A1, CYP1B1 were determined by immunohistochemically method. Staining intensity was graded as 0 if no staining was observed, +1 if weak staining was present, +2 if moderate staining was observed, and +3 if strong staining was present. Results: Results were assessment using the total number of participants. When pathologic and histological glands are considered, for right breast, as +3 staining CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 protein expressions were found to be 83.33 % and 16.67 % respectively. In +2 staining CYP1A1 protein expressions was found to be 16.67 %, but CYPB1 not expressed. For left breast, CYP1A1 protein was strongly stained by 50 %. In account of moderate staining. In terms of moderate staining, both CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 proteins were expressed in 33.33 % percent. Besides, weak staining results to be found. CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 were found to be 16.67 % and 33.33 %, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 (P>0.05). Conclusions: CYP1A1 was expressed in all cases, whereas CYP1B1 was expressed less or not at all. These results indicate that CYP1A1 can an important marker in breast cancer cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Post-tonsillectomy pain is one of the most frequent morbidities of tonsillectomy surgery. Currently, there is no standard protocol for post-tonsillectomy pain control. In our study, we aimed to compare the effects of perioperative peritonsillar dexamethasone–bupivacaine and bupivacaine-alone infiltration on pain control in pediatric patients. Materials and methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted between February 2018 and May 2018 in a single-center tertiary education and research hospital, otorhinolaryngology/head and neck surgery clinic, under general anesthesia, which included 120 pediatric patients between the ages of 2–12 (mean 5.7 ± 1.8), and who were with ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) I–II classification. Patients were randomly divided into three groups as 40 participants in each group. Group 1 consisted of patients who were injected with dexamethasone–bupivacaine into their peritonsillar region, group 2 consisted of patients who were injected with bupivacaine only, and group 3 consisted of patients who were injected with saline only as the control group. FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability) Scale and Wong-Baker FACES® Pain Rating Scale (WBS) were used for early and late period postoperative pain scoring. Patients with pain score ≥ 4 were treated with paracetamol rescue analgesia. Side effects such as nausea, vomiting and bleeding were recorded. Data of all groups were compared statistically and p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic data, duration of operation and duration of anesthesia. The pain scores of group 1 were significantly lower than those of the control group except for postoperative 45th min, 2nd day and 3rd day. The pain scores of the group 1 were significantly lower at all times except for the postoperative 12th and 24th hour, than those of group 2. The pain scores of the group 2 were lower than the control group only at postoperative 7th day, but no significant difference was found at other times. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of requirement rates for the first 60 min recovery analgesia (p = 0.686). No statistical difference was found between the groups in terms of side effects. Conclusion: In our study, preoperative local dexamethasone–bupivacaine infiltration in pediatric patients was shown to be more effective than bupivacaine-only and serum-only infiltration for early and late post-tonsillectomy pain control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in women with abnormal smear or cervical HPV infection and histopathological examination of colposcopy-guided biopsies in women with HPV positivity in a southeastern city of Turkey. Material and Methods: One-hundred eighty-nine women who were referred for either HPV positivity or an abnormal smear result were recruited to the study. The prevalence of oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPV genotypes was analyzed according to the histopathological diagnosis of the specimens obtained via cervical smear and colposcopy-guided biopsies. Results: Out of 189 patients, 36 (19,0%) had an abnormal smear result and 153 (81,0%) had a positive HPV test. Out of 153 patients, 33,9% (n=64) were positive for HPV 16 and/or 18 and 47.1 (n=89) were positive for other HPV genotypes. While 112 patients had positivity for one HPV genotype 21.7% were positive for 2 or more HPV genotypes. The most frequent HPV genotypes were HPV 16 (24.2%), HPV 18 (8.2%), HPV 51 (7.8%), HPV 39 (5.9%) and HPV 53 (4.6%). The highest prevalence of HPV16-18 was in the 30-49 age group. HPV 16 and 18 positivity were recorded in 20.2% of the cases with benign pathology while the prevalence was 34.7% in CIN I, 57.1% in CIN II-III and 100% in cases with invasive cervical carcinoma. Conclusion: HPV 16 and 18 were the most prevalant oncogenic HPV genotypes in the studied patient group and their presence was related with the severity of the cervical pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the surgical outcomes and hearing results in tympanoplasty surgeries according to graft support material. The results of patients with hyaluronate-carboxymethylcellulose membrane and spongostan and the results of patients with only spongostan were compared. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective comparative study of 118 tympanoplasty operations of 118 patients who underwent tympanoplasty in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at a tertiary medical center from September 2000 to December 2005. The subjects were classified into two groups; Group 1 (n = 38) in whom both sodium hyaluronate-carboxymethylcellulose membrane and spongostan had been applied and Group 2 (n = 80) in whom only spongostan had been applied as graft support material. The rate of graft success and pure tone audiometric results were evaluated and compared between the groups. Chi-square test and Mann–Whitney U-test were used for the analysis. Results: Pre- and post-operative audiometric results including air-bone gaps were not significantly different between the groups. In all groups, the postoperative air-bone gap was significantly improved compared to the preoperative air-bone gap. Graft success rate in Group 1 and Group 2 were 89% and 71%, respectively. The rate of tympanic membrane perforation closure was significantly higher in Group 1 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Depending on these results, we suggest sodium hyaluronate-carboxymethylcellulose membrane as an additional option as graft support material in tympanoplasties. The positive effect on graft success rate is documented in the present study. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the benefits and clinical outcomes of hyaluronate carboxymethylcellulose membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dermatology is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx is rarely encountered in HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)-positive patients compared with HIV-associated malignancies. Standard protocols are absent for the management of laryngeal carcinoma in HIV-positive patients. HIV infection- associated immune suppression increases the mortality and morbidity of laryngeal carcinoma treatment. In the management of laryngeal carcinoma in HIV-positive patients, beside the clinical staging, the detection of CD4+ cell count is important. Regular antiretroviral treatment may have favorable effects in the management of laryngeal carcinoma. The treatment modality in the presented HIV-positive case with the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer was determined with a multidisciplinary approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging (senescence) is a natural biological process that is the result of several different cellular senescence mechanisms causing a progressive functional cell capacity reduction. The most important mechanism is the free radical theory proposed by Denham Harman, also known as mitochondrial aging theory. Free oxygen radicals are extremely unstable substances with an unpaired electron in their outer orbital and their accumulation leads oxidative stress. Aging begins as the body's defense mechanisms against free radicals with a variety of enzymes and some antioxidants diminish over time. Another theory is the replicative aging theory described by Hayflick. Telomeres are specific DNA sequence repeats that make up the end of chromosomes. As a result of every cell division, telomeres become shorter and trigger aging-related mechanisms when it reaches a critical length. The telomere length is protected by addition of nucleotides which is mediated by an enzyme called telomerase, which is not present in the majority of somatic cells. Telomerase activity is regained in immortalized cancer cells, providing infinite multiplication capacity to cancer cells. Although these mechanisms seem to be independent, several studies have shown that oxidative stress is also effective in shortening of telomeres. The shortening rate of telomeres in each cell division varies, affected by the balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. In conclusion, decompensated oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of aging related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's, and cancer. A stress-reduced lifestyle with regular exercise, an antioxidant-rich diet and avoiding alcohol and smoking seem to be our best defense against oxidative stress and, therefore, aging related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]