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1. Bayesian inference for peak feature extraction and prediction of material property in X-ray diffraction data

Author

Ryo Murakami, Taisuke T. Sasaki, Hideki Yoshikawa, Yoshitaka Matsushita, Keitaro Sodeyama, Tadakatsu Ohkubo, Hiroshi Shinotsuka, and Kenji Nagata

Subjects
Materials informatics, spectral decomposition, Bayesian estimation, feature selection, aI-ready, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

To advance the development of materials through data-driven scientific methods, appropriate methods for building machine learning (ML)-ready feature tables from measured and computed data must be established. In materials development, X-ray diffraction (XRD) is an effective technique for analysing crystal structures and other microstructural features that have information that can explain material properties. Therefore, the fully automated extraction of peak features from XRD data without the bias of an analyst is a significant challenge. This study aimed to establish an efficient and robust approach for constructing peak feature tables that follow ML standards (ML-ready) from XRD data. We challenge peak feature extraction in the situation where only the peak function profile is known a priori, without knowledge of the measurement material or crystal structure factor. We utilized Bayesian estimation to extract peak features from XRD data and subsequently performed Bayesian regression analysis with feature selection to predict the material property. The proposed method focused only on the tops of peaks within localized regions of interest (ROIs) and extracted peak features quickly and accurately. This process facilitated the rapid extracting of major peak features from the XRD data and the construction of an ML-ready feature table. We then applied Bayesian linear regression to the maximum energy product [Formula: see text], using the extracted peak features as the explanatory variable. The outcomes yielded reasonable and robust regression results. Thus, the findings of this study indicated that 004 peak height and area were important features for predicting [Formula: see text].

Published
2024
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2. Epitaxy and transport properties of alkali-earth palladate thin films

Author

Yusuke Kozuka, Taisuke T. Sasaki, Terumasa Tadano, and Jun Fujioka

Subjects
Palladate, thin film, transmission electron microscopy, first-principles calculation, transport properties, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65
Abstract

ABSTRACTTopological insulators and semimetals are an interesting class of materials for new electronic and optical applications owing to their characteristic electromagnetic responses originating from the spin-orbit coupled band structures. However, topological electronic structures are rare in oxide materials despite their chemical stability being preferable for applications. In this study, given the theoretical prediction of Dirac bands in CaPd3O4, we investigate the fabrication and transport properties of SrPd3O4 and CaPd3O4 thin films as candidates of oxide Dirac semimetals. We have found that these materials are epitaxially grown on MgO (100) substrate under limited growth conditions by pulsed laser deposition. The transport properties show a weak temperature dependence, suggestive of narrow-gap properties, although unintentionally doped holes hinder us from revealing the presence of the Dirac band. Our study establishes the basic thermodynamics of thin-film fabrication of these materials and will lead to interesting properties characteristic of topological band structure by modulating the electronic structure by, for example, chemical substitutions or pressure.

Published
2023
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3. Combinatorial optimization for high spin polarization in Heusler alloy composition-spread thin films by anisotropic magnetoresistance effect

Author

Ryo Toyama, Varun K. Kushwaha, Taisuke T. Sasaki, Yuma Iwasaki, Tomoya Nakatani, and Yuya Sakuraba

Subjects
Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Half-metallic Heusler alloys are promising candidates for spintronic applications due to their high spin polarization. However, the spin polarization strongly depends on the atomic composition, which is time-consuming to optimize from various compositional combinations. Here, we demonstrate a high-throughput compositional optimization method for high spin polarization in Co2(Mn, Fe)Ge Heusler alloys by combining composition-spread films and anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) measurement. Two types of composition-spread films of polycrystalline Co2(Mn1−xFex)Ge and (Co2Mn0.5Fe0.5)1−yGey are fabricated on SiO2/Si substrates by combinatorial sputtering deposition, followed by post-annealing. The compositional dependence of AMR shows the largest negative AMR ratio of −0.13% and the smallest temperature dependence of the resistance change of AMR for y = 0.25 in the (Co2Mn0.5Fe0.5)1−yGey composition-spread film, suggesting the highest spin polarization and the closest nature to the ideal half-metal at this composition ratio. To verify this, we also develop a new technique to measure the compositional dependence of spin polarization by measuring the spin accumulation signals of nonlocal spin-valve devices fabricated on the composition-spread films and observe the highest spin polarization of 82% for y = 0.24. This confirms a clear qualitative correlation between the large negative AMR ratio and high spin polarization. Our combinatorial method using the composition-spread films and the AMR measurement proves to be a facile way for optimizing the fabrication conditions of half-metallic Heusler alloys with high spin polarization.

Published
2023
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4. IMPDH inhibition activates TLR‐VCAM1 pathway and suppresses the development of MLL‐fusion leukemia

Author

Xiaoxiao Liu, Naru Sato, Tomohiro Yabushita, Jingmei Li, Yuhan Jia, Moe Tamura, Shuhei Asada, Takeshi Fujino, Tsuyoshi Fukushima, Taishi Yonezawa, Yosuke Tanaka, Tomofusa Fukuyama, Akiho Tsuchiya, Shiori Shikata, Hiroyuki Iwamura, Chieko Kinouchi, Kensuke Komatsu, Satoshi Yamasaki, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Atsuo T Sasaki, Janet Schibler, Mark Wunderlich, Eric O'Brien, Benjamin Mizukawa, James C Mulloy, Yuki Sugiura, Hitoshi Takizawa, Takuma Shibata, Kensuke Miyake, Toshio Kitamura, and Susumu Goyama

Subjects
IMPDH inhibitor, MLL‐fusion leukemia, TLR signaling, Vcam1, Medicine (General), R5-920, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a rate‐limiting enzyme in de novo guanine nucleotide synthesis pathway. Although IMPDH inhibitors are widely used as effective immunosuppressants, their antitumor effects have not been proven in the clinical setting. Here, we found that acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) with MLL‐fusions are susceptible to IMPDH inhibitors in vitro. We also showed that alternate‐day administration of IMPDH inhibitors suppressed the development of MLL‐AF9‐driven AML in vivo without having a devastating effect on immune function. Mechanistically, IMPDH inhibition induced overactivation of Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐TRAF6‐NF‐κB signaling and upregulation of an adhesion molecule VCAM1, which contribute to the antileukemia effect of IMPDH inhibitors. Consequently, combined treatment with IMPDH inhibitors and the TLR1/2 agonist effectively inhibited the development of MLL‐fusion AML. These findings provide a rational basis for clinical testing of IMPDH inhibitors against MLL‐fusion AMLs and potentially other aggressive tumors with active TLR signaling.

Published
2023
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5. TGF-β-dependent reprogramming of amino acid metabolism induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancers

Author

Fumie Nakasuka, Sho Tabata, Takeharu Sakamoto, Akiyoshi Hirayama, Hiromichi Ebi, Tadaaki Yamada, Ko Umetsu, Maki Ohishi, Ayano Ueno, Hisatsugu Goto, Masahiro Sugimoto, Yasuhiko Nishioka, Yasuhiro Yamada, Masaru Tomita, Atsuo T. Sasaki, Seiji Yano, and Tomoyoshi Soga

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Through metabolome and transcriptome analyses, Nakasuka et al find that TGF-β-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in non-small cell lung cancer cells is associated with reprogramming of amino acid metabolism. They also identify P4HA3 as a key enzyme involved in these changes altogether providing insights into potential mechanisms of metastasis.

Published
2021
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6. Using numerical analysis of ordinary differential equation systems to predict the chemical concentration after plasma irradiation

Author

T. Kladphet, V. P. Thai, W. T. L. S. Fernando, K. Takahashi, T. Kikuchi, and T. Sasaki

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

In this study, a zero-dimensional numerical simulation of the atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) interface with a liquid solution was performed. By assuming that the solution reaction is dependent on the injection of radicals and electrons, we were able to obtain a single short APP discharge with the liquid solution. This study can predict excitation temperature, electron temperature, and population densities of species and result in optimum conditions for a chemical reaction for the synthesis of nanoparticles or other applications of the reaction between APP and liquid surface. This work aims to explain the effect of pH values on the synthesis of gold nanoparticles compared with experimental results. We found that the effect of pH value is expected to impact the generation of gold nanoparticles. Therefore, a high pH value is suitable for generating gold atoms for nano-synthesis. The fundamental plasma properties, such as population density, electron temperature, excitation temperature, and gas temperature, and chemical reaction process were studied. The simulation results were consistent with the experimental observations.

Published
2022
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7. Fabrication of a novel magnetic topological heterostructure and temperature evolution of its massive Dirac cone

Author

T. Hirahara, M. M. Otrokov, T. T. Sasaki, K. Sumida, Y. Tomohiro, S. Kusaka, Y. Okuyama, S. Ichinokura, M. Kobayashi, Y. Takeda, K. Amemiya, T. Shirasawa, S. Ideta, K. Miyamoto, K. Tanaka, S. Kuroda, T. Okuda, K. Hono, S. V. Eremeev, and E. V. Chulkov

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Magnetic topological heterostructures are promising devices to manipulate emergent quantum effects. Here, Hirahara et al. fabricate a novel magnetic topological heterostructure with a massive Dirac cone which becomes a massless one tuned by temperature.

Published
2020
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8. Simultaneous achievement of high thermal conductivity, high strength and formability in Mg-Zn-Ca-Zr sheet alloy

Author

Z. H. Li, T. T. Sasaki, T. Shiroyama, A. Miura, K. Uchida, and K. Hono

Subjects
magnesium alloy, thermal conductivity, strength, precipitation, atom probe, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

Lightweight magnesium alloys with good thermal conductance are in demand for structural components in portable devices. This work presents a strategy to achieve excellent thermal conductivity, room temperature (RT) formability and high strength in magnesium sheet alloys. We found that a Mg-1.6Zn-0.5Ca-0.4Zr alloy shows a substantial increase in thermal conductivity to over 130 W/(m·K) due to the reduced supersaturation of solute atoms in the matrix by the precipitation of Guinier-Preston (G.P.) zones while exhibiting excellent RT formability with a large Index Erichsen value of 8.1 mm, and a high yield strength of 227 MPa by peak aging treatment.

Published
2020
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9. Petahertz non-linear current in a centrosymmetric organic superconductor

Author

Y. Kawakami, T. Amano, H. Ohashi, H. Itoh, Y. Nakamura, H. Kishida, T. Sasaki, G. Kawaguchi, H. M. Yamamoto, K. Yamamoto, S. Ishihara, K. Yonemitsu, and S. Iwai

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Here the authors show second harmonic generation (SHG) from a centrosymmetric organic superconductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br. They find unusual temperature dependence and CEP-sensitive nature of the SHG which are explained in terms of nonlinear current.

Published
2020
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10. Observation of Gamma Rays up to 320 TeV from the Middle-aged TeV Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1849−000

Author

M. Amenomori, S. Asano, Y. W. Bao, X. J. Bi, D. Chen, T. L. Chen, W. Y. Chen, Xu Chen, Y. Chen, Cirennima, S. W. Cui, Danzengluobu, L. K. Ding, J. H. Fang, K. Fang, C. F. Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Z. Y. Feng, Qi Gao, A. Gomi, Q. B. Gou, Y. Q. Guo, Y. Y. Guo, Y. Hayashi, H. H. He, Z. T. He, K. Hibino, N. Hotta, Haibing Hu, H. B. Hu, K. Y. Hu, J. Huang, H. Y. Jia, L. Jiang, P. Jiang, H. B. Jin, K. Kasahara, Y. Katayose, C. Kato, S. Kato, I. Kawahara, T. Kawashima, K. Kawata, M. Kozai, D. Kurashige, Labaciren, G. M. Le, A. F. Li, H. J. Li, W. J. Li, Y. Li, Y. H. Lin, B. Liu, C. Liu, J. S. Liu, L. Y. Liu, M. Y. Liu, W. Liu, H. Lu, X. R. Meng, Y. Meng, K. Munakata, K. Nagaya, Y. Nakamura, Y. Nakazawa, H. Nanjo, C. C. Ning, M. Nishizawa, R. Noguchi, M. Ohnishi, S. Okukawa, S. Ozawa, X. Qian, X. L. Qian, X. B. Qu, T. Saito, Y. Sakakibara, M. Sakata, T. Sako, T. K. Sako, T. Sasaki, J. Shao, M. Shibata, A. Shiomi, H. Sugimoto, W. Takano, M. Takita, Y. H. Tan, N. Tateyama, S. Torii, H. Tsuchiya, S. Udo, H. Wang, S. F. Wang, Y. P. Wang, Wangdui, H. R. Wu, Q. Wu, J. L. Xu, L. Xue, Z. Yang, Y. Q. Yao, J. Yin, Y. Yokoe, Y. L. Yu, A. F. Yuan, L. M. Zhai, H. M. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Yi Zhang, Ying Zhang, S. P. Zhao, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X. Zhou, and Y. H. Zou

Subjects
Galactic cosmic rays, Pulsar wind nebulae, Gamma-ray sources, Gamma-ray astronomy, Gamma-ray observatories, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

Gamma rays from HESS J1849−000, a middle-aged TeV pulsar wind nebula (PWN), are observed by the Tibet air shower array and the muon detector array. The detection significance of gamma rays reaches 4.0 σ and 4.4 σ levels above 25 TeV and 100 TeV, respectively, in units of the Gaussian standard deviation σ . The energy spectrum measured between 40 TeV < E < 320 TeV for the first time is described with a simple power-law function of ${dN}/{dE}={(2.86\pm 1.44)\times {10}^{-16}(E/40\,\mathrm{TeV})}^{-2.24\pm 0.41}\,{\mathrm{TeV}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}\,{{\rm{s}}}^{-1}$ . The gamma-ray energy spectrum from the sub-TeV ( E < 1 TeV) to sub-PeV (100 TeV < E < 1 PeV) ranges, including the results of previous studies, can be modeled with the leptonic scenario, i.e., inverse Compton scattering by high-energy electrons accelerated by the PWN of PSR J1849−0001. On the other hand, the gamma-ray energy spectrum can also be modeled with the hadronic scenario in which gamma rays are generated from the decay of neutral pions produced by collisions between accelerated cosmic-ray protons and the ambient molecular cloud found in the gamma-ray-emitting region. The cutoff energy of cosmic-ray protons E _p,cut is estimated as ${\mathrm{log}}_{10}({E}_{{\rm{p}},\mathrm{cut}}/\mathrm{TeV})={3.73}_{-0.66}^{+2.98}$ , suggesting that protons are accelerated up to the PeV energy range. Our study thus proposes that HESS J1849−000 should be further investigated as a new candidate as a Galactic PeV cosmic-ray accelerator, or “PeVatron.”

Published
2023
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11. Divergent Mechanisms Activating RAS and Small GTPases Through Post-translational Modification

Author

Natsuki Osaka, Yoshihisa Hirota, Doshun Ito, Yoshiki Ikeda, Ryo Kamata, Yuki Fujii, Venkat R. Chirasani, Sharon L. Campbell, Koh Takeuchi, Toshiya Senda, and Atsuo T. Sasaki

Subjects
RAS, post-translational modification, G-domain, ubiquitylation (ubiquitination), lysine modification, cysteine oxydation, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

RAS is a founding member of the RAS superfamily of GTPases. These small 21 kDa proteins function as molecular switches to initialize signaling cascades involved in various cellular processes, including gene expression, cell growth, and differentiation. RAS is activated by GTP loading and deactivated upon GTP hydrolysis to GDP. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) accelerate GTP loading and hydrolysis, respectively. These accessory proteins play a fundamental role in regulating activities of RAS superfamily small GTPase via a conserved guanine binding (G)-domain, which consists of five G motifs. The Switch regions lie within or proximal to the G2 and G3 motifs, and undergo dynamic conformational changes between the GDP-bound “OFF” state and GTP-bound “ON” state. They play an important role in the recognition of regulatory factors (GEFs and GAPs) and effectors. The G4 and G5 motifs are the focus of the present work and lie outside Switch regions. These motifs are responsible for the recognition of the guanine moiety in GTP and GDP, and contain residues that undergo post-translational modifications that underlie new mechanisms of RAS regulation. Post-translational modification within the G4 and G5 motifs activates RAS by populating the GTP-bound “ON” state, either through enhancement of intrinsic guanine nucleotide exchange or impairing GAP-mediated down-regulation. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of post-translational modifications in the RAS G4 and G5 motifs, and describe the role of these modifications in RAS activation as well as potential applications for cancer therapy.

Published
2021
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13. Biliary tumorigenic effect on hypopharyngeal cells is significantly enhanced by pH reduction

Author

Sotirios G. Doukas, Bruno Cardoso, Jacob I. Tower, Dimitra P. Vageli, and Clarence T. Sasaki

Subjects
acid, bile acids, hypopharyngeal cancer, laryngopharyngeal reflux, NF‐κB, pH, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract Biliary reflux has been considered a potential risk factor in upper aerodigestive tract malignancies. It is not yet clearly known how pH affects the bile‐induced activation of NF‐κB and its related oncogenic pathway previously linked to hypopharyngeal carcinogenesis. In this study, repetitive applications of conjugated primary bile acids with unconjugated secondary bile acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA), on human hypopharyngeal primary cells reveal that strongly acidic pH (4.0) optimally enhances the tumorigenic effect of bile, by inducing activation of NF‐κB, STAT3 nuclear translocation, bcl‐2 overexpression and significant overexpression of the oncogenic mRNA phenotype, compared to weakly acidic pH (5.5) or neutral pH (7.0). As the pH becomes less acidic the partially activated primary bile acids and activated DCA begin to exert their influence; however, with significantly less intensity compared to bile acids at strongly acidic pH. Our findings suggest that biliary tumorigenic effect is strongly pH dependent. Controlling pH during reflux events may be therapeutically effective in reducing the potential risk of bile‐induced hypopharyngeal cancer.

Published
2019
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14. Metabolic Compartmentalization at the Leading Edge of Metastatic Cancer Cells

Author

Kara Wolfe, Ryo Kamata, Kester Coutinho, Takanari Inoue, and Atsuo T. Sasaki

Subjects
membraneless metabolic compartmentalization, leading edge, liquid-liquid phase separation, metabolon, purine biosynthesis, GTP-metabolism, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Despite advances in targeted therapeutics and understanding in molecular mechanisms, metastasis remains a substantial obstacle for cancer treatment. Acquired genetic mutations and transcriptional changes can promote the spread of primary tumor cells to distant tissues. Additionally, recent studies have uncovered that metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells is tightly associated with cancer metastasis. However, whether intracellular metabolism is spatially and temporally regulated for cancer cell migration and invasion is understudied. In this review, we highlight the emergence of a concept, termed “membraneless metabolic compartmentalization,” as one of the critical mechanisms that determines the metastatic capacity of cancer cells. In particular, we focus on the compartmentalization of purine nucleotide metabolism (e.g., ATP and GTP) at the leading edge of migrating cancer cells through the uniquely phase-separated microdomains where dynamic exchange of nucleotide metabolic enzymes takes place. We will discuss how future insights may usher in a novel class of therapeutics specifically targeting the metabolic compartmentalization that drives tumor metastasis.

Published
2020
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15. Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Author

Jitendra PS. Sawhney, Veerappa A. Kothiwale, Vikas Bisne, Rajashekhar Durgaprasad, Praveen Jadhav, Manoj Chopda, Velam Vanajakshamma, Ramdhan Meena, Govindan Vijayaraghavan, Kamaldeep Chawla, Jagan Allu, Karen S. Pieper, A. John Camm, Ajay K. Kakkar, Jean-Pierre Bassand, David A. Fitzmaurice, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Sylvia Haas, Werner Hacke, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Frank Misselwitz, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Martin van Eickels, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Gloria Kayani, Keith A.A. Fox, Bernard J. Gersh, Hector Lucas Luciardi, Harry Gibbs, Marianne Brodmann, Frank Cools, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Stuart J. Connolly, Alex Spyropoulos, John Eikelboom, Ramon Corbalan, Dayi Hu, Petr Jansky, Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany Ragy, Pekka Raatikainen, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Harald Darius, Matyas Keltai, Sanjay Kakkar, Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Giancarlo Agnelli, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Yukihiro Koretsune, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Dan Atar, Janina Stepinska, Elizaveta Panchenko, Toon Wei Lim, Barry Jacobson, Seil Oh, Xavier Viñolas, Marten Rosenqvist, Jan Steffel, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Ali Oto, Alex Parkhomenko, Wael Al Mahmeed, David Fitzmaurice, D.Y. Hu, K.N. Chen, Y.S. Zhao, H.Q. Zhang, J.Z. Chen, S.P. Cao, D.W. Wang, Y.J. Yang, W.H. Li, Y.H. Yin, G.Z. Tao, P. Yang, Y.M. Chen, S.H. He, Ying Wang, Yong Wang, G.S. Fu, X. Li, T.G. Wu, X.S. Cheng, X.W. Yan, R.P. Zhao, M.S. Chen, L.G. Xiong, P. Chen, Y. Jiao, Y. Guo, L. Xue, F.Z. Wang, H. Li, Z.M. Yang, C.L. Bai, J. Chen, J.Y. Chen, X. Chen, S. Feng, Q.H. Fu, X.J. Gao, W.N. Guo, R.H. He, X.A. He, X.S. Hu, X.F. Huang, B. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Y.H. Li, T.T. Liu, W.L. Liu, Y.Y. Liu, Z.C. Lu, X.L. Luo, T.Y. Ma, J.Q. Peng, X. Sheng, X.J. Shi, Y.H. Sun, G. Tian, K. Wang, L. Wang, R.N. Wu, Q. Xie, R.Y. Xu, J.S. Yang, L.L. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Ye, H.Y. Yu, J.H. Yu, T. Yu, H. Zhai, Q. Zhan, G.S. Zhang, Q. Zhang, R. Zhang, Y. Zhang, W.Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, Z.H. Zhou, X.Y. Zhu, S. Kakkar, J.P.S. Sawhney, P. Jadhav, R. Durgaprasad, A.G. Ravi Shankar, R.K. Rajput, K. Bhargava, R. Sarma, A. Srinivas, D. Roy, U.M. Nagamalesh, M. Chopda, R. Kishore, G. Kulkarni, P. Chandwani, R.A. Pothiwala, M. Padinhare Purayil, S. Shah, K. Chawla, V.A. Kothiwale, B. Raghuraman, G. Vijayaraghavan, V.M. Vijan, G. Bantwal, V. Bisne, A. Khan, J.B. Gupta, S. Kumar, D. Jain, S. Abraham, D. Adak, A. Barai, H. Begum, P. Bhattacharjee, M. Dargude, D. Davies, B. Deshpande, P. Dhakrao, V. Dhyani, S. Duhan, M. Earath, A. Ganatra, S. Giradkar, V. Jain, R. Karthikeyan, L. Kasala, S. Kaur, S. Krishnappa, A. Lawande, B. Lokesh, N. Madarkar, R. Meena, P. More, D. Naik, K. Prashanth, M. Rao, N.M. Rao, N. Sadhu, D. Shah, M. Sharma, P. Shiva, S. Singhal, S. Suresh, V. Vanajakshamma, S.G. Panse, Y. Koretsune, S. Kanamori, K. Yamamoto, K. Kumagai, Y. Katsuda, K. Sadamatsu, F. Toyota, Y. Mizuno, I. Misumi, H. Noguchi, S. Ando, T. Suetsugu, M. Minamoto, Hiroshi Oda, K. Shiraishi, S. Adachi, K. Chiba, H. Norita, M. Tsuruta, T. Koyanagi, H. Ando, T. Higashi, K. Okada, S. Azakami, S. Komaki, K. Kumeda, T. Murayama, J. Matsumura, Y. Oba, R. Sonoda, K. Goto, K. Minoda, Y. Haraguchi, H. Suefuji, H. Miyagi, H. Kato, Tadashi Nakamura, Tsugihiro Nakamura, H. Nandate, R. Zaitsu, Yoshihisa Fujiura, A. Yoshimura, H. Numata, J. Ogawa, H. Tatematsu, Y. Kamogawa, K. Murakami, Y. Wakasa, M. Yamasawa, H. Maekawa, S. Abe, H. Kihara, S. Tsunoda, Katsumi Saito, Kazuyuki Saito, T. Fudo, K. Obunai, H. Tachibana, I. Oba, T. Kuwahata, S. Higa, M. Gushiken, T. Eto, H. Yoshida, D. Ikeda, Yoshitake Fujiura, M. Ishizawa, M. Nakatsuka, K. Murata, C. Ogurusu, M. Shimoyama, M. Akutsu, I. Takamura, F. Hoshino, N. Yokota, T. Iwao, K. Tsuchida, M. Takeuchi, Y. Hatori, Y. Kitami, Yoichi Nakamura, R. Oyama, M. Ageta, Hiroyuki Oda, Y. Go, K. Mishima, T. Unoki, S. Morii, Yuhei Shiga, H. Sumi, T. Nagatomo, K. Sanno, K. Fujisawa, Y. Atsuchi, T. Nagoshi, T. Seto, T. Tabuchi, M. Kameko, K. Nii, K. Oshiro, H. Takezawa, S. Nagano, N. Miyamoto, M. Iwaki, Yuichiro Nakamura, M. Fujii, M. Okawa, Masahiko Abe, Masatake Abe, Mitsunori Abe, T. Saito, T. Mito, K. Nagao, J. Minami, T. Mita, I. Sakuma, T. Taguchi, S. Marusaki, H. Doi, M. Tanaka, T. Fujito, M. Matsuta, T. Kusumoto, S. Kakinoki, K. Ashida, N. Yoshizawa, J. Agata, O. Arasaki, M. Manita, M. Ikemura, S. Fukuoka, H. Murakami, S. Matsukawa, Y. Hata, T. Taniguchi, T. Ko, H. Kubo, M. Imamaki, M. Akiyama, M. Inagaki, H. Odakura, T. Ueda, Y. Katsube, A. Nakata, H. Watanabe, M. Techigawara, M. Igarashi, K. Taga, T. Kimura, S. Tomimoto, M. Shibuya, M. Nakano, K. Ito, T. Seo, S. Hiramitsu, H. Hosokawa, M. Hoshiai, M. Hibino, K. Miyagawa, Hajime Horie, N. Sugishita, Yukio Shiga, A. Soma, K. Neya, Tetsuro Yoshida, Tomoki Yoshida, M. Mizuguchi, M. Ishiguro, T. Minagawa, M. Wada, H. Mukawa, F. Okuda, S. Nagasaka, Y. Abe, Sen Adachi, Susumu Adachi, T. Adachi, K. Akahane, T. Amano, K. Aoki, T. Aoyama, H. Arai, S. Arima, T. Arino, H. Asano, T. Asano, J. Azuma, T. Baba, T. Betsuyaku, H. Chibana, H. Date, J. Doiuchi, Y. Emura, M. Endo, Y. Fujii, R. Fujiki, A. Fujisawa, Y. Fujisawa, T. Fukuda, T. Fukui, N. Furukawa, T. Furukawa, W. Furumoto, T. Goto, M. Hamaoka, N. Hanazono, K. Hasegawa, T. Hatsuno, Y. Hayashi, K. Higuchi, K. Hirasawa, H. Hirayama, M. Hirose, S. Hirota, M. Honda, Hideki Horie, T. Ido, O. Iiji, H. Ikeda, K. Ikeda, K. Ikeoka, M. Imaizumi, H. Inaba, T. Inoue, F. Iseki, A. Ishihara, N. Ishioka, N. Ito, T. Iwase, H. Kakuda, J. Kamata, H. Kanai, H. Kanda, M. Kaneko, H. Kano, T. Kasai, T. Kato, Y. Kato, Y. Kawada, K. Kawai, K. Kawakami, S. Kawakami, T. Kawamoto, S. Kawano, J. Kim, T. Kira, H. 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Sterry, T. Wong, M. Boon, R. Bunney, R. Haria-Shah, R.T. Baron, S. Davies, T. Schatzberger, N. Hargreaves, T. Stephenson, H. Choi, R. Batson, L. Lucraft, T. Myhill, S. Estifano, D. Geatch, J. Wilkinson, R. Veale, K. Forshaw, T. Davies, K. Zaman, P. Vinson, C. Liley, M. Bandrapalli, P. McGinty, R. Wastling, P. McEleny, A. Beattie, P. Cooke, M. Wong, J. Gunasegaram, M. Pugsley, S. Ahmad, C. A'Court, J. Ayers, J. Bennett, S. Cartwright, S. Dobson, C. Dooldeniya, A. Flynn, R. Fox, J. Goram, A. Halpin, A. Hay, P. Jacobs, L. Jeffers, L. Lomax, I. Munro, R. Muvva, M. Nadaph, K. Powell, S. Randfield, D. Redpath, R. Reed, M. Rickenbach, G. Rogers, P.B. Saunders, C. Seamark, J. Shewring, P. Simmons, H. Simper, H. Stoddart, A. Sword, N. Thomas, A. Thomson, H. Gibbs, A. Blenkhorn, B. Singh, W. Van Gaal, W. Abhayaratna, R. Lehman, P. Roberts-Thomson, J. Kilian, D. Coulshed, A. Catanchin, D. Colquhoun, H. Kiat, D. Eccleston, J. French, L. Zimmett, B. Ayres, T. Phan, P. Blombery, D. Crimmins, D. O'Donnell, A. Choi, P. Astridge, M. Arstall, N. Jepson, M. Binnekamp, A. Lee, J. Rogers, G. Starmer, P. Carroll, J. Faunt, A. Aggarwala, L. Barry, C. Batta, R. Beveridge, A. Black, M. Bonner, J. Boys, E. Buckley, M. Campo, L. Carlton, A. Connelly, B. Conway, D. Cresp, H. Dimitri, S. Dixon, M. Dolman, M. Duroux, M. Eskandari, R. Eslick, A. Ferreira-Jardim, T. Fetahovic, D. Fitzpatrick, R. Geraghty, J. Gibbs, T. Grabek, M.H. Modi, K. Hayes, M.P. Hegde, L. Hesketh, B. Hoffmann, B. Jacobson, K. Johnson, C. Juergens, I. Kassam, V. Lawlor, M. Lehman, S. Lehman, D. Leung, S. Mackay, M. MacKenzie, C. McCarthy, C. McIntosh, L. McKeon, H. Morrison, C. Mussap, J.-D. Myers, V. Nagalingam, G. Oldfield, V. O'May, J. Palmer, L. Parsons, K. Patching, T. Patching, V. Paul, M. Plotz, S. Preston, H. Rashad, M. Ratcliffe, S. Raynes, J. Rose, L. Sanders, M. Seremetkoska, H. Setio, S. Shone, P. Shrestha, C. Singh, C. Singleton, N. Stoyanov, S. Sutcliffe, K. Swaraj, J. Tarrant, S. Thompson, I.M. Tsay, M. Vorster, A. Waldman, L. Wallis, E. Wilford, K. Wong, S.J. Connolly, A. Spyropoulos, J. Eikelboom, R. Luton, M. Gupta, A.S. Pandey, S. Cheung, R. Leader, P. Beaudry, F. Ayala-Paredes, J. Berlingieri, J. Heath, G. Poirier, M. Du Preez, R. Nadeau, G. Dresser, R. Dhillon, T. Hruczkowski, B. Schweitzer, B. Coutu, P. Angaran, P. MacDonald, S. Vizel, S. Fikry, R. Parkash, A. Lavoie, J. Cha, B. Ramjattan, J. Bonet, K. Ahmad, L. Aro, T. Aves, K. Beaudry, C. Bergeron, J. Bigcanoe, N. Bignell, L. Breakwell, E. Burke, L. Carroll, B. Clarke, T. Cleveland, S. Daheb, P. Dehghani, I. Denis, Z. Djaidani, P. Dorian, S. Douglass, J. Dunnigan, A. Ewert, D. Farquhar, A. Fearon, L. Ferleyko, D. Fournier, B. Fox, M.-C. Grenier, W. Gulliver, K. Haveman, C. Hines, K. Hines, A.M. Jackson, C. Jean, G. Jethoo, R. Kahlon, S. Kelly, R. Kim, V. Korley, J. Kornder, L. Kwan, J. Largy, C. Lewis, S. Lewis, I. Mangat, R. Moor, J. Navratil, I. Neas, J. Otis, R. Otis, M. Pandey, F. Petrie, A. Pinter, M. Raines, P. Roberts, M. Robinson, G. Sas, S. Schulman, L. Snell, S. Spearson, J. Stevenson, T. Trahey, S. Wong, D. Wright, H. Ragy, A. Abd El-Aziz, S.K. Abou Seif, M.G. El Din, S. El Etriby, A. Elbahry, A. El-Etreby, M. Elkhadem, A. Katta, T. Khairy, A. Mowafy, M. Nawar, A. Ohanissian, A. Reda, M. Reda, H. Salem, N. Sami, S. Samir, M. Setiha, M. Sobhy, A. Soliman, N. Taha, M. Tawfik, E. Zaatout, D. Kettles, J. Bayat, H. Siebert, A. Horak, Y. Kelfkens, R. Garda, T. Pillay, M. Guerra, L. van Zyl, H. Theron, A. Murray, R. Louw, D. Greyling, P. Mntla, V. Ueckermann, R. Loghdey, S. Ismail, F. Ahmed, J. Engelbrecht, A. Ramdass, S. Maharajh, W. Oosthuysen, G. Angel, C. Bester, M. Booysen, C. Boshoff, C. Cannon, S. Cassimjee, C. Chami, G. Conway, A. Davids, L. de Meyer, G. Du Plessis, T. Ellis, L. Henley, M. Karsten, E. Loyd, J. Marks, L. Mavhusa, M. Mostert, A. Page, L. Rikhotso, M. Salie, J. Sasto, F. Shaik, A. Skein, L. Smith, G. Tarr, T. Tau, F. van Zyl, W. Al Mahmeed, G. Yousef, A. Agrawal, M. Nathani, M. Ibrahim, E.M. Esheiba, R. Singh, A. Naguib, M. Abu-Mahfouz, M. Al Omairi, A. Al Naeemi, R. Maruthanayagam, N. Bazargani, A. Wassef, R. Gupta, M. Khan, B. Subbaraman, A. Abdul, A. Al Mulla, S. El Bardisy, P. Haridas, S. Jadhav, K. Magdaluyo, M. Makdad, I. Maqsood, R. Mohamed, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, M. Thanzeel, S.Z. Goldhaber, R. Canosa, P. Rama, E. Blumberg, J. Garcia, P. Mullen, V. Wilson, A. Quick, K. Ferrick, W.M. Kutayli, M. Cox, M. Franco, S. Falkowski, R. Mendelson, M. Williams, S. Miller, S. Beach, A. Alfieri, T. Gutowski, I. Haque, R. Reddy, W. Ahmed, P. Delafontaine, D. Diercks, D. Theodoro, K. Remmel, M. Alberts, R. Ison, H. Noveck, P. Duffy, S. Pitta, D. Nishijima, C. Treasure, N. Asafu-Adjaye, K. Ball, M. Bartlett, M. Bentley, S. Bowers, A. Brown, A. Browne, J. Cameron-Watts, M. Canova, D. Cassidy, K. Cervellione, S. Congal, J. DePauw, A. Dickerson, M. Eley, L. Evans, S. Felpel, K. Ferdinand, D. Fielder, P. Gentry, A. Haideri, F. Hakimi, T. Harbour, E. Hartranft, B. Hawkins, M. Headlee, L. Henson, C. Herrick, T. Hicks, S. Jasinski, A. Jones, L. Jones, P. Jones, S. Karl, M. Keeling, J. Kerr, P. Knowles, J. Langdon, M. Lay, J.A. Lee, T. Lincoln, E. Malone, A. Merliss, D. Merritt, J. Minardo, B. Mooso, C. Orosco, V. Palumbo, M. Parker, T. Parrott, S. Paserchia, G. Pearl, J. Peterson, N. Pickelsimer, T. Purcell, J. Raynor, S. Raziano, C. Richard, T. Richardson, C. Robertson, A. Sage, T. Sanghera, P. Shaw, J. Shoemaker, K. Smith, B. Stephanie, A. Thatcher, H. Theobald, N. Thompson, L. Treasure, T. Tripti, C. Verdi, and V. Worthy

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. Methods and results: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012–2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P

Published
2018
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16. In Vivo Short-Term Topical Application of BAY 11-7082 Prevents the Acidic Bile–Induced mRNA and miRNA Oncogenic Phenotypes in Exposed Murine Hypopharyngeal Mucosa

Author

Clarence T. Sasaki, Sotirios G. Doukas, and Dimitra P. Vageli

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

PURPOSE: Bile-containing gastroesophageal reflux may promote cancer at extraesophageal sites. Acidic bile can accelerate NF-κB activation and molecular events, linked to premalignant changes in murine hypopharyngeal mucosa (HM). We hypothesize that short-term in vivo topical application of NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 can prevent acidic bile–induced early preneoplastic molecular events, suggesting its potential role in disease prevention. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We topically exposed HM (C57Bl/6j wild-type) to a mixture of bile acids at pH 3.0 with and without BAY 11-7082 3 times/day for 7 days. We used immunofluorescence, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and polymerase chain reaction microarrays to identify NF-κB activation and its associated oncogenic mRNA and miRNA phenotypes, in murine hypopharyngeal cells in vitro and in murine HM in vivo. RESULTS: Short-term exposure of HM to acidic bile is a potent stimulus accelerating the expression of NF-κB signaling (70 out of 84 genes) and oncogenic molecules. Topical application of BAY 11-7082 sufficiently blocks the effect of acidic bile. BAY 11-7082 eliminates NF-κB activation in regenerating basal cells of acidic bile–treated HM and prevents overexpression of molecules central to head and neck cancer, including bcl-2, STAT3, EGFR, TNF-α, and WNT5A. NF-κB inhibitor reverses the upregulated “oncomirs” miR-155 and miR-192 and the downregulated “tumor suppressors” miR-451a and miR-375 phenotypes in HM affected by acidic bile. CONCLUSION: There is novel evidence that acidic bile–induced NF-κB–related oncogenic mRNA and miRNA phenotypes are generated after short-term 7-day mucosal exposure and that topical mucosal application of BAY 11-7082 can prevent the acidic bile–induced molecular alterations associated with unregulated cell growth and proliferation of hypopharyngeal cells.

Published
2018
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17. Recent developments and comparative study of magnetically geared machines

Author

Z. Q. Zhu, H. Y. Li, R. Deodhar, A. Pride, and T. Sasaki

Subjects
field modulation, magnetic gear, multi-port, permanent magnet, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

This paper overviews the recent developments and various topologies of magnetically geared (MGd) machines. Particularly, current design trends and research hotspots of this kind of MGd machines are emphasized, with the aid of statistic summary of the published papers. According to different evolutions from a magnetic gear (MG), four mainstreams of MGd machines are extracted and compared in terms of both mechanical complexity and electromagnetic performance. By virtue of their inherent features, such as high torque density and multi-power port, the feasibility of MGd machines for applications, where continuously variable transmission (CVT) and power split are demanded, is also described.

Published
2018
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18. Quantum-disordered state of magnetic and electric dipoles in an organic Mott system

Author

M. Shimozawa, K. Hashimoto, A. Ueda, Y. Suzuki, K. Sugii, S. Yamada, Y. Imai, R. Kobayashi, K. Itoh, S. Iguchi, M. Naka, S. Ishihara, H. Mori, T. Sasaki, and M. Yamashita

Subjects
Science
Abstract

The organic material κ-H3(Cat-EDT-TTF)2 has been suggested to exhibit a quantum spin liquid phase in which quantum fluctuations prevent the formation of magnetic order. Here, the authors show that this may be a result of fluctuations of hydrogen atoms, rather than more conventional geometric frustration.

Published
2017
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19. Identification and characterization of a rich population of CD34+ mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in human parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands

Author

Padma Priya Togarrati, Robson T. Sasaki, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, Nuntana Dinglasan, Xutao Deng, Shivani Desai, Elaine Emmerson, Elizabeth Yee, William R. Ryan, Marcelo C. P. da Silva, Sarah M. Knox, Satish K. Pillai, and Marcus O. Muench

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) play crucial roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis during physiological turnovers and injuries. Very little is known about the phenotype, distribution and molecular nature of MSCs in freshly isolated human salivary glands (SGs) as most reports have focused on the analysis of cultured MSCs. Our results demonstrate that the cell adhesion molecule CD34 was widely expressed by the MSCs of human major SGs, namely parotid (PAG), sublingual (SLG) and submandibular (SMG) glands. Further, gene expression analysis of CD34+ cells derived from fetal SMGs showed significant upregulation of genes involved in cellular adhesion, proliferation, branching, extracellular matrix remodeling and organ development. Moreover, CD34+ SMG cells exhibited elevated expression of genes encoding extracellular matrix, basement membrane proteins, and members of ERK, FGF and PDGF signaling pathways, which play key roles in glandular development, branching and homeostasis. In vitro CD34+ cell derived SG-MSCs revealed multilineage differentiation potential. Intraglandular transplantation of cultured MSCs in immunodeficient mice led to their engraftment in the injected and uninjected contralateral and ipsilateral glands. Engrafted cells could be localized to the stroma surrounding acini and ducts. In summary, our data show that CD34+ derived SG-MSCs could be a promising cell source for adoptive cell-based SG therapies, and bioengineering of artificial SGs.

Published
2017
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20. Pharmacologic Targeting of S6K1 in PTEN-Deficient Neoplasia

Author

Hongqi Liu, Xizhi Feng, Kelli N. Ennis, Catherine A. Behrmann, Pranjal Sarma, Tony T. Jiang, Satoshi Kofuji, Liang Niu, Yiwen Stratton, Hala Elnakat Thomas, Sang-Oh Yoon, Atsuo T. Sasaki, and David R. Plas

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Summary: Genetic S6K1 inactivation can induce apoptosis in PTEN-deficient cells. We analyzed the therapeutic potential of S6K1 inhibitors in PTEN-deficient T cell leukemia and glioblastoma. Results revealed that the S6K1 inhibitor LY-2779964 was relatively ineffective as a single agent, while S6K1-targeting AD80 induced cytotoxicity selectively in PTEN-deficient cells. In vivo, AD80 rescued 50% of mice transplanted with PTEN-deficient leukemia cells. Cells surviving LY-2779964 treatment exhibited inhibitor-induced S6K1 phosphorylation due to increased mTOR-S6K1 co-association, which primed the rapid recovery of S6K1 signaling. In contrast, AD80 avoided S6K1 phosphorylation and mTOR co-association, resulting in durable suppression of S6K1-induced signaling and protein synthesis. Kinome analysis revealed that AD80 coordinately inhibits S6K1 together with the TAM family tyrosine kinase AXL. TAM suppression by BMS-777607 or genetic knockdown potentiated cytotoxic responses to LY-2779964 in PTEN-deficient glioblastoma cells. These results reveal that combination targeting of S6K1 and TAMs is a potential strategy for treatment of PTEN-deficient malignancy. : Liu et al. find that the S6K1 inhibitor, AD80, is selectively cytotoxic for PTEN-deficient cancer cells, while LY-2779964 is ineffective as a single agent. AD80 avoids S6K1 priming and co-targets TAM tyrosine kinases. Combining LY-2779964 with the TAM kinase inhibitor BMS-777607 is selectively cytotoxic for PTEN-deficient cells. Keywords: S6K1, leukemia, LY-2779964, PF4708671, AD80, Pten, BMS-777607, AXL, TAM, glioblastoma

Published
2017
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21. Correction: Identification of lysine methylation in the core GTPase domain by GoMADScan.

Author

Hirofumi Yoshino, Guowei Yin, Risa Kawaguchi, Konstantin I Popov, Brenda Temple, Mika Sasaki, Satoshi Kofuji, Kara Wolfe, Kaori Kofuji, Koichi Okumura, Jaskirat Randhawa, Akshiv Malhotra, Nazanin Majd, Yoshiki Ikeda, Hiroko Shimada, Emily Rose Kahoud, Sasson Haviv, Shigeki Iwase, John M Asara, Sharon L Campbell, and Atsuo T Sasaki

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219436.].

Published
2019
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22. Identification of lysine methylation in the core GTPase domain by GoMADScan.

Author

Hirofumi Yoshino, Guowei Yin, Risa Kawaguchi, Konstantin I Popov, Brenda Temple, Mika Sasaki, Satoshi Kofuji, Kara Wolfe, Kaori Kofuji, Koichi Okumura, Jaskirat Randhawa, Akshiv Malhotra, Nazanin Majd, Yoshiki Ikeda, Hiroko Shimada, Emily Rose Kahoud, Sasson Haviv, Shigeki Iwase, John M Asara, Sharon L Campbell, and Atsuo T Sasaki

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

RAS is the founding member of a superfamily of GTPases and regulates signaling pathways involved in cellular growth control. While recent studies have shown that the activation state of RAS can be controlled by lysine ubiquitylation and acetylation, the existence of lysine methylation of the RAS superfamily GTPases remains unexplored. In contrast to acetylation, methylation does not alter the side chain charge and it has been challenging to deduce its impact on protein structure by conventional amino acid substitutions. Herein, we investigate lysine methylation on RAS and RAS-related GTPases. We developed GoMADScan (Go language-based Modification Associated Database Scanner), a new user-friendly application that scans and extracts posttranslationally modified peptides from databases. The GoMADScan search on PhosphoSitePlus databases identified methylation of conserved lysine residues in the core GTPase domain of RAS superfamily GTPases, including residues corresponding to RAS Lys-5, Lys-16, and Lys-117. To follow up on these observations, we immunoprecipitated endogenous RAS from HEK293T cells, conducted mass spectrometric analysis and found that RAS residues, Lys-5 and Lys-147, undergo dimethylation and monomethylation, respectively. Since mutations of Lys-5 have been found in cancers and RASopathies, we set up molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to assess the putative impact of Lys-5 dimethylation on RAS structure. Results from our MD analyses predict that dimethylation of Lys-5 does not significantly alter RAS conformation, suggesting that Lys-5 methylation may alter existing protein interactions or create a docking site to foster new interactions. Taken together, our findings uncover the existence of lysine methylation as a novel posttranslational modification associated with RAS and the RAS superfamily GTPases, and putative impact of Lys-5 dimethylation on RAS structure.

Published
2019
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24. Reuse of Molecules for Glioblastoma Therapy

Author

Abigail Koehler, Aniruddha Karve, Pankaj Desai, Jack Arbiser, David R. Plas, Xiaoyang Qi, Renee D. Read, Atsuo T. Sasaki, Vaibhavkumar S. Gawali, Donatien K. Toukam, Debanjan Bhattacharya, Laura Kallay, Daniel A. Pomeranz Krummel, and Soma Sengupta

Subjects
glioblastoma, brain cancer, letrozole, S6K1 inhibitors, imipramine blue, Visudyne®, Medicine, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant primary brain tumor. The current standard of care for GBM is the Stupp protocol which includes surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy concomitant with the DNA alkylator temozolomide; however, survival under this treatment regimen is an abysmal 12–18 months. New and emerging treatments include the application of a physical device, non-invasive ‘tumor treating fields’ (TTFs), including its concomitant use with standard of care; and varied vaccines and immunotherapeutics being trialed. Some of these approaches have extended life by a few months over standard of care, but in some cases are only available for a minority of GBM patients. Extensive activity is also underway to repurpose and reposition therapeutics for GBM, either alone or in combination with the standard of care. In this review, we present select molecules that target different pathways and are at various stages of clinical translation as case studies to illustrate the rationale for their repurposing-repositioning and potential clinical use.

Published
2021
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25. miR-21, miR-155, miR-192, and miR-375 Deregulations Related to NF-kappaB Activation in Gastroduodenal Fluid–Induced Early Preneoplastic Lesions of Laryngeal Mucosa In Vivo

Author

Clarence T. Sasaki and Dimitra P. Vageli

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Gastroduodenal refluxate found in the upper aerodigestive tract is not clinically uncommon. We recently demonstrated the neoplastic potential of gastroduodenal fluids (GDF) on hypopharyngeal mucosa, via NF-κB, using in vitro and in vivo models. Here we will explore the in vivo effect of GDF on laryngeal mucosa (LM) to induce early preneoplastic lesions related to NF-κB activation, along with deregulation of specific microRNA (miRNA) markers previously linked to laryngeal cancer. We used histological, immunohistochemical, automated quantitative analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to examine LM from 35 C57Bl/6J mice previously treated with topical GDF against corresponding controls (4 experimental and 3 control groups; 5 mice/group). Our analysis showed that GDF produced early preneoplastic lesions in treated LM related to NF-κB activation. LM treated by acid and bile combination demonstrated significantly higher expression of the analyzed cell proliferation markers (Ki67, CK14, ∆Np63), oncogenic p-STAT3, and changes of cell adhesion molecules (E-cadherin, ϐ-catenin) versus untreated LM or LM exposed to acid alone (P < .0005). Furthermore, acidic bile but not neutral bile appeared to accelerate the expression of “oncomirs” miR-21, miR-155, and miR-192 (acidic bile versus neutral bile, P < .0001), while reducing tumor suppressor miR-375 (acidic bile versus neutral bile, P = .0137), previously linked to NF-κB and laryngeal cancer. Finally, acidic bile induced reduction of miR-34a, miR-375, and miR-451a, exhibiting an inverse correlation with NF-κB activation. SIGNIFICANCE: Bile in combination with acid has a selective tumorigenic effect on LM, inducing deregulation of “oncomirs” and tumor suppressor miRNAs, produced by NF-κB activation with molecular and early histopathological alterations linked to neoplastic transformation. Systematic acid suppression may in part convey a protective role.

Published
2016
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26. Low putamen activity associated with poor reward sensitivity in childhood chronic fatigue syndrome

Author

Kei Mizuno, Ph.D., Junko Kawatani, Kanako Tajima, Akihiro T. Sasaki, Tetsuya Yoneda, Masanori Komi, Toshinori Hirai, Akemi Tomoda, Takako Joudoi, and Yasuyoshi Watanabe

Subjects
Childhood chronic fatigue syndrome, Dopamine, fMRI, Motivation, Putamen, Reward sensitivity, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Motivational signals influence a wide variety of cognitive processes and components of behavioral performance. Cognitive dysfunction in patients with childhood chronic fatigue syndrome (CCFS) may be closely associated with a low motivation to learn induced by impaired neural reward processing. However, the extent to which reward processing is impaired in CCFS patients is unclear. The aim of the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to determine whether brain activity in regions related to reward sensitivity is impaired in CCFS patients. fMRI data were collected from 13 CCFS patients (mean age, 13.6 ± 1.0 years) and 13 healthy children and adolescents (HCA) (mean age, 13.7 ± 1.3 years) performing a monetary reward task. Neural activity in high- and low-monetary-reward conditions was compared between CCFS and HCA groups. Severity of fatigue and the reward obtained from learning in daily life were evaluated by questionnaires. Activity of the putamen was lower in the CCFS group than in the HCA group in the low-reward condition, but not in the high-reward condition. Activity of the putamen in the low-reward condition in CCFS patients was negatively and positively correlated with severity of fatigue and the reward from learning in daily life, respectively. We previously revealed that motivation to learn was correlated with striatal activity, particularly the neural activity in the putamen. This suggests that in CCFS patients low putamen activity, associated with altered dopaminergic function, decreases reward sensitivity and lowers motivation to learn.

Published
2016
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27. Anisotropic magnetic excitations from single-chirality antiferromagnetic state in Ca-kapellasite

Author

Y. Ihara, H. Yoshida, K. Arashima, M. Hirata, and T. Sasaki

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We present a ^{35}Cl NMR study for the spin S=1/2 perfect kagome antiferromagnet Ca-kapellasite [CaCu_{3}(OH)_{6}Cl_{2}·0.6H_{2}O] with a magnetic transition at T^{*}=7.2K. The static magnetic structure in the ground state has been determined to be a chirality-ordered Q=0 state, which is selected by a finite Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. The low-energy magnetic excitations in the ordered state are investigated by a nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate measurement. We detect a weakly temperature-dependent contribution in the magnetic fluctuations perpendicular to the kagome plane in addition to the dispersive spin-wave contribution in the kagome plane. The low-energy magnetic excitations from the coplanar spin structure are attributed to the zero mode originating from the flat band in this kagome antiferromagnet.

Published
2020
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28. The Effect of NNK, A Tobacco Smoke Carcinogen, on the miRNA and Mismatch DNA Repair Expression Profiles in Lung and Head and Neck Squamous Cancer Cells

Author

Sotirios G. Doukas, Dimitra P. Vageli, George Lazopoulos, Demetrios A. Spandidos, Clarence T. Sasaki, and Aristidis Tsatsakis

Subjects
tobacco smoke, NNK, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, Mismatch DNA repair, MSH2, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract

Tobacco smoking is a common risk factor for lung cancer and head and neck cancer. Molecular changes such as deregulation of miRNA expression have been linked to tobacco smoking in both types of cancer. Dysfunction of the Mismatch DNA repair (MMR) mechanism has also been associated with a poor prognosis of these cancers, while a cross-talk between specific miRNAs and MMR genes has been previously proposed. We hypothesized that exposure of lung and head and neck squamous cancer cells (NCI and FaDu, respectively) to tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is capable of altering the expression of MSH2 and MLH1, key MMR components, by promoting specific miRNA deregulation. We found that either a low (1 μM) or high (2 μM) dose of NNK induced significant upregulation of “oncomirs” miR-21 and miR-155 and downregulation of “tumor suppressor” miR-422a, as well as the reduction of MMR protein and mRNA expression, in NCI and FaDu, compared to controls. Inhibition of miR-21 restored the NNK-induced reduced MSH2 phenotype in both NCI and FaDu, indicating that miR-21 might contribute to MSH2 regulation. Finally, NNK exposure increased NCI and FaDu survival, promoting cancer cell progression. We provide novel findings that deregulated miR-21, miR-155, and miR-422a and MMR gene expression patterns may be valuable biomarkers for lung and head and neck squamous cell cancer progression in smokers.

Published
2020
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29. Coercivity enhancement of Nd-Fe-B hot-deformed magnets by the eutectic grain boundary diffusion process using Nd-Ga-Cu and Nd-Fe-Ga-Cu alloys

Author

Lihua Liu, H. Sepehri-Amin, T. T. Sasaki, T. Ohkubo, M. Yano, N. Sakuma, A. Kato, T. Shoji, and K. Hono

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Nd80Ga15Cu5 and Nd62Fe14Ga20Cu4 alloys were used as diffusion sources for the eutectic grain boundary diffusion process, applying to 4 mm-thick Nd-Fe-B hot-deformed magnets. Both samples showed nearly same coercivity of 2.2 T, while the sample processed with Nd62Fe14Ga20Cu4 showed smaller remanence deterioration from 1.50 T to 1.30 T, in contrast to that of the sample processed with Nd80Ga15Cu5 to 1.08 T. Mr/Ms of the initial sample and the samples processed with Nd62Fe14Ga20Cu4 and Nd80Ga15Cu5 were 0.946, 0.934 and 0.917, respectively, suggesting that the sample processed with Nd62Fe14Ga20Cu4 retains stronger c-axis texture after the diffusion process. Nd-rich phases with Ia3¯ and fcc structures were observed in the sample processed with Nd80Ga15Cu5, while the Nd-rich phases with the Ia3¯ and hcp structures were found in the sample processed with Nd62Fe14Ga20Cu4, all of which are the phases commonly observed in Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets.

Published
2018
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30. EXAMINATION ABOUT INFLUENCE FOR PRECISION OF 3D IMAGE MEASUREMENT FROM THE GROUND CONTROL POINT MEASUREMENT AND SURFACE MATCHING

Author

T. Anai, N. Kochi, M. Yamada, T. Sasaki, H. Otani, D. Sasaki, S. Nishimura, K. Kimoto, and N. Yasui

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

As the 3D image measurement software is now widely used with the recent development of computer-vision technology, the 3D measurement from the image is now has acquired the application field from desktop objects as wide as the topography survey in large geographical areas. Especially, the orientation, which used to be a complicated process in the heretofore image measurement, can be now performed automatically by simply taking many pictures around the object. And in the case of fully textured object, the 3D measurement of surface features is now done all automatically from the orientated images, and greatly facilitated the acquisition of the dense 3D point cloud from images with high precision. With all this development in the background, in the case of small and the middle size objects, we are now furnishing the all-around 3D measurement by a single digital camera sold on the market. And we have also developed the technology of the topographical measurement with the air-borne images taken by a small UAV [1~5]. In this present study, in the case of the small size objects, we examine the accuracy of surface measurement (Matching) by the data of the experiments. And as to the topographic measurement, we examine the influence of GCP distribution on the accuracy by the data of the experiments. Besides, we examined the difference of the analytical results in each of the 3D image measurement software. This document reviews the processing flow of orientation and the 3D measurement of each software and explains the feature of the each software. And as to the verification of the precision of stereo-matching, we measured the test plane and the test sphere of the known form and assessed the result. As to the topography measurement, we used the air-borne image data photographed at the test field in Yadorigi of Matsuda City, Kanagawa Prefecture JAPAN. We have constructed Ground Control Point which measured by RTK-GPS and Total Station. And we show the results of analysis made in each of the 3D image measurement software. Further, we deepen the study on the influence of the distribution of GCP on the precision.

Published
2015
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31. Asymmetrically and Vertically Coupled Hybrid Si/GaN Microring Resonators for On-Chip Optical Interconnects

Author

B. Thubthimthong, T. Sasaki, and K. Hane

Subjects
Optical microring resonators, hybrid Si nanophotonics, gallium nitride, waveguides, optical cavities, III-V semiconductor materials, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820, Optics. Light, QC350-467
Abstract

A working small-footprint asymmetrically and vertically coupled hybrid Si/GaN microring resonator (HMR) was demonstrated. The HMR of a minimum radius of 20 μm was fabricated in a high-yield (~90%) hybrid nanophotonic platform that allowed interactions between the GaN microring and the underlying Si waveguide circuit. The HMR's spectral response across the telecommunication C- and L-bands was measured. The high extinction ratio of up to 17 dB, the resonance linewidth as narrow as 40 pm, and the intrinsic quality factor of up to 70 000, which was the highest value for GaN microring reported so far, were achieved. The explicit analytical model for the high-index-contrast HMR was developed. Our basic study opened new possibilities for exploring GaN-Si nonlinear phenomena and for developing complex on-chip optical interconnects.

Published
2015
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32. Aerial photogrammetry procedure optimized for micro uav

Author

T. Anai, T. Sasaki, H. Otani, K. Osaragi, and N. Kochi

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

This paper proposes the automatic aerial photogrammetry procedure optimized for Micro UAV that has ability of autonomous flight. The most important goal of our proposed method is the reducing the processing cost for fully automatic reconstruction of DSM from a large amount of image obtained from Micro UAV. For this goal, we have developed automatic corresponding point generation procedure using feature point tracking algorithm considering position and attitude information, which obtained from onboard GPS-IMU integrated on Micro UAV. In addition, we have developed the automatic exterior orientation and registration procedure from the automatic generated corresponding points on each image and position and attitude information from Micro UAV. Moreover, in order to reconstruct precise DSM, we have developed the area base matching process which considering edge information. In this paper, we describe processing flow of our automatic aerial photogrammetry. Moreover, the accuracy assessment is also described. Furthermore, some application of automatic reconstruction of DSM will be desired.

Published
2014
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33. Robust surface matching by integrating edge segments

Author

N. Kochi, T. Sasaki, K. Kitamura, and S. Kaneko

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

This paper describes a novel area-based stereo-matching method which aims at reconstructing the shape of objects robustly, correctly, with high precision and with high density. Our goal is to reconstruct correctly the shape of the object by comprising also edges as part of the resulting surface. For this purpose, we need to overcome the problem of how to reconstruct and describe shapes with steep and sharp edges. Area-based matching methods set an image area as a template and search the corresponding match. As a direct consequence of this approach, it becomes not possible to correctly reconstruct the shape around steep edges. Moreover, in the same regions, discontinuities and discrepancies of the shape between the left and right stereo-images increase the difficulties for the matching process. In order to overcome these problems, we propose in this paper the approach of reconstructing the shape of objects by embedding reliable edge line segments into the area-based matching process with parallax estimation. We propose a robust stereo-matching (the extended Edge TIN-LSM) method which integrates edges and which is able to cope with differences in right and left image shape, brightness changes and occlusions. The method consists of the following three steps: (1) parallax estimation, (2) edge-matching, (3) edge-surface matching. In this paper, we describe and explain in detail the process of parallax estimation and the area-based surface-matching with integrated edges; the performance of the proposed method is also validated. The main advantage of this new method is its ability to reconstruct with high precision a 3D model of an object from only two images (for ex. measurement of a tire with 0.14 mm accuracy), thus without the need of a large number of images. For this reason, this approach is intrinsically simple and high-speed.

Published
2014
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35. The In Vitro Effect of Acidic-Pepsin on Nuclear Factor KappaB Activation and Its Related Oncogenic Effect on Normal Human Hypopharyngeal Cells.

Author

Clarence T Sasaki, Julia Toman, and Dimitra Vageli

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Extra-esophageal carcinogenesis has been widely discussed in relation to the chronic effects of laryngopharyngeal reflux and most prominently with pepsin historically central to this discussion. With refluxate known to include gastric (pepsin) and duodenal (bile) fluids, we recently demonstrated the mechanistic role of NF-κB in mediating the preneoplastic effects of acidic-bile. However, the role of pepsin in promoting hypopharyngeal premalignant events remains historically unclear. Here, we investigate the in vitro effect of acidic-pepsin on the NF-κB oncogenic pathway to better define its potential role in hypopharyngeal neoplasia.Human hypopharyngeal primary cells (HHPC) and keratinocytes (HHK) were repetitively exposed to physiologic pepsin concentrations (0.1 mg/ml) at pH 4.0, 5.0 and 7.0. Cellular localization of phospho-NF-κB and bcl-2 was determined using immunofluorescence and western blotting. NF-κB transcriptional activity was tested by luc reporter and qPCR. Analysis of DNA content of pepsin treated HHK and HHPC was performed using Fluorescence-activated-cell sorting assay. To explore a possible dose related effect, pepsin concentration was reduced from 0.1 to 0.05 and 0.01 mg/ml.At physiologic concentration, acidic-pepsin (0.1 mg/ml at pH 4.0) is lethal to most normal hypopharyngeal cells. However, in surviving cells, no NF-κB transcriptional activity is noted. Acidic-pepsin fails to activate the NF-κB or bcl-2, TNF-α, EGFR, STAT3, and wnt5α but increases the Tp53 mRNAs, in both HHPC and HHK. Weakly acidic-pepsin (pH 5.0) and neutral-pepsin (pH 7.0) induce mild activation of NF-κB with increase in TNF-α mRNAs, without oncogenic transcriptional activity. Lower concentrations of pepsin at varying pH do not produce NF-κB activity or transcriptional activation of the analyzed genes.Our findings in vitro do not support the role of acidic-pepsin in NF-κB related hypopharyngeal carcinogenesis.

Published
2016
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36. The brain mechanisms underlying the perception of pungent taste of capsaicin and the subsequent autonomic responses.

Author

Shinpei eKawakami, Hajime eSato, Akihiro T Sasaki, Hiroki C Tanabe, Yumiko eYoshida, Mitsuru eSaito, Hiroki eToyoda, Norihiro eSadato, and Youngnam eKang

Subjects
Capsaicin, fMRI, Autonomic Function, insular cortex, taste recognition, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

In a human fMRI study, it has been demonstrated that tasting and ingesting capsaicin activate the ventral part of the middle and posterior short gyri (M/PSG) of the insula which is known as the primary gustatory area, suggesting that capsaicin is recognized as a taste. Tasting and digesting spicy foods containing capsaicin induce various physiological responses such as perspiration from face, salivation and facilitation of cardiovascular activity, which are thought to be caused through viscero-visceral autonomic reflexes. However, this does not necessarily exclude the possibility of the involvement of higher-order sensory-motor integration between the M/PSG and anterior short gyrus (ASG) known as the autonomic region of the insula. To reveal a possible functional coordination between the M/PSG and ASG, we here addressed whether capsaicin increases neural activity in the ASG as well as the M/PSG using fMRI and a custom-made taste delivery system. Twenty subjects participated in this study, and three tastant solutions: capsaicin, NaCl and artificial saliva (AS) were used. Group analyses with the regions activated by capsaicin revealed significant activations in the bilateral ASG and M/PSG. The fMRI blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals in response to capsaicin stimulation were significantly higher in ASG than in M/PSG regardless of the side. Concomitantly, capsaicin increased the fingertip temperature significantly. Although there was no significant correlation between the fingertip temperatures and BOLD signals in the ASG or M/PSG when the contrast [Capsaicin–AS] or [Capsaicin–NaCl] was computed, a significant correlation was found in the bilateral ASG when the contrast [2×Capsaicin–NaCl–AS] was computed. In contrast, there was a significant correlation in the hypothalamus regardless of the contrasts. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between M/PSG and ASG. These results indicate that capsaicin increases neural activity in the ASG as well as the M/PSG, suggesting that the neural coordination between the two cortical areas may be involved in autonomic responses to tasting spicy foods as reflected in fingertip temperature increases.

Published
2016
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37. AUTOMATIC EXTERIOR ORIENTATION PROCEDURE FOR LOW-COST UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY USING VIDEO IMAGE TRACKING TECHNIQUE AND GPS INFORMATION

Author

T. Anai, T. Sasaki, K. Osaragi, M. Yamada, F. Otomo, and H. Otani

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

In this paper, we propose the automatic exterior orientation procedure for the Low-cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry. The Low-cost UAV has become useful tool for low altitude photogrammetry from the rapidly increasing of automatic control technique in past several years. However, automatic exterior orientation is still important issue. The most important point of automatic exterior orientation is the automatic detection of corresponding points in each still image. For this goal, the authors have developed the automatic corresponding point detection technique using both video Image and still images. The video image of this investigation is obtained with still images simultaneously. Therefore, the tracking result of video image gives robust correspondence information between each still image. Moreover, the exterior orientation procedure using GPS information from UAV and minimum ground control points have been investigated. This paper is structured as follows. At the first we describe the over view of automatic exterior orientation procedure in this investigation. As the next, the details of tracking of common feature points and robust bundle adjustment are described. Also, accuracy assessment of this automatic exterior orientation procedure is described. Finally some conclusion is given.

Published
2012
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38. 3D MODELING OF ARCHITECTURE BY EDGE-MATCHING AND INTEGRATING THE POINT CLOUDS OF LASER SCANNER AND THOSE OF DIGITAL CAMERA

Author

N. Kochi, K. Kitamura, T. Sasaki, and S. Kaneko

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

We have been developing the stereo-matching method and its system by digital photogrammetry using a digital camera to make 3D Measurement of various objects. We are also developing the technology to process 3D point clouds of enormous amount obtained through Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). But this time, we have developed the technology to produce a Surface-Model by detecting the 3D edges on the stereo-images of digital camera. Then we arrived to register the 3D data obtained from the stereo-images and the 3D edge data detected on the 3D point-cloud of TLS, and thus succeeded to develop the new technology to fuse the 3D data of Camera and TLS. The basic idea is to take stereo-pictures by a digital camera around the areas where the scanner cannot, because of the occlusion. The camera, with the digital photogrammetry, can acquire the data of complicated and hidden areas instantly, thus shutting out the possibility of noises in a blink. The data of the camera are then integrated into the data of the scanner to produce automatically the model of great perfection. In this presentation, therefore, we will show (1) how to detect the 3D edges on the photo images and to detect from the scanner's point-cloud, (2) how to register the data of both 3D edges to produce the unified model, (3) how to assess the accuracy and the speed of analysing process, which turned out to be quite satisfactory.

Published
2012
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39. Search for a heavy neutral particle decaying into an electron and a muon using 1 fb−1 of ATLAS data

Author

The ATLAS Collaboration, G. Aad, B. Abbott, J. Abdallah, A. A. Abdelalim, A. Abdesselam, O. Abdinov, B. Abi, M. Abolins, H. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, E. Acerbi, B. S. Acharya, D. L. Adams, T. N. Addy, J. Adelman, M. Aderholz, S. Adomeit, P. Adragna, T. Adye, S. Aefsky, J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, M. Aharrouche, S. P. Ahlen, F. Ahles, A. Ahmad, M. Ahsan, G. Aielli, T. Akdogan, T. P. A. Åkesson, G. Akimoto, A. V. Akimov, A. Akiyama, M. S. Alam, M. A. Alam, J. Albert, S. Albrand, M. Aleksa, I. N. Aleksandrov, F. Alessandria, C. Alexa, G. Alexander, G. Alexandre, T. Alexopoulos, M. Alhroob, M. Aliev, G. Alimonti, J. Alison, M. Aliyev, P. P. Allport, S. E. Allwood-Spiers, J. Almond, A. Aloisio, R. Alon, A. Alonso, M. G. Alviggi, K. Amako, P. Amaral, C. Amelung, V. V. Ammosov, A. Amorim, G. Amorós, N. Amram, C. Anastopoulos, L. S. Ancu, N. Andari, T. Andeen, C. F. Anders, G. Anders, K. J. Anderson, A. Andreazza, V. Andrei, M-L. Andrieux, X. S. Anduaga, A. Angerami, F. Anghinolfi, N. Anjos, A. Annovi, A. Antonaki, M. Antonelli, A. Antonov, J. Antos, F. Anulli, S. Aoun, L. Aperio Bella, R. Apolle, G. Arabidze, I. Aracena, Y. Arai, A. T. H. Arce, J. P. Archambault, S. Arfaoui, J-F. Arguin, E. Arik, M. Arik, A. J. Armbruster, O. Arnaez, C. Arnault, A. Artamonov, G. Artoni, D. Arutinov, S. Asai, R. Asfandiyarov, S. Ask, B. Åsman, L. Asquith, K. Assamagan, A. Astbury, A. Astvatsatourov, G. Atoian, B. Aubert, E. Auge, K. Augsten, M. Aurousseau, N. Austin, G. Avolio, R. Avramidou, D. Axen, C. Ay, G. Azuelos, Y. Azuma, M. A. Baak, G. Baccaglioni, C. Bacci, A. M. Bach, H. Bachacou, K. Bachas, G. Bachy, M. Backes, M. Backhaus, E. Badescu, P. Bagnaia, S. Bahinipati, Y. Bai, D. C. Bailey, T. Bain, J. T. Baines, O. K. Baker, M. D. Baker, S. Baker, E. Banas, P. Banerjee, Sw. Banerjee, D. Banfi, A. Bangert, V. Bansal, H. S. Bansil, L. Barak, S. P. Baranov, A. Barashkou, A. Barbaro Galtieri, T. Barber, E. L. Barberio, D. Barberis, M. Barbero, D. Y. Bardin, T. Barillari, M. Barisonzi, T. Barklow, N. Barlow, B. M. Barnett, R. M. Barnett, A. Baroncelli, G. Barone, A. J. Barr, F. Barreiro, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, P. Barrillon, R. Bartoldus, A. E. Barton, D. Bartsch, V. Bartsch, R. L. Bates, L. Batkova, J. R. Batley, A. Battaglia, M. Battistin, G. Battistoni, F. Bauer, H. S. Bawa, B. Beare, T. Beau, P. H. Beauchemin, R. Beccherle, P. Bechtle, H. P. Beck, M. Beckingham, K. H. Becks, A. J. Beddall, A. Beddall, S. Bedikian, V. A. Bednyakov, C. P. Bee, M. Begel, S. Behar Harpaz, P. K. Behera, M. Beimforde, C. Belanger-Champagne, P. J. Bell, W. H. Bell, G. Bella, L. Bellagamba, F. Bellina, M. Bellomo, A. Belloni, O. Beloborodova, K. Belotskiy, O. Beltramello, S. Ben Ami, O. Benary, D. Benchekroun, C. Benchouk, M. Bendel, N. Benekos, Y. Benhammou, D. P. Benjamin, M. Benoit, J. R. Bensinger, K. Benslama, S. Bentvelsen, D. Berge, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann, N. Berger, F. Berghaus, E. Berglund, J. Beringer, K. Bernardet, P. Bernat, R. Bernhard, C. Bernius, T. Berry, A. Bertin, F. Bertinelli, F. Bertolucci, M. I. Besana, N. Besson, S. Bethke, W. Bhimji, R. M. Bianchi, M. Bianco, O. Biebel, S. P. Bieniek, K. Bierwagen, J. Biesiada, M. Biglietti, H. Bilokon, M. Bindi, S. Binet, A. Bingul, C. Bini, C. Biscarat, U. Bitenc, K. M. Black, R. E. Blair, J.-B. Blanchard, G. Blanchot, T. Blazek, C. Blocker, J. Blocki, A. Blondel, W. Blum, U. Blumenschein, G. J. Bobbink, V. B. Bobrovnikov, S. S. Bocchetta, A. Bocci, C. R. Boddy, M. Boehler, J. Boek, N. Boelaert, S. Böser, J. A. Bogaerts, A. Bogdanchikov, A. Bogouch, C. Bohm, V. Boisvert, T. Bold, V. Boldea, N. M. Bolnet, M. Bona, V. G. Bondarenko, M. Bondioli, M. Boonekamp, G. Boorman, C. N. Booth, S. Bordoni, C. Borer, A. Borisov, G. Borissov, I. Borjanovic, S. Borroni, K. Bos, D. Boscherini, M. Bosman, H. Boterenbrood, D. Botterill, J. Bouchami, J. Boudreau, E. V. Bouhova-Thacker, C. Bourdarios, N. Bousson, A. Boveia, J. Boyd, I. R. Boyko, N. I. Bozhko, I. Bozovic-Jelisavcic, J. Bracinik, A. Braem, P. Branchini, G. W. Brandenburg, A. Brandt, G. Brandt, O. Brandt, U. Bratzler, B. Brau, J. E. Brau, H. M. Braun, B. Brelier, J. Bremer, R. Brenner, S. Bressler, D. Breton, D. Britton, F. M. Brochu, I. Brock, R. Brock, T. J. Brodbeck, E. Brodet, F. Broggi, C. Bromberg, G. Brooijmans, W. K. Brooks, G. Brown, H. Brown, P. A. Bruckman de Renstrom, D. Bruncko, R. Bruneliere, S. Brunet, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, M. Bruschi, T. Buanes, F. Bucci, J. Buchanan, N. J. Buchanan, P. Buchholz, R. M. Buckingham, A. G. Buckley, S. I. Buda, I. A. Budagov, B. Budick, V. Büscher, L. Bugge, D. Buira-Clark, O. Bulekov, M. Bunse, T. Buran, H. Burckhart, S. Burdin, T. Burgess, S. Burke, E. Busato, P. Bussey, C. P. Buszello, F. Butin, B. Butler, J. M. Butler, C. M. Buttar, J. M. Butterworth, W. Buttinger, T. Byatt, S. Cabrera Urbán, D. Caforio, O. Cakir, P. Calafiura, G. Calderini, P. Calfayan, R. Calkins, L. P. Caloba, R. Caloi, D. Calvet, S. Calvet, R. Camacho Toro, P. Camarri, M. Cambiaghi, D. Cameron, S. Campana, M. Campanelli, V. Canale, F. Canelli, A. Canepa, J. Cantero, L. Capasso, M. D. M. Capeans Garrido, I. Caprini, M. Caprini, D. Capriotti, M. Capua, R. Caputo, R. Cardarelli, T. Carli, G. Carlino, L. Carminati, B. Caron, S. Caron, G. D. Carrillo Montoya, A. A. Carter, J. R. Carter, J. Carvalho, D. Casadei, M. P. Casado, M. Cascella, C. Caso, A. M. Castaneda Hernandez, E. Castaneda-Miranda, V. Castillo Gimenez, N. F. Castro, G. Cataldi, F. Cataneo, A. Catinaccio, J. R. Catmore, A. Cattai, G. Cattani, S. Caughron, D. Cauz, P. Cavalleri, D. Cavalli, M. Cavalli-Sforza, V. Cavasinni, F. Ceradini, A. S. Cerqueira, A. Cerri, L. Cerrito, F. Cerutti, S. A. Cetin, F. Cevenini, A. Chafaq, D. Chakraborty, K. Chan, B. Chapleau, J. D. Chapman, J. W. Chapman, E. Chareyre, D. G. Charlton, V. Chavda, C. A. Chavez Barajas, S. Cheatham, S. Chekanov, S. V. Chekulaev, G. A. Chelkov, M. A. Chelstowska, C. Chen, H. Chen, S. Chen, T. Chen, X. Chen, S. Cheng, A. Cheplakov, V. F. Chepurnov, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, V. Chernyatin, E. Cheu, S. L. Cheung, L. Chevalier, G. Chiefari, L. Chikovani, J. T. Childers, A. Chilingarov, G. Chiodini, M. V. Chizhov, G. Choudalakis, S. Chouridou, I. A. Christidi, A. Christov, D. Chromek-Burckhart, M. L. Chu, J. Chudoba, G. Ciapetti, K. Ciba, A. K. Ciftci, R. Ciftci, D. Cinca, V. Cindro, M. D. Ciobotaru, C. Ciocca, A. Ciocio, M. Cirilli, M. Ciubancan, A. Clark, P. J. Clark, W. Cleland, J. C. Clemens, B. Clement, C. Clement, R. W. Clifft, Y. Coadou, M. Cobal, A. Coccaro, J. Cochran, P. Coe, J. G. Cogan, J. Coggeshall, E. Cogneras, C. D. Cojocaru, J. Colas, A. P. Colijn, C. Collard, N. J. Collins, C. Collins-Tooth, J. Collot, G. Colon, P. Conde Muiño, E. Coniavitis, M. C. Conidi, M. Consonni, V. Consorti, S. Constantinescu, C. Conta, F. Conventi, J. Cook, M. Cooke, B. D. Cooper, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, N. J. Cooper-Smith, K. Copic, T. Cornelissen, M. Corradi, F. Corriveau, A. Cortes-Gonzalez, G. Cortiana, G. Costa, M. J. Costa, D. Costanzo, T. Costin, D. Côté, L. Courneyea, G. Cowan, C. Cowden, B. E. Cox, K. Cranmer, F. Crescioli, M. Cristinziani, G. Crosetti, R. Crupi, S. Crépé-Renaudin, C.-M. Cuciuc, C. Cuenca Almenar, T. Cuhadar Donszelmann, M. Curatolo, C. J. Curtis, P. Cwetanski, H. Czirr, Z. Czyczula, S. D’Auria, M. D’Onofrio, A. D’Orazio, P. V. M. Da Silva, C. Da Via, W. Dabrowski, T. Dai, C. Dallapiccola, M. Dam, M. Dameri, D. S. Damiani, H. O. Danielsson, D. Dannheim, V. Dao, G. Darbo, G. L. Darlea, C. Daum, J. P. Dauvergne, W. Davey, T. Davidek, N. Davidson, R. Davidson, E. Davies, M. Davies, A. R. Davison, Y. Davygora, E. Dawe, I. Dawson, J. W. Dawson, R. K. Daya, K. De, R. de Asmundis, S. De Castro, P. E. De Castro Faria Salgado, S. De Cecco, J. de Graat, N. De Groot, P. de Jong, C. De La Taille, H. De la Torre, B. De Lotto, L. De Mora, L. De Nooij, D. De Pedis, A. De Salvo, U. De Sanctis, A. De Santo, J. B. De Vivie De Regie, S. Dean, R. Debbe, D. V. Dedovich, J. Degenhardt, M. Dehchar, C. Del Papa, J. Del Peso, T. Del Prete, M. Deliyergiyev, A. Dell’Acqua, L. Dell’Asta, M. Della Pietra, D. della Volpe, M. Delmastro, P. Delpierre, N. Delruelle, P. A. Delsart, C. Deluca, S. Demers, M. Demichev, B. Demirkoz, J. Deng, S. P. Denisov, D. Derendarz, J. E. Derkaoui, F. Derue, P. Dervan, K. Desch, E. Devetak, P. O. Deviveiros, A. Dewhurst, B. DeWilde, S. Dhaliwal, R. Dhullipudi, A. Di Ciaccio, L. Di Ciaccio, A. Di Girolamo, B. Di Girolamo, S. Di Luise, A. Di Mattia, B. Di Micco, R. Di Nardo, A. Di Simone, R. Di Sipio, M. A. Diaz, F. Diblen, E. B. Diehl, J. Dietrich, T. A. Dietzsch, S. Diglio, K. Dindar Yagci, J. Dingfelder, C. Dionisi, P. Dita, S. Dita, F. Dittus, F. Djama, T. Djobava, M. A. B. do Vale, A. Do Valle Wemans, T. K. O. Doan, M. Dobbs, R. Dobinson, D. Dobos, E. Dobson, M. Dobson, J. Dodd, C. Doglioni, T. Doherty, Y. Doi, J. Dolejsi, I. Dolenc, Z. Dolezal, B. A. Dolgoshein, T. Dohmae, M. Donadelli, M. Donega, J. Donini, J. Dopke, A. Doria, A. Dos Anjos, M. Dosil, A. Dotti, M. T. 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Zoccoli, Y. Zolnierowski, A. Zsenei, M. zur Nedden, V. Zutshi, and L. Zwalinski

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract A search is presented for a high mass neutral particle that decays directly to the e ± μ ∓ final state. The data sample was recorded by the ATLAS detector in $\sqrt{s}=7\mbox{~TeV}$ pp collisions at the LHC from March to June 2011 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.07 fb−1. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model background. The high e ± μ ∓ mass region is used to set 95% confidence level upper limits on the production of two possible new physics processes: tau sneutrinos in an R-parity violating supersymmetric model and Z′-like vector bosons in a lepton flavor violating model.

Published
2011
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40. Search for massive colored scalars in four-jet final states in $\sqrt{s}=7~\mbox{TeV}$ proton–proton collisions with the ATLAS detector

Author

The ATLAS Collaboration, G. Aad, B. Abbott, J. Abdallah, A. A. Abdelalim, A. Abdesselam, O. Abdinov, B. Abi, M. Abolins, H. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, E. Acerbi, B. S. Acharya, D. L. Adams, T. N. Addy, J. Adelman, M. Aderholz, S. Adomeit, P. Adragna, T. Adye, S. Aefsky, J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, M. Aharrouche, S. P. Ahlen, F. Ahles, A. Ahmad, M. Ahsan, G. Aielli, T. Akdogan, T. P. A. Åkesson, G. Akimoto, A. V. Akimov, A. Akiyama, M. S. Alam, M. A. Alam, J. Albert, S. Albrand, M. Aleksa, I. N. Aleksandrov, F. Alessandria, C. Alexa, G. Alexander, G. Alexandre, T. Alexopoulos, M. Alhroob, M. Aliev, G. Alimonti, J. Alison, M. Aliyev, P. P. Allport, S. E. Allwood-Spiers, J. Almond, A. Aloisio, R. Alon, A. Alonso, M. G. Alviggi, K. Amako, P. Amaral, C. Amelung, V. V. Ammosov, A. Amorim, G. Amorós, N. Amram, C. Anastopoulos, L. S. Ancu, N. Andari, T. Andeen, C. F. Anders, G. Anders, K. J. Anderson, A. Andreazza, V. Andrei, M-L. Andrieux, X. S. Anduaga, A. Angerami, F. Anghinolfi, N. Anjos, A. Annovi, A. Antonaki, M. Antonelli, A. Antonov, J. Antos, F. Anulli, S. Aoun, L. Aperio Bella, R. Apolle, G. Arabidze, I. Aracena, Y. Arai, A. T. H. Arce, J. P. Archambault, S. Arfaoui, J-F. Arguin, E. Arik, M. Arik, A. J. Armbruster, O. Arnaez, C. Arnault, A. Artamonov, G. Artoni, D. Arutinov, S. Asai, R. Asfandiyarov, S. Ask, B. Åsman, L. Asquith, K. Assamagan, A. Astbury, A. Astvatsatourov, G. Atoian, B. Aubert, E. Auge, K. Augsten, M. Aurousseau, N. Austin, G. Avolio, R. Avramidou, D. Axen, C. Ay, G. Azuelos, Y. Azuma, M. A. Baak, G. Baccaglioni, C. Bacci, A. M. Bach, H. Bachacou, K. Bachas, G. Bachy, M. Backes, M. Backhaus, E. Badescu, P. Bagnaia, S. Bahinipati, Y. Bai, D. C. Bailey, T. Bain, J. T. Baines, O. K. Baker, M. D. Baker, S. Baker, E. Banas, P. Banerjee, Sw. Banerjee, D. Banfi, A. Bangert, V. Bansal, H. S. Bansil, L. Barak, S. P. Baranov, A. Barashkou, A. Barbaro Galtieri, T. Barber, E. L. Barberio, D. Barberis, M. Barbero, D. Y. Bardin, T. Barillari, M. Barisonzi, T. 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Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract A search for pair-produced scalar particles decaying to a four-jet final state is presented. The analysis is performed using an integrated luminosity of 34 pb−1 recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2010. No deviation from the Standard Model is observed. For a scalar mass of 100 GeV (190 GeV) the limit on the scalar gluon pair production cross section at 95% confidence level is 1 nb (0.28 nb). When these results are interpreted as mass limits, scalar-gluons (hyperpions) with masses of 100 to 185 GeV (100 to 155 GeV) are excluded at 95% confidence level with the exception of a mass window of width about 5 GeV (15 GeV) around 140 GeV.

Published
2011
Full Text
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41. Measurement of the jet fragmentation function and transverse profile in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Author

The ATLAS Collaboration, G. Aad, B. Abbott, J. Abdallah, A. A. Abdelalim, A. Abdesselam, O. Abdinov, B. Abi, M. Abolins, H. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, E. Acerbi, B. S. Acharya, D. L. Adams, T. N. Addy, J. Adelman, M. Aderholz, S. Adomeit, P. Adragna, T. Adye, S. Aefsky, J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, M. Aharrouche, S. P. Ahlen, F. Ahles, A. Ahmad, M. Ahsan, G. Aielli, T. Akdogan, T. P. A. Åkesson, G. Akimoto, A. V. Akimov, A. Akiyama, M. S. Alam, M. A. Alam, J. Albert, S. Albrand, M. Aleksa, I. N. Aleksandrov, F. Alessandria, C. Alexa, G. Alexander, G. Alexandre, T. Alexopoulos, M. Alhroob, M. Aliev, G. Alimonti, J. Alison, M. Aliyev, P. P. Allport, S. E. Allwood-Spiers, J. Almond, A. Aloisio, R. Alon, A. Alonso, M. G. Alviggi, K. Amako, P. Amaral, C. Amelung, V. V. Ammosov, A. Amorim, G. Amorós, N. Amram, C. Anastopoulos, L. S. Ancu, N. Andari, T. Andeen, C. F. Anders, G. Anders, K. J. Anderson, A. Andreazza, V. Andrei, M-L. Andrieux, X. S. Anduaga, A. Angerami, F. Anghinolfi, N. Anjos, A. 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Zwalinski

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The jet fragmentation function and transverse profile for jets with 25 GeV

Published
2011
Full Text
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42. Luminosity determination in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV using the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Author

The ATLAS Collaboration, G. Aad, B. Abbott, J. Abdallah, A. A. Abdelalim, A. Abdesselam, O. Abdinov, B. Abi, M. Abolins, H. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, E. Acerbi, B. S. Acharya, M. Ackers, D. L. Adams, T. N. Addy, J. Adelman, M. Aderholz, S. Adomeit, P. Adragna, T. Adye, S. Aefsky, J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, M. Aharrouche, S. P. Ahlen, F. Ahles, A. Ahmad, H. Ahmed, M. Ahsan, G. Aielli, T. Akdogan, T. P. A. Åkesson, G. Akimoto, A. V. Akimov, M. S. Alam, M. A. Alam, S. Albrand, M. Aleksa, I. N. Aleksandrov, M. Aleppo, F. Alessandria, C. Alexa, G. Alexander, G. Alexandre, T. Alexopoulos, M. Alhroob, M. Aliev, G. Alimonti, J. Alison, M. Aliyev, P. P. Allport, S. E. Allwood-Spiers, J. Almond, A. Aloisio, R. Alon, A. Alonso, J. Alonso, M. G. Alviggi, K. Amako, P. Amaral, C. Amelung, V. V. Ammosov, A. Amorim, G. Amorós, N. Amram, C. Anastopoulos, T. Andeen, C. F. Anders, K. J. Anderson, A. Andreazza, V. Andrei, M.-L. Andrieux, X. S. Anduaga, A. Angerami, F. Anghinolfi, N. Anjos, A. Annovi, A. Antonaki, M. Antonelli, S. Antonelli, J. Antos, F. Anulli, S. Aoun, L. Aperio Bella, R. Apolle, G. Arabidze, I. Aracena, Y. Arai, A. T. H. Arce, J. P. Archambault, S. Arfaoui, J.-F. Arguin, E. Arik, M. Arik, A. J. Armbruster, K. E. Arms, S. R. Armstrong, O. Arnaez, C. Arnault, A. Artamonov, G. Artoni, D. Arutinov, S. Asai, R. Asfandiyarov, S. Ask, B. Åsman, L. Asquith, K. Assamagan, A. Astbury, A. Astvatsatourov, G. Atoian, B. Aubert, B. Auerbach, E. Auge, K. Augsten, M. Aurousseau, N. Austin, R. Avramidou, D. Axen, C. Ay, G. Azuelos, Y. Azuma, M. A. Baak, G. Baccaglioni, C. Bacci, A. M. Bach, H. Bachacou, K. Bachas, G. Bachy, M. Backes, E. Badescu, P. Bagnaia, S. Bahinipati, Y. Bai, D. C. Bailey, T. Bain, J. T. Baines, O. K. Baker, S. Baker, F. Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, E. Banas, P. Banerjee, Sw. Banerjee, D. Banfi, A. Bangert, V. Bansal, H. S. Bansil, L. Barak, S. P. Baranov, A. Barashkou, A. Barbaro Galtieri, T. Barber, E. L. Barberio, D. Barberis, M. Barbero, D. Y. Bardin, T. Barillari, M. Barisonzi, T. Barklow, N. Barlow, B. M. Barnett, R. M. Barnett, A. Baroncelli, A. J. Barr, F. Barreiro, J. Barreiro Guimar aes da Costa, P. Barrillon, R. Bartoldus, A. E. Barton, D. Bartsch, R. L. Bates, L. Batkova, J. R. Batley, A. Battaglia, M. Battistin, G. Battistoni, F. Bauer, H. S. Bawa, B. Beare, T. Beau, P. H. Beauchemin, R. Beccherle, P. Bechtle, H. P. Beck, M. Beckingham, K. H. Becks, A. J. Beddall, A. Beddall, V. A. Bednyakov, C. Bee, M. Begel, S. Behar Harpaz, P. K. Behera, M. Beimforde, C. Belanger-Champagne, B. Belhorma, P. J. Bell, W. H. Bell, G. Bella, L. Bellagamba, F. Bellina, G. Bellomo, M. Bellomo, A. Belloni, K. Belotskiy, O. Beltramello, S. Ben Ami, O. Benary, D. Benchekroun, C. Benchouk, M. Bendel, B. H. Benedict, N. Benekos, Y. Benhammou, D. P. Benjamin, M. Benoit, J. R. Bensinger, K. Benslama, S. Bentvelsen, D. Berge, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann, N. Berger, F. Berghaus, E. Berglund, J. Beringer, K. Bernardet, P. Bernat, R. Bernhard, C. Bernius, T. 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Chelkov, H. Chen, L. Chen, S. Chen, T. Chen, X. Chen, S. Cheng, A. Cheplakov, V. F. Chepurnov, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, V. Chernyatin, E. Cheu, S. L. Cheung, L. Chevalier, F. Chevallier, G. Chiefari, L. Chikovani, J. T. Childers, A. Chilingarov, G. Chiodini, M. V. Chizhov, G. Choudalakis, S. Chouridou, I. A. Christidi, A. Christov, D. Chromek-Burckhart, M. L. Chu, J. Chudoba, G. Ciapetti, A. K. Ciftci, R. Ciftci, D. Cinca, V. Cindro, M. D. Ciobotaru, C. Ciocca, A. Ciocio, M. Cirilli, A. Clark, P. J. Clark, W. Cleland, J. C. Clemens, B. Clement, C. Clement, R. W. Clifft, Y. Coadou, M. Cobal, A. Coccaro, J. Cochran, P. Coe, J. G. Cogan, J. Coggeshall, E. Cogneras, C. D. Cojocaru, J. Colas, A. P. Colijn, C. Collard, N. J. Collins, C. Collins-Tooth, J. Collot, G. Colon, R. Coluccia, G. Comune, P. Conde Mui no, E. Coniavitis, M. C. Conidi, M. Consonni, S. Constantinescu, C. Conta, F. Conventi, J. Cook, M. Cooke, B. D. Cooper, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, N. J. Cooper-Smith, K. Copic, T. 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Radescu, B. Radics, T. Rador, F. Ragusa, G. Rahal, A. M. Rahimi, S. Rajagopalan, S. Rajek, M. Rammensee, M. Rammes, M. Ramstedt, K. Randrianarivony, P. N. Ratoff, F. Rauscher, E. Rauter, M. Raymond, A. L. Read, D. M. Rebuzzi, A. Redelbach, G. Redlinger, R. Reece, K. Reeves, A. Reichold, E. Reinherz-Aronis, A. Reinsch, I. Reisinger, D. Reljic, C. Rembser, Z. L. Ren, A. Renaud, P. Renkel, B. Rensch, M. Rescigno, S. Resconi, B. Resende, P. Reznicek, R. Rezvani, A. Richards, R. Richter, E. Richter-Was, M. Ridel, S. Rieke, M. Rijpstra, M. Rijssenbeek, A. Rimoldi, L. Rinaldi, R. R. Rios, I. Riu, G. Rivoltella, F. Rizatdinova, E. Rizvi, S. H. Robertson, A. Robichaud-Veronneau, D. Robinson, J. E. M. Robinson, M. Robinson, A. Robson, J. G. Rocha de Lima, C. Roda, D. Roda Dos Santos, S. Rodier, D. Rodriguez, Y. Rodriguez Garcia, A. Roe, S. Roe, O. Røhne, V. Rojo, S. Rolli, A. Romaniouk, V. M. Romanov, G. Romeo, D. Romero Maltrana, L. Roos, E. Ros, S. Rosati, M. Rose, G. A. Rosenbaum, E. I. 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Seifert, J. M. Seixas, G. Sekhniaidze, D. M. Seliverstov, B. Sellden, G. Sellers, M. Seman, N. Semprini-Cesari, C. Serfon, L. Serin, R. Seuster, H. Severini, M. E. Sevior, A. Sfyrla, E. Shabalina, M. Shamim, L. Y. Shan, J. T. Shank, Q. T. Shao, M. Shapiro, P. B. Shatalov, L. Shaver, C. Shaw, K. Shaw, D. Sherman, P. Sherwood, A. Shibata, S. Shimizu, M. Shimojima, T. Shin, A. Shmeleva, M. J. Shochet, D. Short, M. A. Shupe, P. Sicho, A. Sidoti, A. Siebel, F. Siegert, J. Siegrist, Dj. Sijacki, O. Silbert, J. Silva, Y. Silver, D. Silverstein, S. B. Silverstein, V. Simak, Lj. Simic, S. Simion, B. Simmons, M. Simonyan, P. Sinervo, N. B. Sinev, V. Sipica, G. Siragusa, A. N. Sisakyan, S. Yu. Sivoklokov, J. Sjölin, T. B. Sjursen, L. A. Skinnari, K. Skovpen, P. Skubic, N. Skvorodnev, M. Slater, T. Slavicek, K. Sliwa, T. J. Sloan, J. Sloper, V. Smakhtin, S. Yu. Smirnov, L. N. Smirnova, O. Smirnova, B. C. Smith, D. Smith, K. M. Smith, M. Smizanska, K. Smolek, A. A. Snesarev, S. W. Snow, J. Snow, J. Snuverink, S. Snyder, M. Soares, R. Sobie, J. Sodomka, A. Soffer, C. A. Solans, M. Solar, J. Solc, U. Soldevila, E. Solfaroli Camillocci, A. A. Solodkov, O. V. Solovyanov, J. Sondericker, N. Soni, V. Sopko, B. Sopko, M. Sorbi, M. Sosebee, A. Soukharev, S. Spagnolo, F. Spanò, R. Spighi, G. Spigo, F. Spila, E. Spiriti, R. Spiwoks, M. Spousta, T. Spreitzer, B. Spurlock, R. D. St. Denis, T. Stahl, J. Stahlman, R. Stamen, E. Stanecka, R. W. Stanek, C. Stanescu, S. Stapnes, E. A. Starchenko, J. Stark, P. Staroba, P. Starovoitov, A. Staude, P. Stavina, G. Stavropoulos, G. Steele, E. Stefanidis, P. Steinbach, P. Steinberg, I. Stekl, B. Stelzer, H. J. Stelzer, O. Stelzer-Chilton, H. Stenzel, K. Stevenson, G. A. Stewart, T. Stockmanns, M. C. Stockton, M. Stodulski, K. Stoerig, G. Stoicea, S. Stonjek, P. Strachota, A. R. Stradling, A. Straessner, J. Strandberg, S. Strandberg, A. Strandlie, M. Strang, E. Strauss, M. Strauss, P. Strizenec, R. Ströhmer, D. M. Strom, J. A. Strong, R. Stroynowski, J. Strube, B. Stugu, I. Stumer, J. Stupak, P. Sturm, D. A. Soh, D. Su, S. Subramania, Y. Sugaya, T. Sugimoto, C. Suhr, K. Suita, M. Suk, V. V. Sulin, S. Sultansoy, T. Sumida, X. Sun, J. E. Sundermann, K. Suruliz, S. Sushkov, G. Susinno, M. R. Sutton, Y. Suzuki, Yu. M. Sviridov, S. Swedish, I. Sykora, T. Sykora, B. Szeless, J. Sánchez, D. Ta, K. Tackmann, A. Taffard, R. Tafirout, A. Taga, N. Taiblum, Y. Takahashi, H. Takai, R. Takashima, H. Takeda, T. Takeshita, M. Talby, A. Talyshev, M. C. Tamsett, J. Tanaka, R. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, Y. Tanaka, K. Tani, N. Tannoury, G. P. Tappern, S. Tapprogge, D. Tardif, S. Tarem, F. Tarrade, G. F. Tartarelli, P. Tas, M. Tasevsky, E. Tassi, M. Tatarkhanov, C. Taylor, F. E. Taylor, G. Taylor, G. N. Taylor, W. Taylor, M. Teixeira Dias Castanheira, P. Teixeira-Dias, K. K. Temming, H. Ten Kate, P. K. Teng, Y. D. Tennenbaum-Katan, S. Terada, K. Terashi, J. Terron, M. Terwort, M. Testa, R. J. Teuscher, C. M. Tevlin, J. Thadome, J. Therhaag, T. Theveneaux-Pelzer, M. Thioye, S. Thoma, J. P. Thomas, E. N. Thompson, P. D. Thompson, A. S. Thompson, E. Thomson, M. Thomson, R. P. Thun, T. Tic, V. O. Tikhomirov, Y. A. Tikhonov, C. J. W. P. Timmermans, P. Tipton, F. J. Tique Aires Viegas, S. Tisserant, J. Tobias, B. Toczek, T. Todorov, S. Todorova-Nova, B. Toggerson, J. Tojo, S. Tokár, K. Tokunaga, K. Tokushuku, K. Tollefson, M. Tomoto, L. Tompkins, K. Toms, A. Tonazzo, G. Tong, A. Tonoyan, C. Topfel, N. D. Topilin, I. Torchiani, E. Torrence, E. Torró Pastor, J. Toth, F. Touchard, D. R. Tovey, D. Traynor, T. Trefzger, J. Treis, L. Tremblet, A. Tricoli, I. M. Trigger, S. Trincaz-Duvoid, T. N. Trinh, M. F. Tripiana, N. Triplett, W. Trischuk, A. Trivedi, B. Trocmé, C. Troncon, M. Trottier-McDonald, A. Trzupek, C. Tsarouchas, J. C.-L. Tseng, M. Tsiakiris, P. V. Tsiareshka, D. Tsionou, G. Tsipolitis, V. Tsiskaridze, E. G. Tskhadadze, I. I. Tsukerman, V. Tsulaia, J.-W. Tsung, S. Tsuno, D. Tsybychev, A. Tua, J. M. Tuggle, M. Turala, D. Turecek, I. Turk Cakir, E. Turlay, P. M. Tuts, A. Tykhonov, M. Tylmad, M. Tyndel, D. Typaldos, H. Tyrvainen, G. Tzanakos, K. Uchida, I. Ueda, R. Ueno, M. Ugland, M. Uhlenbrock, M. Uhrmacher, F. Ukegawa, G. Unal, D. G. Underwood, A. Undrus, G. Unel, Y. Unno, D. Urbaniec, E. Urkovsky, P. Urquijo, P. Urrejola, G. Usai, M. Uslenghi, L. Vacavant, V. Vacek, B. Vachon, S. Vahsen, C. Valderanis, J. Valenta, P. Valente, S. Valentinetti, S. Valkar, E. Valladolid Gallego, S. Vallecorsa, J. A. Valls Ferrer, H. van der Graaf, E. van der Kraaij, E. van der Poel, D. van der Ster, B. Van Eijk, N. van Eldik, P. van Gemmeren, Z. van Kesteren, I. van Vulpen, W. Vandelli, G. Vandoni, A. Vaniachine, P. Vankov, F. Vannucci, F. VarelaRodriguez, R. Vari, E. W. Varnes, D. Varouchas, A. Vartapetian, K. E. Varvell, V. I. Vassilakopoulos, F. Vazeille, G. Vegni, J. J. Veillet, C. Vellidis, F. Veloso, R. Veness, S. Veneziano, A. Ventura, D. Ventura, S. Ventura, M. Venturi, N. Venturi, V. Vercesi, M. Verducci, W. Verkerke, J. C. Vermeulen, L. Vertogardov, A. Vest, M. C. Vetterli, I. Vichou, T. Vickey, G. H. A. Viehhauser, S. Viel, M. Villa, M. Villaplana Perez, E. Vilucchi, M. G. Vincter, E. Vinek, V. B. Vinogradov, M. Virchaux, S. Viret, J. Virzi, A. Vitale, O. Vitells, I. Vivarelli, F. Vives Vaque, S. Vlachos, M. Vlasak, N. Vlasov, A. Vogel, P. Vokac, M. Volpi, G. Volpini, H. von der Schmitt, J. von Loeben, H. von Radziewski, E. von Toerne, V. Vorobel, A. P. Vorobiev, V. Vorwerk, M. Vos, R. Voss, T. T. Voss, J. H. Vossebeld, A. S. Vovenko, N. Vranjes, M. Vranjes Milosavljevic, V. Vrba, M. Vreeswijk, T. Vu Anh, R. Vuillermet, I. Vukotic, W. Wagner, P. Wagner, H. Wahlen, J. Wakabayashi, J. Walbersloh, S. Walch, J. Walder, R. Walker, W. Walkowiak, R. Wall, P. Waller, C. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, J. C. Wang, S. M. Wang, A. Warburton, C. P. Ward, M. Warsinsky, P. M. Watkins, A. T. Watson, M. F. Watson, G. Watts, S. Watts, A. T. Waugh, B. M. Waugh, J. Weber, M. Weber, M. S. Weber, P. Weber, A. R. Weidberg, J. Weingarten, C. Weiser, H. Wellenstein, P. S. Wells, M. Wen, T. Wenaus, S. Wendler, Z. Weng, T. Wengler, S. Wenig, N. Wermes, M. Werner, P. Werner, M. Werth, M. Wessels, K. Whalen, S. J. Wheeler-Ellis, S. P. Whitaker, A. White, M. J. White, S. R. Whitehead, D. Whiteson, D. Whittington, F. Wicek, D. Wicke, F. J. Wickens, W. Wiedenmann, M. Wielers, P. Wienemann, C. Wiglesworth, L. A. M. Wiik, A. Wildauer, M. A. Wildt, I. Wilhelm, H. G. Wilkens, J. Z. Will, E. Williams, H. H. Williams, W. Willis, S. Willocq, J. A. Wilson, M. G. Wilson, A. Wilson, I. Wingerter-Seez, S. Winkelmann, F. Winklmeier, M. Wittgen, M. W. Wolter, H. Wolters, G. Wooden, B. K. Wosiek, J. Wotschack, M. J. Woudstra, K. Wraight, C. Wright, B. Wrona, S. L. Wu, X. Wu, Y. Wu, E. Wulf, R. Wunstorf, B. M. Wynne, L. Xaplanteris, S. Xella, S. Xie, Y. Xie, C. Xu, D. Xu, G. Xu, B. Yabsley, M. Yamada, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamamoto, S. Yamamoto, T. Yamamura, J. Yamaoka, T. Yamazaki, Y. Yamazaki, Z. Yan, H. Yang, S. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, S. Yanush, W.-M. Yao, Y. Yao, Y. Yasu, J. Ye, S. Ye, M. Yilmaz, R. Yoosoofmiya, K. Yorita, R. Yoshida, C. Young, S. Youssef, D. Yu, J. Yu, L. Yuan, A. Yurkewicz, V. G. Zaets, R. Zaidan, A. M. Zaitsev, Z. Zajacova, Yo. K. Zalite, L. Zanello, P. Zarzhitsky, A. Zaytsev, M. Zdrazil, C. Zeitnitz, M. Zeller, P. F. Zema, A. Zemla, C. Zendler, A. V. Zenin, O. Zenin, T. Ženiš, Z. Zenonos, S. Zenz, D. Zerwas, G. Zevi della Porta, Z. Zhan, D. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, X. Zhang, Z. Zhang, L. Zhao, T. Zhao, Z. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, S. Zheng, J. Zhong, B. Zhou, N. Zhou, Y. Zhou, C. G. Zhu, H. Zhu, Y. Zhu, X. Zhuang, V. Zhuravlov, D. Zieminska, B. Zilka, R. Zimmermann, S. Zimmermann, M. Ziolkowski, R. Zitoun, L. Živković, V. V. Zmouchko, G. Zobernig, A. Zoccoli, Y. Zolnierowski, A. Zsenei, M. zur Nedden, V. Zutshi, and L. Zwalinski

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Measurements of luminosity obtained using the ATLAS detector during early running of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV are presented. The luminosity is independently determined using several detectors and multiple algorithms, each having different acceptances, systematic uncertainties and sensitivity to background. The ratios of the luminosities obtained from these methods are monitored as a function of time and of μ, the average number of inelastic interactions per bunch crossing. Residual time- and μ-dependence between the methods is less than 2% for 0

Published
2011
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43. Imaging the Passionate Stage of Romantic Love by Dopamine Dynamics

Author

Kayo eTakahashi, Kei eMizuno, Akihiro T Sasaki, Yasuhiro eWada, Masaaki eTanaka, Akira eIshii, Kanakao eTajima, Kyosuke eWatanabe, Naohiro eTsuyuguchi, Semir eZeki, and Yasuyoshi eWatanabe

Subjects
Dopamine, Medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, positron emission tomography (PET), romantic love, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Using [11C]raclopride, a dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist, we undertook a positron emission tomography (PET) study to investigate the involvement of the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system when subjects viewed the pictures of partners to whom they were romantically attached. Ten subjects viewed pictures of their romantic partners and, as a control, of friends of the same sex for whom they had neutral feelings during the PET study. We administered [11C]raclopride to subjects using a timing for injecting the antagonist which had been determined in previous studies to be optimal for detecting increases in the amount of dopamine released by stimulation. The results demonstrated statistically significant activation of the dopaminergic system in two regions, the medial orbitofrontal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex, the former of which has been strongly implicated in a variety of rewarding experiences, including that of beauty and love. A positive correlation was obtained in medial orbitofrontal cortex between excitement levels and dopaminergic activation only in the love but not in the control condition.

Published
2015
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44. Enhanced Resistance to Seed-Transmitted Bacterial Diseases in Transgenic Rice Plants Overproducing an Oat Cell-Wall-Bound Thionin

Author

Takayoshi Iwai, H. Kaku, R. Honkura, S. Nakamura, H. Ochiai, T. Sasaki, and Y. Ohashi

Subjects
Microbiology, QR1-502, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Bacterial attack is a serious agricultural problem for growth of rice seedlings in the nursery and field. The thionins purified from seed and etiolated seedlings of barley are known to have antimicrobial activity against necrotrophic pathogens; however, we found that no endogenous rice thionin genes alone are enough for resistance to two major seed-transmitted phytopathogenic bacteria, Burkholderia plantarii and B. glumae, although rice thionin genes constitutively expressed in coleoptile, the target organ of the bacteria. Thus, we isolated thionin genes from oat, one of which was overexpressed in rice. When wild-type rice seed were germinated with these bacteria, all seedlings were wilted with severe blight. In the seedling infected with B. plantarii, bacterial staining was intensively marked around stomata and intercellular spaces. However, transgenic rice seedlings accumulating a high level of oat thionin in cell walls grew almost normally with bacterial staining only on the surface of stomata. These results indicate that the oat thionin effectively works in rice plants against bacterial attack.

Published
2002
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45. Frequency-specific network topologies in the resting human brain

Author

Shuntaro eSasai, Fumitaka eHomae, Hama eWatanabe, Akihiro T Sasaki, Hiroki C Tanabe, Norihiro eSadato, and Gentaro eTaga

Subjects
integration, segregation, functional connectivity, community structure, resting state networks, Resting-state fMRI, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

A community is a set of nodes with dense inter-connections, while there are sparse connections between different communities. A hub is a highly connected node with high centrality. It has been shown that both communities and hubs exist simultaneously in the brain’s functional connectivity network, as estimated by correlations among low-frequency spontaneous fluctuations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal changes (0.01–0.10 Hz). This indicates that the brain has a spatial organization that promotes both segregation and integration of information. Here, we demonstrate that frequency-specific network topologies that characterize segregation and integration also exist within this frequency range. In investigating the coherence spectrum among 87 brain regions, we found that two frequency bands, 0.01–0.03 Hz (very low frequency [VLF] band) and 0.07–0.09 Hz (low frequency [LF] band), mainly contributed to functional connectivity. Comparing graph theoretical indices for the VLF and LF bands revealed that the network in the former had a higher capacity for information segregation between identified communities than the latter. Hubs in the VLF band were mainly located within the anterior cingulate cortices, whereas those in the LF band were located in the posterior cingulate cortices and thalamus. Thus, depending on the timescale of brain activity, at least two distinct network topologies contributed to information segregation and integration. This suggests that the brain intrinsically has timescale-dependent functional organizations.

Published
2014
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46. Medial prefrontal cortex activation is commonly invoked by reputation of self and romantic partners.

Author

Hiroaki Kawamichi, Akihiro T Sasaki, Masahiro Matsunaga, Kazufumi Yoshihara, Haruka K Takahashi, Hiroki C Tanabe, and Norihiro Sadato

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The reputation of others influences partner selection in human cooperative behaviors through verbal reputation representation. Although the way in which humans represent the verbal reputations of others is a pivotal issue for social neuroscience, the neural correlates underlying the representation of verbal reputations of others are unclear. Humans primarily depend on self-evaluation when assessing reputation of self. Likewise, humans might primarily depend on self-evaluation of others when representing their reputation. As interaction promotes the formation of more nuanced, individualized impressions of an interaction partner, humans tend to form self-evaluations of persons with whom they are intimate in their daily life. Thus, we hypothesized that the representation of reputation of others is modulated by intimacy due to one's own evaluation formation of that person. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment with 11 pairs of romantic partners while they viewed an evaluation of a target person (self, partner [intimate other], or stranger [non-intimate other]), made by other evaluators. When compared with strangers, viewing evaluations of self and partner activated overlapping regions in the medial prefrontal cortex. Verbal reputation of self-specific activation was found in the precuneus, which represents self-related processing. The data suggest that midline structures represent reputation of self. In addition, intimacy-modulated activation in the medial prefrontal cortex suggests that the verbal reputation of intimate others is represented similarly to reputation of self. These results suggest that the reputation representation in the medial prefrontal cortex is engaged by verbal reputation of self and intimate others stemming from both own and other evaluators' judgments.

Published
2013
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47. A homogeneous, high-throughput assay for phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase with a novel, rapid substrate preparation.

Author

Mindy I Davis, Atsuo T Sasaki, Min Shen, Brooke M Emerling, Natasha Thorne, Sam Michael, Rajan Pragani, Matthew Boxer, Kazutaka Sumita, Koh Takeuchi, Douglas S Auld, Zhuyin Li, Lewis C Cantley, and Anton Simeonov

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Phosphoinositide kinases regulate diverse cellular functions and are important targets for therapeutic development for diseases, such as diabetes and cancer. Preparation of the lipid substrate is crucial for the development of a robust and miniaturizable lipid kinase assay. Enzymatic assays for phosphoinositide kinases often use lipid substrates prepared from lyophilized lipid preparations by sonication, which result in variability in the liposome size from preparation to preparation. Herein, we report a homogeneous 1536-well luciferase-coupled bioluminescence assay for PI5P4Kα. The substrate preparation is novel and allows the rapid production of a DMSO-containing substrate solution without the need for lengthy liposome preparation protocols, thus enabling the scale-up of this traditionally difficult type of assay. The Z'-factor value was greater than 0.7 for the PI5P4Kα assay, indicating its suitability for high-throughput screening applications. Tyrphostin AG-82 had been identified as an inhibitor of PI5P4Kα by assessing the degree of phospho transfer of γ-(32)P-ATP to PI5P; its inhibitory activity against PI5P4Kα was confirmed in the present miniaturized assay. From a pilot screen of a library of bioactive compounds, another tyrphostin, I-OMe tyrphostin AG-538 (I-OMe-AG-538), was identified as an ATP-competitive inhibitor of PI5P4Kα with an IC(50) of 1 µM, affirming the suitability of the assay for inhibitor discovery campaigns. This homogeneous assay may apply to other lipid kinases and should help in the identification of leads for this class of enzymes by enabling high-throughput screening efforts.

Published
2013
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48. Early visual experience and the recognition of basic facial expressions: Involvement of the middle temporal and inferior frontal gyri during haptic identification by the early blind

Author

Ryo eKitada, Yuko eOkamoto, Akihiro T Sasaki, Takanori eKochiyama, Motohide eMiyahara, Susan J Lederman, and Norihiro eSadato

Subjects
Blindness, Psychophysics, Touch, fMRI, Facial Expression, haptics, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Face perception is critical for social communication. Given its fundamental importance in the course of evolution, the innate neural mechanisms can anticipate the computations necessary for representing faces. However, the effect of visual deprivation on the formation of neural mechanisms that underlie face perception is largely unknown. We previously showed that sighted individuals can recognize basic facial expressions by haptics surprisingly well. Moreover, the inferior frontal gyrus and posterior superior temporal sulcus in the sighted subjects are involved in haptic and visual recognition of facial expressions. Here, we conducted both psychophysical and functional magnetic-resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments to determine the nature of the neural representation that subserves the recognition of basic facial expressions in early-blind individuals. In a psychophysical experiment, both early-blind and sighted subjects haptically identified basic facial expressions at levels well above chance. In the subsequent fMRI experiment, both groups haptically identified facial expressions and shoe types (control). The sighted subjects then completed the same task visually. Within brain regions activated by the visual and haptic identification of facial expressions (relative to that of shoes) in the sighted group, corresponding haptic identification in the early blind activated regions in the inferior frontal and middle temporal gyri. These results suggest that the neural system that underlies the recognition of basic facial expressions develops supramodally even in the absence of early visual experience.

Published
2013
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49. Neural networks for action representation underlying automatic mimicry: A functional magnetic-resonance imaging and dynamic causal modeling study

Author

Akihiro T Sasaki, Takanori eKochiyama, Motoaki eSugiura, Hiroki C Tanabe, and Norihiro eSadato

Subjects
Network analysis, superior temporal sulcus, mirror system, Posterior parietal cortex, mimicry, sensorimotor integration, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Automatic mimicry is based on the tight linkage between motor and perception action representations in which internal models play a key role. Based on the anatomical connection, we hypothesized that the direct effective connectivity from the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) to the ventral premotor area (PMv) formed an inverse internal model, converting visual representation into a motor plan, and that reverse connectivity formed a forward internal model, converting the motor plan into a sensory outcome of action. To test this hypothesis, we employed dynamic causal-modeling analysis with functional magnetic-resonance imaging. Twenty-four normal participants underwent a change-detection task involving two visually-presented balls that were either manually rotated by the investigator’s right hand (‘Hand’) or automatically rotated. The effective connectivity from the pSTS to the PMv was enhanced by hand observation and suppressed by execution, corresponding to the inverse model. Opposite effects were observed from the PMv to the pSTS, suggesting the forward model. Additionally, both execution and hand observation commonly enhanced the effective connectivity from the pSTS to the inferior parietal lobule (IPL), the IPL to the primary sensorimotor cortex (S/M1), the PMv to the IPL, and the PMv to the S/M1. Representation of the hand action therefore was implemented in the motor system including the S/M1. During hand observation, effective connectivity toward the pSTS was suppressed whereas that toward the PMv and S/M1 was enhanced. Thus the action-representation network acted as a dynamic feedback-control system during action observation.

Published
2012
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50. Brain Network Involved in the Recognition of Facial Expressions of Emotion in the Early Blind

Author

Ryo Kitada, Yuko Okamoto, Akihiro T Sasaki, Takanori Kochiyama, Motohide Miyahara, Susan Lederman, and Norihiro Sadato

Subjects
Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Previous studies suggest that the brain network responsible for the recognition of facial expressions of emotion (FEEs) begins to emerge early in life. However, it has been unclear whether visual experience of faces is necessary for the development of this network. Here, we conducted both psychophysical and functional magnetic-resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments to test the hypothesis that the brain network underlying the recognition of FEEs is not dependent on visual experience of faces. Early-blind, late-blind and sighted subjects participated in the psychophysical experiment. Regardless of group, subjects haptically identified basic FEEs at above-chance levels, without any feedback training. In the subsequent fMRI experiment, the early-blind and sighted subjects haptically identified facemasks portraying three different FEEs and casts of three different shoe types. The sighted subjects also completed a visual task that compared the same stimuli. Within the brain regions activated by the visually-identified FEEs (relative to shoes), haptic identification of FEEs (relative to shoes) by the early-blind and sighted individuals activated the posterior middle temporal gyrus adjacent to the superior temporal sulcus, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the fusiform gyrus. Collectively, these results suggest that the brain network responsible for FEE recognition can develop without any visual experience of faces.

Published
2011
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