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Formål: Å undersøke helsearbeidere ved et aktivitetssenter for personer med demens sine erfaringer med å delta på kunstverksted på en kulturinstitusjon sammen med personer som lever med en demenssykdom. Metode: En kvalitativ studie med deltagende observasjon, spørreskjema og fokusgruppeintervju. Tematisk analyse: To av de fire ledsagende helsearbeiderne som deltok i studien, deltok også i analysen av det empiriske materialet. Resultat: Helsearbeidernes erfaringer kan sammenfattes i to overordnede tema: «en styrket relasjon» og «en endret kompetanse». Det første temaet var et resultat av tre faktorer: For det første at de deltok i kunstnerisk samskaping med deltakerne med demens utenfor den vante omsorgssituasjonen. For det andre at samskapingen ga dem en felles erfaring som påvirket pleier-pasient-rollene. For det tredje at de på nye måter ble kjent med deltakerne med demenssykdom. At relasjonen til deltakerne ble styrket, førte også til at helsearbeiderne i etterkant prøvde ut aktiviteter de ikke hadde gjort før. Dette funnet beskrives som «en endret kompetanse». Originalitet: Artikkelen bidrar med kunnskap om helsearbeidernes utbytte av å delta i kunstnerisk samskaping sammen med personer med demens, noe som er underbelyst i forskningen. Resultatene viser hvilket potensial samskaping kan ha som metode når man planlegger kunst- og kulturtilbud hvor personer med demens og helsearbeidere deltar sammen.

Fotball er et globalt populærkulturelt fenomen. På grunn av det enorme engasjementet fotball skaper, følelsene som leves ut, deltakelsen i felles ritualer og dyrkelsen av lag og enkeltspillere, kan fotball sammenlignes med religion. Vi bruker Argentinas seier i fotball-VM i 2022 som utgangspunkt og viser gjennom empiriske eksempler hvordan den enorme interessen for fotball i Argentina og dyrkelsen av Maradona kan forstås som en form for folkereligion. Mot slutten av artikkelen diskuterer vi hvordan utforsking av fotball og religion kan brukes didaktisk i undervisningen om religion i skolen i Norge. Nøkkelord: fotball, fotball-VM, folkereligion, folkehelgener, cábala, Maradona

Metaphors play a significant role in how cancer is experienced and discussed. This study delves into the utilization of metaphors by women bloggers grappling with colorectal and gynecological cancers. By focusing on cancer types less represented in mainstream media, we aim to shed light on cancer cultures associated with body areas often considered taboo. Our findings reveal that widely recognized expressions and stories about cancer, such as the metaphors of battle and narratives promoting optimism and heroism in the face of illness, are deeply ingrained. However, a notable discovery is the prevalence of personification alongside these conventional expressions. Personifying cancer endows it with human characteristics, providing an outlet for bloggers to express their fear and frustration, including articulating feelings of sadness and anger, diverging from narratives centered on heroism and positive thinking. Furthermore, our analysis reveals a significant emphasis on death, underscoring that despite advancements in treatment, bloggers still perceive cancer as highly lethal. Personification can serve both detrimental and therapeutic purposes for bloggers and for societal perceptions of cancer survivorship, both reinforcing and opposing dominant Western discourses surrounding the illness. These findings enrich our understanding of cognitive and cultural tools used to describe cancer within contemporary Western society.

Abstract Although sucrose is widely administered to hospitalized infants for single painful procedures, total sucrose volume during the entire neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay and associated adverse events are unknown. In a longitudinal observation study, we aimed to quantify and contextualize sucrose administration during the NICU stay. Specifically, we investigated the frequency, nature, and severity of painful procedures; proportion of procedures where neonates received sucrose; total volume of sucrose administered for painful procedures; and incidence and type of adverse events. Neonates

Introduction Oral sucrose is repeatedly administered to neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to treat pain from commonly performed procedures; however, there is limited evidence on its long-term cumulative effect on neurodevelopment. We examined the association between total sucrose volumes administered to preterm neonates for pain mitigation in the NICU and their neurodevelopment at 18 months of corrected age (CA).Methods A prospective longitudinal single-arm observational study that enrolled hospitalised preterm neonates

Abstract Exposure to pain‐related stress from frequent invasive procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has been associated with altered physiological stress regulation, neurodevelopment, and behavior in children born very preterm (≤32 weeks gestation). Previously, in a cohort born 2003–2006 (Cohort 1), we found that, at 18 months corrected age (CA), children born extremely low gestational age (ELGA; 24–28 weeks) and very low gestational age (VLGA; 29–32 weeks), had higher pre‐test cortisol levels and a different pattern of cortisol output across a developmental assessment involving cognitive challenge compared to children born full‐term (FT; 39–41 weeks). Also, greater neonatal pain‐related stress exposure among the preterm children was related to higher pre‐test cortisol levels. Given the adverse long‐term effects of neonatal pain in preterm infants and the ensuing rise in clinical concerns to appropriately manage pain in the NICU in recent years, we aimed to examine whether our findings from Cohort 1 would still be evident in an independent cohort (Cohort 2) born 2006–2011 and recruited from the same tertiary NICU in Vancouver, Canada. We also compared the cortisol patterns, clinical and socio‐demographic factors, and their interrelationships between the two cohorts. In Cohort 2, our findings using multi‐level modeling support and extend our earlier findings in Cohort 1, demonstrating that children born ELGA display higher pre‐test cortisol levels than FT. As well, greater cortisol output across assessment was related to more anxiety/depressive behaviors in children born VLGA. Importantly, children born ELGA were exposed to less neonatal pain/stress, mechanical ventilation, and morphine in Cohort 2 than Cohort 1. In both cohorts, however, cortisol levels and patterns were related to neonatal pain/stress and clinical factors (days on mechanical ventilation, overall morphine exposure). Despite less exposure to pain/stress and adverse clinical factors in Cohort 2 compared to Cohort 1, cortisol levels and patterns across cognitive challenge in preterm children at 18‐month CA were consistent across the two independent cohorts. These findings highlight that, despite improvements to neonatal care, children born extremely preterm continue to display altered HPA axis activity, which is associated with their poorer neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes.

Background The condition known as chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is poorly understood. Simplified medical models tend to neglect the complexity of illness, contributing to a terrain of uncertainty, dilemmas and predicaments. However, despite pessimistic pictures of no cure and poor prognosis, some patients recover. Purpose This study’s purpose is to provide insight into people’s experiences of suffering and recovery from very severe CFS/ME and illuminate understanding of how and why changes became possible. Methods Fourteen former patients were interviewed about their experiences of returning to health. A narrative analysis was undertaken to explore participants’ experiences and understandings. We present the result through one participant’s story. Results The analysis yielded a common plotline with a distinct turning point. Participants went through a profound narrative shift, change in mindset and subsequent long-time work to actively pursue their own healing. Their narrative understandings of being helpless victims of disease were replaced by a more complex view of causality and illness and a new sense of self-agency developed. Discussion We discuss the illness narratives in relation to the disease model and its shortcomings, the different voices dominating the stories at different times in a clinically, conceptually, and emotionally challenging area.

Abstract The absence of functional top predators has been proposed as a mechanism acting to shape fish assemblages in temperate marine ecosystems, with cascading effects on lower trophic levels. We explore this scenario by comparing the trophic and functional status of fish assemblages in Norwegian marine national parks, open to fishing, to a nearby coastal seascape that harbors a system of marine protected areas (MPAs) including a no‐take zone. Demersal fish assemblages were sampled using fyke nets over three consecutive seasons. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is potentially a dominant top predator in this ecosystem, and historically, this and other gadids have been targeted by the full range of former and present fisheries. In the present study, we find that average body size of the Atlantic cod was significantly larger in the zoned seascape compared to the unprotected areas (mean ± SD: 36.6 cm ± 14.38 vs. 23.4 ± 7.50; p

I denne artikkelen utforsker jeg vurderinger av retur fra ståstedet til polske migranter som befinner seg i prekære livssituasjoner i Norge. Det primære empiriske grunnlaget er kvalitative intervjuer med åtte polske migranter, som på intervjutidspunktet stod uten lønnsarbeid og uten tilgang til offentlige velferdsytelser. Gjennom å benytte begreper og perspektiver fra institusjonell etnografi, utfordrer artikkelen institusjonelle forståelser om polske migranter som mobil og midlertidig arbeidskraft i Norge. Artikkelen belyser også hvordan disse institusjonelle forståelsene settes i spill og drar veksler på intervjuer med 12 ansatte i Nav. I artikkelen argumenterer jeg for at polske migranter i prekære livssituasjoner opplever vurderinger av retur som komplekse. Vurderingene har både økonomiske, sosiale og emosjonelle dimensjoner. Retur anses derfor ikke nødvendigvis som et enkelt alternativ, på tross av en svært utfordrende livssituasjon i Norge. Deres erfaringer og vurderinger står i kontrast til institusjonaliserte forestillinger av EØS-mobilitet, som tar utgangspunkt i kortsiktig profittmaksimering og mobilitet som mulighetsgivende for migrantene. Jeg argumenterer for at disse forestillingene av polske migranter og deres forutsetninger for retur virker objektiverende, og at de usynliggjør polske migranter som «hele mennesker».

I denne artikkelen identifiserer jeg tre former for utfordringer som kan hindre at migranter kommer i kontakt med Nav, slik at de kan få vurdert og realisert eventuelle rettigheter til velferdsytelser. Jeg bygger på analyser av intervjuer med arbeidsledige polske migranter som tidligere har hatt ordinært arbeid i Norge, men som ikke mottar noen velferdsytelser. Den første formen for utfordringer er knyttet til deres posisjon i et ustabilt og uforutsigbart arbeidsmarked. Den andre handler om deres svake byråkratiske kompetanse og hvordan slik kompetanse er en forutsetning for vellykket samhandling med Nav. Den tredje typen utfordring som jeg har identifisert, er migrantenes opplevelser av ydmykelse i møte med Nav. Disse ulike formene for utfordringer fører til at terskelen til Nav oppleves som høy og hindrer dem i å få tilgang til velferdsytelser de kunne hatt rett på.

Abstract To predict adverse neurodevelopmental outcome of very preterm neonates. A total of 166 preterm neonates born between 24–32 weeks’ gestation underwent brain MRI early in life. Radiomics features were extracted from T1- and T2- weighted images. Motor, cognitive, and language outcomes were assessed at a corrected age of 18 and 33 months and 4.5 years. Elastic Net was implemented to select the clinical and radiomic features that best predicted outcome. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was used to determine the predictive ability of each feature set. Clinical variables predicted cognitive outcome at 18 months with AUROC 0.76 and motor outcome at 4.5 years with AUROC 0.78. T1-radiomics features showed better prediction than T2-radiomics on the total motor outcome at 18 months and gross motor outcome at 33 months (AUROC: 0.81 vs 0.66 and 0.77 vs 0.7). T2-radiomics features were superior in two 4.5-year motor outcomes (AUROC: 0.78 vs 0.64 and 0.8 vs 0.57). Combining clinical parameters and radiomics features improved model performance in motor outcome at 4.5 years (AUROC: 0.84 vs 0.8). Radiomic features outperformed clinical variables for the prediction of adverse motor outcomes. Adding clinical variables to the radiomics model enhanced predictive performance.

The article presents research experience integrating parents, clinicians, and researchers to identify the selection and reporting of meaningful outcomes after preterm birth. Topics discussed include principles of patient-oriented research, significance of the parents lived exprience to presentations, and impact of the collaborative effort.

Children born very low gestational age (VLGA, 29–32 weeks gestational age [GA]) display slower processing speed and altered hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis function, with greater effects in those born extremely low gestational age (ELGA; 24–28 weeks GA). We investigated trajectories of HPA axis activity as indexed by cortisol output and patterns across cognitive assessment at ages 1.5, 3 and 4.5 years, comparing children born ELGA and VLGA and associations with 4.5-year processing speed. In a prospective longitudinal cohort study, infants born very preterm (<33 weeks gestation) returned for developmental assessment at ages 1.5, 3, and 4.5 years. At each age, children completed standardized cognitive testing and saliva samples collected before (Pretest), during (During) and after (End) challenging cognitive tasks were assayed for cortisol. For the total group (n = 188), cortisol area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg) decreased, while cortisol reactivity to challenge (Pre-test to During) increased from 1.5 to 3 years, remaining stable to 4.5 years. This longitudinal pattern was related to higher Processing Speed (WPPSI-IV) scores at 4.5 years. Children born ELGA displayed higher AUCg than VLGA, particularly at age 3, driven by higher Pre-test cortisol levels. Overall, relative to those born VLGA, children born ELGA displayed greater cortisol responsivity to cognitive challenge. A higher setpoint of cortisol levels at age 3-years in children born ELGA may reflect altered HPA axis regulation more broadly and may contribute to difficulties with information processing in this population, critical for academic and social success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GoalTo determine the analgesic effectiveness of repeated sucrose administration for skin-breaking (SB) procedures over the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) hospitalization of preterm infants.MethodsLongitudinal observational study, conducted in four level III Canadian NICUs. Eligible infants were

This article examines the religious transnational orientation among young Muslims and Christians in Oslo. The study draws upon Andreas Wimmer’s (2013) theory of ethnic boundaries to analyse the characteristics of the ethnic boundary-making emerge within a religious transnational field, and how social closure, language, ideological framing and sociopolitical dimensions contribute to the ethnic boundary-making. The data consist of 22 qualitative interviews with young people between 16 and 35 years old. The article shows that most young Muslims and Christians involved in religious transnational activities influenced by multicultural, cosmopolitan ideas and interfaith collaborations. Some youths, however, are involved in religious transnational activities where there are no forms of social exchange or cooperation with other religious and ethnic groups. Some groups use their native language to reinforce the ethnic boundaries, providing a link between their religion and nationality. Others use language to establish generational differences between young people and their parents. As for the ideological framing, the findings show those boundary-making efforts that emphasize the incorporation of Islam in the West. The sociopolitical dimension refers to the classificatory struggles of Muslims with right-wing politicians who argue Muslims in Europe and Norway represent a danger to Western democracy and values.

Children born very preterm are at risk of severe neurodevelopmental impairment, a composite endpoint that includes cerebral palsy, developmental delay, and hearing and visual impairment defined by medical professionals. We aimed to describe preterm birth stakeholders’ perspectives on this classification. Ten clinical scenarios describing 18-month-old children with different components of severe neurodevelopmental impairment and one scenario of a typically developing child (control) were distributed to parents and stakeholders using a snowball sampling technique. For each scenario, participants rated health on a scale from 0 to 10 and whether the scenario represented a severe condition. Results were analyzed descriptively and mean differences from the control scenario were compared using a linear mixed-effects model. Stakeholders (number = 827) completed 4553 scenarios. Median health scores for each scenario varied from 6 to 10. The rating for the cerebral palsy and language delay scenario was significantly lower (mean difference −4.3; 95% confidence interval: −4.4, −4.1) than the control. The proportion of respondents rating a scenario as “severe” ranged from 5% for cognitive delay to 55% for cerebral palsy and language delay. Most participants disagreed with the rating used in research to describe severe neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm children. The term should be redefined to align with stakeholder perceptions.

Neurodevelopmental challenges in children born very preterm are common and not improving. This study tested the feasibility of using Evidence-based Practice to Improve Quality (EPIQ), a proven quality improvement technique that incorporates scientific evidence to target improving language abilities in very preterm populations in 10 Canadian neonatal follow-up programs. Feasibility was defined as at least 70% of sites completing four intervention cycles and 75% of cycles meeting targeted aims. Systematic reviews were reviewed and performed, an online quality improvement educational tool was developed, multidisciplinary teams that included parents were created and trained, and sites provided virtual support to implement and audit locally at least four intervention cycles of approximately 6 months in duration. Eight of ten sites implemented at least four intervention cycles. Of the 48 cycles completed, audits showed 41 (85%) met their aim. Though COVID-19 was a barrier, parent involvement, champions, and institutional support facilitated success. EPIQ is a feasible quality improvement methodology to implement family-integrated evidence-informed interventions to support language interventions in neonatal follow-up programs. Further studies are required to identify potential benefits of service outcomes, patients, and families and to evaluate sustainability.

Background: Several medical diagnoses generate unpleasant smells, which cause suffering for patients. There is no culturally accepted language for malodour, and the topic is encircled by silence in nursing. Aim: To facilitate communication with patients on unpleasant smell. Method: A linguistic analysis of verbal expressions from 11 patients suffering from malodour was conducted. Discourse-based metaphor theory guided the analysis. Findings: Metaphors of comparison and orientation were the most common categories of metaphors. The comparisons referred to bodily waste products and rotting processes. Metaphors of orientation illuminated how the unpleasant smell moved around and settled down in the body and in their homes without the patients' control. Swearing was used to convey suffering. Conclusion: The figures of speech provided new insight into how malodour affected the patients existentially by threatening social relations, freedom and integrity. Recognizing the patients verbal expressions may act as a starting point for communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Stopping nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) may trigger a beneficial immune response leading to HBsAg loss, but clinical trials on re‐start strategies are lacking. Aim: To assess whether it is beneficial to undergo a prolonged flare after NA cessation. Methods: One‐hundred‐and‐twenty‐seven patients with HBeAg negative, non‐cirrhotic CHB with at least 24 months of viral suppression on NA therapy were included. All study participants stopped antiviral therapy and were randomised to either low‐threshold (ALT > 80 U/L and HBV DNA > 2000 IU/mL) or high‐threshold (ALT > 100 U/L for >4 months, or ALT > 400 U/L for >2 months) for the re‐start of therapy. The primary endpoint was HBsAg loss within 36 months of stopping antiviral treatment. The primary analysis was based on intention‐to‐treat allocation with last observation carried forward. Results: There was a numerical but not statistically significant difference in HBsAg loss between the low‐threshold (3 of 64; 4.7%) and the high‐threshold (8 of 63; 12.7%) group (risk difference: 8.0%, 95% CI: −2.3 to 19.6, p = 0.123). None of the patients with end‐of‐treatment HBsAg > 1000 IU/mL achieved HBsAg loss; among those with end‐of‐treatment HBsAg < 1000 IU/mL, 8 of 15 (53.3%) achieved HBsAg loss in the high‐threshold group compared to 3 of 26 (11.5%) in the low‐threshold group. Conclusions: We could not confirm our hypothesis that a higher threshold for restart of therapy after NA withdrawal improves the likelihood of HBsAg loss within 36 months in patients with HBeAg negative CHB. Further studies including only patients with HBsAg level <1000 IU/mL and/or larger sample size and longer follow‐up duration are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In total, 90 gelatinous spheres, averaging one meter in diameter, have been recorded from ~ 1985 to 2019 from the NE Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterranean Sea, using citizen science. More than 50% had a dark streak through center. They were recorded from the surface to ~ 60–70 m depth, mainly neutrally buoyant, in temperatures between 8 and 24°C. Lack of tissue samples has until now, prohibited confirmation of species. However, in 2019 scuba divers secured four tissue samples from the Norwegian coast. In the present study, DNA analysis using COI confirms species identity as the ommastrephid broadtail shortfin squid Illex coindetii (Vérany, 1839); these are the first confirmed records from the wild. Squid embryos at different stages were found in different egg masses: (1) recently fertilized eggs (stage ~ 3), (2) organogenesis (stages ~ 17–19 and ~ 23), and (3) developed embryo (stage ~ 30). Without tissue samples from each and every record for DNA corroboration we cannot be certain that all spherical egg masses are conspecific, or that the remaining 86 observed spheres belong to Illex coindetii. However, due to similar morphology and size of these spheres, relative to the four spheres with DNA analysis, we suspect that many of them were made by I. coindetii.