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Myopia is becoming more and more common all over the world, and the incidence of myopia is gradually increasing. Many treatments have been used to prevent and control myopia, including optics, drugs, environment or behavior, but the results are different and lack standardization. At present, many experiments have proved that peripheral defocus technology has a certain effect on myopia control. Based on this technology, three kinds of framed eyeglass lenses with peripheral defocus design, namely defocus incorporated multiple segments(DIMS), highly aspherical lenslets(HAL)and cylindrical annular reactive elements(CARE), are commonly used in medical and optometry institutions in China. These lenses provide not only clear vision in the central area, but also a certain amount of myopic defocus in the periphery to control the progression of myopia. This paper aims to focus on the design principle and myopia prevention and control effect of the above three peripheral defocus lenses, and evaluate their effectiveness in clinical practice.

AIM:To evaluate corrective effect and stability of corneal morphology in patients with moderate to high myopia after 2a treatment of femtosecond laser assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)Xtra.METHODS:Retrospective case-control study. A total of 30 cases(58 eyes)Patients with moderate to high myopia combined with astigmatism who planned to undergo refractive surgery in our hospital from August 2019 to August 2020 were included, and different types of surgery were performed respectively based on the relevant index of keratoconus screening in the preoperative corneal topography. They were divided into FS-LASIK group and Xtra group, with 15 cases(29 eyes)in each group. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), spherical equivalent(SE)and the corneal curvature of the anterior and posterior surfaces of different diameters(3, 5 and 7 mm)measured by Sirius three-dimensional corneal topography were observed preoperatively and 3 mo, 1 and 2 a postoperatively.RESULTS: The UCVA of the two groups of patients at different time points after surgery was significantly increased compared with preoperatively(both P0.05). After 2 a postoperatively, residual astigmatism was -0.25-0 D in 25 eyes(86%)of the FS-LASIK Xtra group and 24 eyes(83%)of the FS-LASIK group. The actual corrected SE and expected corrected SE of both groups were positively correlated(both P

Objective By collecting the patient information in the Colon Cancer Database of Peking Union Medical College Hospital since its establishment, we aim to demonstrate the completeness of the clinicopathological characteristics and follow-up data to provide reference for single-center database establishment. Methods We collected 33 surgical patient information entries from the single-center prospective registry database of Colon Cancer at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 5, 2016 to May 11, 2022, including demographic characteristics, features of the primary lesion, surgical and pathological information and postoperative complications, and calculated the missing rate of each entry as well as the follow-up data. Results A total of 1682 patients with colon cancer were included in the analysis, in which 981 patients were male and 701 patients were female, with an average age of (62.75±11.97) years. The postoperative complication rate was 15.6% (263/1682). Among the data entries, demographic features such as sex, age, ethnic group as well as the pathologic staging were collected without missing. The relatively high-missing entries were the colonoscopy tumor site with a missing rate of 12.2%, followed by immunohistochemical information of mismatch repair with a missing rate of 8.0%. The missing rate of all 33 entries was distributed in 0-12.2%, of which 81.8% (27/33) were less than 1% and 93.9% (31/33) were less than 5%. As for follow-up data, the percentage of patients with complete missing follow-up was 1.7%, which meant 98.3% patients had available survival data. The 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 4-year and 5-year follow-up rates of patients enrolled before July 2, 2020 (patients enrolled after this date did not have regular follow-up information in a uniform format due to data migration) were 55.02%, 70.96%, 72.02%, 65.42% and 70.91%, respectively, and the 2-year complete follow-up rate was 19.5%. Conclusion The low rate of missing statistical entries and the high follow-up rate of our center's database has certain reference value for database establishment, but there is still room for improvement in terms of continuous follow-up.

Asymmetric‐type UV photodetectors have attracted extensive interest for their applications in modern optoelectronics. Conventional fabrication approaches for asymmetric metal contacts typically cause damage at the metal‐semiconductor interface, leading to Fermi level pinning and further limiting barrier height adjustability and functionality. Herein, for the first time, van der Waals (vdW) asymmetric metal contact on wide bandgap semiconductor gallium‐nitride (GaN) is successfully fabricated and achieve the mitigation of Fermi level pinning effect through the formation of a damage‐free metal‐semiconductor interface. Scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals an atomically clean and sharp interface with a distinct vdW gap between the semiconductor and metal electrode. More importantly, the absence of interface damage effectively suppresses charge recombination and results in substantial enhancement in photoresponse characteristics, demonstrating an increased responsivity from 1.8 to 56.7 A W−1 along with a significantly improved response/recovery time from 545/115 to 420/20 ms and an ultralow dark current at the picoampere‐level compared to that of the photodetector with electrodes fabricated with traditional e‐beam evaporated technique. Such simultaneously enhanced responsivity and response speed overcome the responsivity‐speed trade‐off in asymmetric photodetectors and mark a milestone in integrating asymmetric metal contacts with semiconductors through a non‐destructive manner, offering unparalleled opportunities for developing high‐performance asymmetric optoelectronic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) worldwide is complicated and results in diagnostic delay. However, the diagnostic interval of IBD and the factors associated with diagnostic delay in patients in China have not been determined.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of hospitalized IBD patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1998 to January 2018. Patients were divided into non-delayed and delayed groups according to their diagnostic interval.Results: A total of 516 and 848 patients were confirmed to have Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), respectively. The median diagnostic intervals were 6 and 20 months in patients with UC and CD, respectively (P< 0.05). A decreasing trend in the diagnostic interval for IBD was observed over time, from 9 months to 1 month in UC patients and from 30 months to 3 months in CD patients. The longest diagnostic interval was 29.5 months in CD patients with first symptoms at the age of 51– 60 years and 12.5 months in UC patients at the age of 41– 50 years. In patients with CD, intestinal obstruction (OR=2.71), comorbid diabetes (OR=4.42), and appendectomy history (OR=2.18) were risk factors for diagnostic delay, whereas having fever as the first symptom may reduce its risk (OR=0.39). In patients with UC, the misdiagnosis of chronic enteritis (OR=2.10) was a risk factor for diagnostic delay.Conclusion: The diagnostic interval for IBD has decreased over the years. Some clinical manifestations, such as initial symptoms and age at symptom onset, may help to shorten this interval. Diseases such as tuberculosis and infectious enteritis should be considered during differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Jiaolin. Zhou, Bangbo. Zhao, Huizhong. Qiu, Yi. Xiao, Guole. Lin, Huadan. Xue, Yu. Xiao, Beizhan. Niu, Xiyu. Sun, Junyang. Lu, Lai. Xu, Guannan. Zhang, Bin. Wu Context: Retrorectal tumours [...]

The elementary electronic‐logic‐gates, performing basic logic functions using electric signals as input, act as a building block of modern digital circuits. Intriguingly, the optoelectronic‐logic‐gates (OLGs), composed of optical devices, are emerging as a new logic platform which enables faster and large‐capacity data transmission and processing by using photons as input. However, the strict operation principle of classic optical devices, for example, the unidirectional photoresponse of the photodetector, restricts the functional enrichment of OLGs. Herein, reprogrammable OLGs in a photoelectrochemical (PEC)‐environment are reported by employing gallium‐nitride semiconductor p–n nanowires as photoelectrodes where bidirectional photocurrent is achieved, leading to the demonstration of various binary OLGs including "NOT", "XOR", and "OR". Strikingly, thanks to the versatile tunability of PEC‐photoelectrodes, the logic function of these OLGs is switchable by simply adjusting programming inputs including light intensity, bias voltage, electrolyte condition, and the physicochemical properties of the nanowire surface. Most importantly, unique ternary OLGs, for example, ternary "OR" gates, can also be realized based on binary ones by just tuning their applied bias for higher logic complexity applications, without changing the device architecture. Such reprogrammable binary and ternary OLGs could provide a new avenue toward next‐generation logic circuits for fast computing and data‐processing in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safety of water supply networks has always been a concern. The biofilm attached on the pipes will fall into pipe water when disturbed, which is a potential threat to human health. Particulate matter can contain bacteria, and most bacteria in water will adhere to the surface of particulate matter, are not easy to kill using disinfectants. Therefore, the effect of particulate matter and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the stability of biofilm was investigated. This study revealed that biofilm without particulate matter had the highest biomass, at an order of magnitude higher than biofilm with particulate matter and bacteria, while biofilm with abundant particulate matter and bacteria were more stable. The effect of shear stress on the biofilm attached on the pipes was investigated through rotational speed experiments, and the results implied that the collision between bacterial polymers increased with an increase in rotational speed and the formation of stale biofilm adhered inside the pipes. Further, instead of protein and fatty chains, the hydroxyl bonds played vital roles in the combination of particulate matter and EPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study was to compare the prevalence of stoma‐related complications and stoma reversal perioperative complications of patients with low‐lying rectal cancer who received preventative loop ileostomy and those who underwent loop transverse colostomy. Methods: This retrospective single‐center study analyzed the clinicopathologic and surgical data of 288 patients with pathologically proven primary rectal cancer who underwent anterior resection with either preventative loop ileostomy (n = 82) or loop transverse colostomy. To achieve comparability of a propensity score matching method was used to match patients from each group in a 1:2 ratio. Determinants of stoma‐related complications were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Forty‐nine (74.3%) patients in the loop ileostomy group experienced stoma‐related complications versus 48.7% in the loop transverse colostomy group (P < 0.01). Irritant dermatitis was the most frequent complication in both groups. The loop ileostomy group had a significantly higher rate (24.24%) of stoma reversal perioperative complications than the loop transverse colostomy group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ileostomy versus loop transverse colostomy was a significant independent risk for stoma‐related complications and stoma reversal perioperative complications. Furthermore, by Clavien–Dindo classification, patients receiving loop ileostomy had an overall higher rate of complications and stoma reversal perioperative complications versus those undergoing loop transverse colostomy (P < 0.01). The rate of grade II complications was significantly higher in the loop ileostomy group (43.9%) than that of loop transverse colostomy group (13.5%, P < 0.01), whereas the rate of grade I, and grade IIIa and IIIb complications and stoma reversal perioperative complications was comparable between the two groups. Conclusion: The study has demonstrated that loop transverse colostomy is associated with significantly lower rates of stoma‐related complications and stoma reversal perioperative complications compared to loop transverse colostomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the polypeptide powder of Aronia melanocarpa was taken as the research object for investigating its in vitro antioxidant function and its effect on the immune function of mice. By measuring the transformation of spleen lymphocytes, delayed-type hypersensitivity, serum hemolysin and other indicators of mice, it was found that compared with the negative control group, the high-dose group had significantly increased delayed-type hypersensitivity (P=0.009), antibody-producing ability (P=0.046), serum hemolysin level (P=0.040), carbon clearance ability (P=0.001) and NK cell activity (P=0.018); the medium-dose significantly enhanced the proliferation ability of spleen lymphocytes in mice (P=0.038); the low-dose could enhance the carbon clearance ability in mice (P=0.042); Secondly, through the analyses using the DPPH free radical assay, and hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical kits, it was found that the half-scavenging concentrations, IC50 values were 0.07 mg/mL, 13.91 mg/mL, and 10.00 mg/mL, respectively, and the total antioxidant capacity was 72.76 U/mL. The scavenging rates for DPPH free radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anion free radicals were all dose-dependent with the concentration of berry polypeptide. The research results showed that the polypeptide powder of Aronia melanocarpa not only can enhance the immune function of mice, but also exhibits certain antioxidant function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on clarifying the regulation of chicken 14-3-3σ protein on the fibrous histiocyte proliferation caused by ALV-J-SD1005 strain infection. DF-1 cells were inoculated with 102 TCID50 of ALV-J-SD1005 strain; the cell proliferation viability was dramatically increased and 14-3-3σ expressions were dramatically decreased within 48 h after inoculation. Chicken 14-3-3σ over-expression could significantly decrease the cell proliferation and the ratio of S-phase cells, but increase the ratio of G2/M-phase cells in ALV-J-infected DF-1 cells; by contrast, chicken 14-3-3σ knockdown expression could cause the opposite effects. Additionally, chicken 14-3-3σ over-expression could also dramatically down-regulate the expressions of CDK2/CDC2, but up-regulate p53 expressions in the DF-1 cells; in contrast, the knockdown expression could significantly increase the expressions of CDK2/CDC2 and decrease p53 expressions. It can be concluded that chicken 14-3-3σ can inhibit cell proliferation and cell cycle by regulating CDK2/CDC2/p53 expressions in ALV-J-infected DF1 cells. ALV-J-SD1005 strain can promote cell proliferation by reducing 14-3-3σ expressions. This study helps to clarify the forming mechanism of acute fibrosarcoma induced by ALV-J infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the primary method of identifying high‐ and low‐quality liquors is sensory tasting, which is prone to uncertainty caused by the biases of tasters. To address this problem, this study used color, aroma, taste, and style as four factors affecting the sensory quality of Luzhou‐flavor liquor; determined the weights of each factor; and quantitatively evaluated the sensory quality of five different Luzhou flavor liquor using fuzzy mathematical methods. The volatile aromatic substances in the liquor samples were detected by GC‐MS, and analyzed using principal component analysis. The results obtained from fuzzy mathematics and principal component analysis indicated that the comprehensive evaluation system was scientifically sound and reasonably constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging photoelectrochemical‐type photodetector (PEC‐PD), because of its unique device architecture by using an aqueous electrolyte, is naturally applicable in the pursuit of underwater optical communication without sophisticated device packaging and assembling. Unfortunately, the traditional PEC detecting process typically involves a large electrochemical workstation with long cables and wire connections for photo signal acquisition, which hinders its applications in wireless optical communication. In this work, an AlGaN nanowire‐based self‐powered PEC‐PD is fabricated that uses seawater as an electrolyte, and then an optical communication system including the PEC‐PD and a portable electrochemical workstation as the signal receiver for data communication is built. Essentially, the self‐power PEC‐PD shows a high responsivity of −15.5 mA W–1, a fast response/recovery time of ≈100 ms, and high stability operation in the seawater electrolyte. Foremost, the optical communication system shows high accuracy in wireless transmission of ASCII code signals in a seawater environment. Such a demonstration offers a new device architecture for possible under‐seawater communication systems by leveraging the unique operation principle of photoelectrochemical devices in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 296 strains of protease-producing bacteria were isolated and purified from medium-temperature Daqu produced by ZhangGong LaoJiu Wine Co. Ltd. After calculating the ratio of transparent ring diameter to colony diameter and measuring the protease activities, a strain of high-yield protease bacteria, called DW-7, was screened out with a protease activity of 99.54 U/mL. Through morphological observation, 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and physiological and biochemical tests, the isolated bacteria DW-7 was determined to be Bacillus velezensis. In addition, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), using PacBio and the Illumina platform, was performed. Gene annotation was then conducted using the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Non-Redundant Protein Sequence Database (NR), and Gene Ontology (GO) databases. The results showed that the genome of DW-7 was 3,942,829 bp long with a GC content of 46.45%. A total of 3,662 protein-encoding genes were predicted, with a total length of 3,402,822 bp. Additionally, 2,283; 2,796; and 2,127 genes were annotated in the COG, KEGG, and GO databases, respectively. A total of 196 high-yield protease genes were mainly enriched in the metabolism of alanine, aspartic acid, glutamate, glycine, serine, and threonine, as well as ABC transporter and transporter pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sludge resource utilization and the high value-added development are environmentally friendly means for sludge treatment. With its rich organic substances and metals content, sludge can replace activated carbon and become a widely used carbon-based material, such as sludge-based activated carbon (SBAC). Meanwhile, as a heterogeneous catalyst, sludge-based catalyst (SBC) can solve the requirements of traditional Fenton catalysts for pH, metal ion leaching, and catalyst recycling. In this paper, combining the properties of SBAC/SBCs, the characteristics of the three methods of activation, support, and hydrothermal preparation of SBAC/SBCs are reviewed. In general, it is necessary to select an appropriate preparation method based on pollutants and environmental treatment goals. Furthermore, compared with other catalysts, SBC heterogeneous oxidation has obvious advantages in refractory organic pollutants. And the reaction mechanism usually involves SO4·-, ·OH, O2·-, and 1O2 processes. Finally, some possible directions for future research involving environmentally friendly SBAC/SBCs are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The richness and diversity of bacterial community in the fermented pit mud from the new and old distilleries of Shedian Liquor were analysed via the Illumina Miseq PE300 high-throughput sequencing technology, so as to further understand the differences of bacterial community structure in fermented pit muds with different pit ages. The results show that the bacterial community is mainly distributed into five dominant phyla (> 1.0%): Firmicutes, Synergistes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. There are 13 dominant genera (> 1.0%), of which Lactobacillus is dominant in both samples with a higher content in the new pit (61.12%) and lower in the old pit (1.15%). Caproiciproducens accounting for 43.53% and Syntrophomonas accounting for 6.20%, norank_f__Family_XIV (17.68%), Aminobacterium (17.68%), Sedimentibacter (1.89%), Caldicoprobacter (1.52%) and Sporanaerobacter (1.29%) are the dominant bacteria in the old pit mud. Bacillus accounting for 6.02%, Bacteroides (6.27%), Akkermansia (1.51%), Hydrogenispora (2.15%) and norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24-7_group (1.15%) are the dominant bacteria in the new pit mud. The results showed that there is a great difference in the bacterial community structure of in the new and old pit mud. In addition, compared with the bacterial community composition in the pit mud of Luzhou flavour Baijiu in Sichuan, it was found that the microorganisms that formed caproic acid and butyric acid were different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physicochemical indexes of bag Daqu and brick Daqu were studied. With high-throughput sequencing technology the bacterial community structure of bag Daqu and brick Daqu samples were analyzed. The results showed that the moisture content, acidity, starch content and other physicochemical indexes of brick Daqu and bag Daqu were within the standard range of finished Daqu. Compared with bag Daqu, the moisture content and fermentation power of brick Daqu were higher and the difference was significant; the saccharification power, liquefaction power, esterification power and fermentation power brick Daqu were higher, the acidity and starch content of brick Daqu were lower and the difference was very significant; the starch content was not much different. With the average relative abundance of 0. 05% as the threshold, the dominant bacteria of the bag Daqu and brick Daqu were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. There was one more Bacteroidetes in the dominant bacteria of he brick Daqu than in bag Daqu. With the average relative abundance of 1. 00% as the threshold, the predominant bacterial genus of bag Daqu were Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Acinetobacter, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and the predominant bacterial genus of brick Daqu were Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pantoea, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Lactococcus. In this study, Barnesiella was discovered from the brick Daqu for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drop‐on‐demand inkjet‐printing has the advantages of high cost‐effectiveness and powerful patterning ability, which can be a promising technique for perovskite pattern deposition. However, by far most of the reported works using inkjet‐printing for perovskite films fabrication are printing solvent‐rich wet precursor layers on the high‐temperature meso‐TiO2 substrate, and subsequently require a vacuum‐assisted thermal annealing process to enhance the crystallization of perovskite precursor, which largely elevates fabrication cost and process complexity. Herein, a heat‐assisted inkjet‐printing process is developed to directly print compact and uniform crystalline perovskite films on the planar PEDOT:PSS substrate under ambient condition. The effects of precursor composition, printing temperature, solvent system, and, especially, the printing parameters on the final morphology and microstructure of the printed perovskite films are systematically studied for the first time and the related crystal growth models are revealed, which provide a constructive guidance for the future studies on ambient inkjet‐printed perovskite films and devices. Based on these studies, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.6% for the ambient printed PSC devices is achieved. This work provides a reliable and cost‐effective approach for the scalable fabrication of perovskite films with a low material consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the effective degradation of tetracycline (TC), a facilely prepared magnetic CuFe 2 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 (CFO/g) photocatalyst was successfully constructed. The structure, morphology, composition, optical, and magnetic properties of CFO/g were characterized. CFO/g demonstrated excellent photo-Fenton performance of TC in the presence of high-Cl-, NO 3 −, HCO 3 −, HPO 4 2−, SO 4 2− and humic acid. Ten cycles of experiments with the removal rate of TC only decreasing by 2.8% confirmed the stability and high activity of CFO/g. The dissolved concentrations of Fe and Cu ions were 0.013 and 0.009 mg L−1, respectively. Its excellent magnetic properties made CFO/g easier to be recycled than traditional catalysts. ·OH and O 2 ·- were proposed to be the main active species in the photo-Fenton system. The CFO/g heterojunction enhanced the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and visible light absorption range. Furthermore, the identification of intermediates suggested that TC degradation was classified into two pathways, and the most critical and rapid degradation was achieved within the first 30 min. The TC and its intermediates did not significantly inhibit the growth activity of Escherichia coli. This research provided a promising application of magnetic photocatalysts in wastewater treatment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. [Display omitted] • A magnetic photocatalyst was constructed with an excellent visible light response. • CuFe 2 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 exhibited efficient tetracycline removal under high-salt conditions. • CuFe 2 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 exhibited efficient tetracycline removal in the presence of anions. • Excellent magnetic properties of CuFe 2 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 facilitated its recycling. • Removal mechanism and intermediates of tetracycline were demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]