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To enrich the flavor and nutritional efficacy of soymilk powder, this study investigated the effects of adding different ratios of pea peptides on the quality, nutrition and flavor of soymilk powder. The reconstitutability of soymilk powder was examined based on solubility and caking rate, and its in vitro bioactive functions were evaluated in terms of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and cholesterol scavenging capacity. The changes in the structural properties and flavor quality of soymilk powder caused by addition of pea peptides were explored by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nanoparticle size analyzer, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the addition of 30% pea peptides to soymilk powder increased the protein content by 13.05% and solubility by 11.23%, decreased the caking rate by 4.20%, enhanced the DPPH radical and cholesterol scavenging capacity by 19.84% and 21.25%, respectively, and significantly improved the reconstitutability in hot water at 70 ℃. The structural analysis results revealed that pea peptide addition altered the secondary structure of proteins, reduced the average particle size, and resulted in more uniform particle size distribution in reconstituted soymilk, thereby improving the solubility of soymilk powder. Additionally, pea peptide addition changed the concentrations of the key flavor components geranylacetone, myristic acid, 3-methylthiopropanal, 2-methylpyrazine and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine in reconstituted soymilk, while decreasing the concentrations of off-flavor substances, such as hexanal, trans-2-nonenal, nonanal, n-hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol and naphthalene.

Processing in Memory based on memristors is considered the most effective solution to overcome the Von Neumann bottleneck issue and has become a hot research topic. The execution efficiency of logical computation and in-memory data transmission is crucial for Processing in Memory. This paper presents a design scheme for data transmission and multi-bit multipliers within MAT (a data storage set in MPU) based on the memristive alternating crossbar array structure. Firstly, to improve the data transfer efficiency, we reserve the edge row and column of the array as assistant cells for OR AND (OA) and AND data transmission logic operations to reduce the data transfer steps. Furthermore, we convert the multipliers into multi-bit addition operations via Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) logical operations, which effectively improves the execution efficiency of multipliers. PSpice simulation shows that the proposed data transmission and multi-bit multiplier solution has lower latency and power consumption and higher efficiency and flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the key anode reaction of electrolytic water. To improve the slow OER kinetics, we synthesize nanoflower‐like Co−Fe‐Cr−Mo‐Mn high‐entropy spinel (HES) nanosheets on nickel foam (NF) by one‐step solvothermal method, which exhibit an overpotential (η10) of only 188 mV at 10 mA cm−2, much lower than bimetallic CoFeOx/NF (233 mV), trimetallic CoFeCrOx/NF (211 mV), and tetrametallic CoFeCrMoOx/NF (200 mV). The OER overpotential decreases with the increase of the number of metals, indicating that the formation of HES has a positive effect on the improvement of electrocatalytic performance, since the synergistic effect between different metals enhances the charge transfer rate and decreases reaction barrier. In‐situ Raman spectra demonstrate that the formation of γ‐NiOOH on the HES surface is a crucial active species for the OER. This work demonstrates a simple and efficient synthesis method to prepare nanoflower‐like high‐entropy electrocatalysts for efficient OER electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays an important role in many electrocatalysis-related fields. However, the slow kinetics of the OER seriously hinders energy efficiency. Here, we synthesize flower-like Co–Fe–Cr–Mo medium-entropy spinel (MES) nanosheets on nickel foam (NF) using one-step solvothermal method for the OER. Due to high stability and compositional diversity, the CoFeCrMoOx/NF catalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic OER performance with an overpotential of only 196 mV at 10 mA cm–2 in 1.0 M KOH solution, much lower than CoFeCrMnOx/NF, CoFeCrCeOx/NF, CoFeCrSnOx/NF, CoFeCrAlOx/NF, and commercial IrO2 catalysts, reflecting that the formation of flower-like MES has a positive effect on the improvement of OER performance. The introduction of Mo increases active sites, promotes electron transfer, accelerates the adsorption and desorption of the OER intermediates, reduces the energy barrier, and thus improves the performance of the OER. In situ Raman spectra indicate that the surface CoOOH and FeOOH species are important active components for the OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As folates are essential for embryonic development and growth, it is necessary to accurately determine the levels of folates in plasma and red blood cells (RBCs) for clinical intervention. The aims of this study were to develop and validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for quantitation of folates in plasma and RBCs and to examine the association between plasma and RBC folate concentrations and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE). With the in-house developed LC-MS/MS, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The healthy pregnant women of first- (n = 147), second- (n = 84) and third-trimester (n = 141) or the women diagnosed with GDM (n = 84), GH (n = 58) or PE (n = 23), that were aged between 22 and 46 years old and registered at our institute, were subjected for measurement of folic acid (FA) and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), followed by appropriate statistical association analysis. The assay for simultaneous quantitation of FA and 5-MTHF in plasma and RBCs was linear, stable, with imprecision less than 15% and recoveries within ±10%. The lower limits of quantification for FA and 5-MTHF measurement in whole blood were 0.57 and 1.09 nmol/L, and in plasma were 0.5 and 1 nmol/L, respectively. In the association analysis, the patients with lower RBC folate level (<906 nmol/L) presented higher risks of PE development (OR 4.861 [95% CI 1.411–16.505]) by logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression in a nonlinear fashion. In addition, higher level of plasma folates in pregnancy was significantly associated with GH risk but may be protective for the development of GDM. The in-house developed LC-MS/MS method for folates and metabolites in plasma or RBC showed satisfactory analytical performance for clinical application. Further, the levels of folates and metabolites were diversely associated with GDM, GH and PE development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-entropy materials (HEMs) have potential application value in electrocatalytic water splitting because of their unique alloy design concept and significant mixed entropy effect. Here, we synthesize a high-entropy Ni–Fe–Cr–Mn–Co (oxy)hydroxide on nickel foam (NF) by a solvothermal method. The flower-like structure of FeNiCrMnCoOOH/NF can provide abundant active sites, thus improving the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. In 1 M KOH, the FeNiCrMnCoOOH/NF shows an ultra-low overpotential (η10) of 201 mV for the OER, superior to FeNiCrMnAlOOH/NF, FeNiCrMnCuOOH/NF, FeNiCrMnMoOOH/NF, and FeNiCrMnCeOOH/NF. In addition, it exhibits a low η10 of 223 mV in 0.5 M NaCl + 1 M KOH and excellent stability. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements indicate that the synergistic effect between multiple metals accelerates charge transfer, while in situ Raman measurements reveal that NiOOH is a key active species for the OER. This work is of great significance for the construction of high-entropy (oxy)hydroxides for seawater electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]