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Presents the guidelines for follow up after the resection of colorectal cancer. Prevalence and incidence; Intervention; Process of follow-up; Implications for medical care.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to conduct storage studies on the moisture sorption and caking properties of lactose powder containing different polymorphs (i.e. α-monohydrate, α-anhydrous unstable, α-anhydrous stable, β-anhydrous) and spray-dried lactose. The dry sample was compacted using a texture analyzer in paper cylinders and stored at relative humidity (RH) of 33%, 43%, 57% and 75% (25°C, for 3 months). The samples were monitored for weight gain, moisture content, α/β balance and hardness. A simple new method of powder compression for measuring the degree of hardness of caked lactose was developed using a texture analyzer. Clear distinctions were found in the storage behavior of the five different samples. Storage at various RHs caused severe caking to β-lactose anhydrous and spray-dried lactose. The β-lactose anhydrous was hygroscopic at 75% RH. The spray-dried lactose, which contained some amorphous lactose, was hygroscopic at all RHs studied. Its moisture sorption behavior differed from that of its major component, α-lactose monohydrate, by initially absorbing moisture then desorbing. α-Lactose monohydrate was less hygroscopic at 75% RH and it formed friable cakes. The α-lactose anhydrous stable was hygroscopic at 75% RH and initially formed hard cakes which became friable during storage. The unstable form of anhydrous α-lactose was hygroscopic at all levels of RH studied but did not cake. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]