Search

Background It is of great importance to standardize labor management for ensuring maternal and neonatal safety. Since the publication of the new stage of labor, the definition of prolonged labor has not been emphasized and it is recommended to minimize interventions during labor, therefore, the number of pregnant women with labor over 24 h is increased compared to the previous. Objective To analyze the risk factors and maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with labor over 24 h and discuss the labor management under the new stage of labor. Methods The clinical data of pregnant women received maternity examination and delivered at Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from January to December 2022 were collected in the retrospective study. A total of 40 single birth pregnant women with normal fetal position and prolonged total labor (more than 24 h) were selected as the observational group, and 95 single birth pregnant women with normal fetal position and normal total labor (less than 24 h) were selected as the control group. The age, BMI, gestational age of delivery, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, neonatal body mass, labor condition, analgesic delivery rate and delivery intervention rate of the two groups were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for total labor over 24 h. The maternal and neonatal outcomes including intrapartum fever, amniotic fluid contamination, mediolateral episiotomy, vaginal instrumental delivery, cervical laceration, postpartum hemorrhage, manual removal of placenta, fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia and referral to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were compared to screen the risk factors and analyse the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women with labor over 24 h. Results There were no significant differences in age, BMI, gestational age of delivery, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus and neonate body mass between the two groups (P>0.05). The first stage of labor, second stage of labor and total labor were longer and the rates of labor analgesia and labor intervention were higher in the observational group than the control group (P0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, vaginal instrumental delivery and fetal distress between the two groups (P>0.05) ; the incidence of intrapartum fever, amniotic fluid contamination, mediolateral episiotomy, vaginal instrumental delivery, cervical laceration and referral to NICU in the observational group was higher than the control group (P

Oblivious transfer protocol, an important technology in secure multi-party computation, is the research hotspot on network and information security.Based on the bilinear pairs and the difficult problems on elliptic curves, an efficient 1-out-of-N oblivious transfer protocol in the semi-honest model and in the standard malicious model were proposed respectively.The protocol in semi-honest model was designed.It only needed two rounds of interaction.The receiver needed two times of bilinear pair arithmetic and one time of multi point arithmetic, and the sender needed n times of multi point arithmetic and n times of modular exponentiation.The security of the protocol was based on the discrete logarithm problem on elliptic curves.A zero-knowledge proof protocol and the oblivious transfer protocol in the standard malicious model were proposed respectively.The oblivious transfer protocol only needed four rounds of interaction.The receiver needed three times of bilinear pair arithmetic and three times of multi point arithmetic, and the sender needed n+1 times of multi point arithmetic and n+1 times of modular exponentiation.Besides, it can resist malicious behaviors of the party.The results show that the average running time of the protocol in the semi-honest model and in the standard malicious model were 0.787 9 s and 1.205 6 s respectively, which can further demonstrate the efficiency of the protocol.

Egg-laying mammals (monotremes) are the only extant mammalian outgroup to therians (marsupial and eutherian animals) and provide key insights into mammalian evolution1,2. Here we generate and analyse reference genomes of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) and echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus), which represent the only two extant monotreme lineages. The nearly complete platypus genome assembly has anchored almost the entire genome onto chromosomes, markedly improving the genome continuity and gene annotation. Together with our echidna sequence, the genomes of the two species allow us to detect the ancestral and lineage-specific genomic changes that shape both monotreme and mammalian evolution. We provide evidence that the monotreme sex chromosome complex originated from an ancestral chromosome ring configuration. The formation of such a unique chromosome complex may have been facilitated by the unusually extensive interactions between the multi-X and multi-Y chromosomes that are shared by the autosomal homologues in humans. Further comparative genomic analyses unravel marked differences between monotremes and therians in haptoglobin genes, lactation genes and chemosensory receptor genes for smell and taste that underlie the ecological adaptation of monotremes.

Capsaicin bestows spiciness by activating TRPV1 channel with exquisite potency and selectivity. Although a capsaicin-bound channel structure was previously resolved by cryo-EM at 4.2- to 4.5-Å resolution, capsaicin was registered as a small electron density, reflecting neither its chemical structure nor specific ligand-channel interactions--important details required for mechanistic understanding. We obtained the missing atomic-level details by iterative computation and confirmed them by systematic site-specific functional tests. We observed that the bound capsaicin takes a 'tail-up, head-down' configuration. The vanillyl and amide groups form specific interactions to anchor its bound position, while the aliphatic tail may sample a range of conformations, making it invisible in cryo-EM images. Capsaicin stabilizes TRPV1's open state by 'pull-and-contact' interactions between the vanillyl group and the S4-S5 linker. Our study provides a structural mechanism for the agonistic function of capsaicin and its analogs, and demonstrates an effective approach to obtain atomic-level information from cryo-EM structures.