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2. LDConv: Linear deformable convolution for improving convolutional neural networks

Author

Zhang, Xin, Song, Yingze, Song, Tingting, Yang, Degang, Ye, Yichen, Zhou, Jie, and Zhang, Liming

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Neural networks based on convolutional operations have achieved remarkable results in the field of deep learning, but there are two inherent flaws in standard convolutional operations. On the one hand, the convolution operation is confined to a local window, so it cannot capture information from other locations, and its sampled shapes is fixed. On the other hand, the size of the convolutional kernel are fixed to k $\times$ k, which is a fixed square shape, and the number of parameters tends to grow squarely with size. Although Deformable Convolution (Deformable Conv) address the problem of fixed sampling of standard convolutions, the number of parameters also tends to grow in a squared manner. In response to the above questions, the Linear Deformable Convolution (LDConv) is explored in this work, which gives the convolution kernel an arbitrary number of parameters and arbitrary sampled shapes to provide richer options for the trade-off between network overhead and performance. In LDConv, a novel coordinate generation algorithm is defined to generate different initial sampled positions for convolutional kernels of arbitrary size. To adapt to changing targets, offsets are introduced to adjust the shape of the samples at each position. LDConv corrects the growth trend of the number of parameters for standard convolution and Deformable Conv to a linear growth. Moreover, it completes the process of efficient feature extraction by irregular convolutional operations and brings more exploration options for convolutional sampled shapes. Object detection experiments on representative datasets COCO2017, VOC 7+12, and VisDrone-DET2021 fully demonstrate the advantages of LDConv. LDConv is a plug-and-play convolutional operation that can replace the convolutional operation to improve network performance. The code for the relevant tasks can be found at https://github.com/CV-ZhangXin/LDConv., Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures

Published
2023
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10. Strategic Study on the Development of Space Science in China and Proposals for Future Missions

Author

WANG Chi, SONG Tingting, LI Ming, and CAO Song

Subjects
Space science, Space missions, Space exploration, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract

Since 2011, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has implemented the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science (SPP). A series of scientific satellites have been developed and launched, such as Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE), Quantum Experiments at Space Scale (QUESS), Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S), Einstein Probe (EP), and significant scientific outcomes have been achieved. In order to plan the future space science missions in China, CAS has organized the Chinese space science community to conduct medium and long-term development strategy studies, and summarized the major scientific frontiers of space science as “One Black, Two Dark, Three Origins and Five Characterizations”. Five main scientific themes have been identified for China’s future breakthroughs, including the Extreme Universe, Space-Time Ripples, the Panoramic View of the Sun and Earth, the Habitable Planets, and Biological & Physical Science in Space. Space science satellite missions to be implemented before 2030 are proposed accordingly.

Published
2024
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33. Structural properties and immunomodulatory activity of an α-glucan purified from the fruiting body of Stropharia rugosoannulata

Author

Zhang Zuofa, Song Tingting, Lv Guoying, Liu Jie, and Jin Qunli

Subjects
Stropharia rugosoannulata, Structural properties, α-d-Glucan, Immunomodulatory activity, Agriculture
Abstract

Abstract A novel polysaccharide PSRa-2 was purified from Stropharia rugosoannulata fruiting bodies using high pressure homogenization-assisted dual enzyme method, ion exchange, and gel chromatography. The PSRa-2 was characterized via FT-IR, HPAEC, SEM, Congo red test, SEC–MALLS-RI, methylation analysis, and NMR analysis. Structural characterization revealed that PSRa-2 was an α-glucan with a Mw 455.6 kDa. The backbone of PSRa-2 was composed of →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ and →3)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ and branches of α-d-Glcp-(1→ at position O-6 of →4,6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→. PSRa-2 induced splenocyte proliferation and protected splenocytes against 5-Fu-induced immunosuppression by restoring the proliferation and secretion of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-2) secretion levels. Thus, PSRa-2 exhibits obviously immunomodulatory activity and represents a potential natural immunomodulator. Graphical Abstract

Published
2023
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50. Protective effect of polysaccharide from the artificially cultivated Sanghuangporus vaninii against H2O2-induced toxicity in vitro and in zebrafish models

Author

Zhang Zuofa, Lv Guoying, Shen Meng, Song Tingting, and Peng Juan

Subjects
Sanghuangporus vaninii, Purified polysaccharide, Antioxidant activity, Zebrafish, L929 cells, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

PFSV-2 is a purified polysaccharide with good hypolipidemic activity from artificially cultivated Sanghuangporus vaninii. In this study, PFSV-2 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, zeta potential, thermogravimetric analysis and the Congo red test. To assess the protective effect of PFSV-2, H2O2-induced oxidant injury on L929 cells and larval zebrafish models was employed. PFSV-2 significantly reduced H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in L929 cells by decreasing intracellular ROS levels and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, PFSV-2 had an obvious protective effect against H2O2-stimulated oxidative stress in larval zebrafish by decreasing heart rate and reducing ROS generation and cells death. Additionally, PFSV-2 decreased the production of MDA and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT in both L929 cells and larval zebrafish. These results suggested that PFSV-2 may be useful as an antioxidant in the medical and cosmetic industries.

Published
2023
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