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Integration of distributed generation (DG) into distribution networks may affect many different factors, such as network reliability, voltage quality and network planning. Network regulation, therefore, is needed to provide the distribution system operators (DSOs) with fair business, meanwhile protecting the consumers and producers from any potential exploitation by the DSOs because of their monopoly situation. EU Member States have implemented different regulations, but there is no consensus yet as to what is the most appropriate mechanism for a successful and efficient integration of DG in distribution grids. This paper reviews the state-of-art of the regulatory frameworks for the integration of DG in some EU countries, and methods to model the regulation impact on DG integration in distribution systems. For each regulatory scheme, the main critical issues concerning DG integration are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A large penetration of renewable energy sources with volatile power generation imposes new challenges for efficient restoration of the power system after a blackout. Prolonged power outages are also characterized be uncertain load conditions due to cold load phenomena. To meet this challenge, this paper deals with the problem of how to restore a transmission system after a blackout under uncertain load conditions and volatile power generation. The main contribution is a approximate method which minimizes the expected dissipated power under random current injection and maximizes the short circuit power under random generator generator introduction. The method is demonstrated in a numerical example on the Nordic32 400 kV transmission system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]