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Objective Background Method Results Conclusion Implications Joining efforts to reveal how fathers affect their children's social competence, we examined whether fathers' rejection sensitivity was associated with biases in their children's social information processing. We also explored whether this link was indirect via biases in fathers' social information processing of their children's peer interactions and, in particular, fathers' behavioral responses.Children's social information processing biases predict their social competence and well‐being. Studies have explored how mothers' rejection sensitivity may impact children's social information processing. Yet, little is known about the role of fathers in this context.Participants were 85 fathers living in Israel (68.24% Jewish; 31.76% Arab) and their kindergarten children (55.29% female; MChild age in months = 68.70, SD = 5.59). Fathers completed the Adult Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire and reported their attributions, emotions, and likely behaviors in ambiguous hypothetical scenarios that might suggest a rejection of their child by peers using the Peer Rejection Scenarios measure. Children were interviewed using the Social Information Processing Interview–Preschool Version, tapping hypothetical peer interactions.Fathers' rejection sensitivity was indirectly related to children's generation of maladaptive responses to ambiguous peer interactions through fathers' reports of their more negative emotions and overinvolved behavioral responses.Results underscore the role of fathers' rejection sensitivity and emotional and behavioral responses in children's social information processing.The study points to the need to consider paternal rejection sensitivity in research and interventions focused on promoting children's social competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although trust within the entrepreneurial team is critical for its success, we have limited insights into the antecedents of a founder's trust in the team. Taking a social information processing perspective, we theorize how entrepreneurial team narratives can play an important role in building a founder's cognition‐based trust in the team. We hypothesize that the team‐level structural dimensions of diversity and distinctiveness of topics in entrepreneurial team narratives are positively related to a founder's cognition‐based trust in the team and that these relationships are less positive when the founder perceives higher levels of resource scarcity. To test our hypotheses, we apply an automated topic modeling approach to quantitatively analyze interview and survey data from 102 founders across 43 complete entrepreneurial teams. Our study has implications for research on trust in entrepreneurial teams and entrepreneurial narratives, as well as methodological implications for using topic modeling to analyze other texts in entrepreneurship research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the perspective of the hidden object in knowledge hiding of higher education institutions (HEIs), this article explores how HEI students' perceived knowledge hiding (PKH) affects their knowledge resources in the form of academic creativity and academic performance. Based on social information processing (SIP) theory, we investigate the mediating role of perceived social undermining (PSU) and the moderating role of proactive personality. Using time-lag data from 306 HEI students collected in China, we found that PKH was a strong predictor of PSU, and PSU mediated the negative relationship between PKH and academic creativity and academic performance. In addition, proactive personality not only played a moderating role between PKH and PSU, but also moderated the negative indirect effect of PKH on academic creativity and academic performance (through PSU). Overall, our research expands the literature on the consequences of knowledge hiding from the victim's perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The main purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of social information processing, self-regulation, and metacognition variables on ToM using path analysis. Methods: For this purpose, path analysis was conducted for the model established according to the relationships between the variables. Theory of mind task battery (ToMTB), Metacognitive Knowledge Interview (McKI), Schultz Test of Emotion Processing—Preliminary Version (STEP-P), and self-regulation scale were administered to 310 children aged 3–5 years. Results: The results show that social information processing (except STEP-P.P.B, one of the sub-dimensions of the STEP-P scale) has a significant effect on ToM through metacognition and self-regulation. Conclusions: In this context, it can be said that social information processing, metacognition, and self-regulation are effective in the development of ToM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are employees more likely to identify with their organization and engage in helping behaviors on its behalf if the coworkers who make up their social networks identify and help the organization? We draw on social information processing theory, social learning theory, and research on diffusion of innovation to develop a model that predicts how relational (advice ties) and structural (structural equivalence) factors predict organizational identification and organizational citizenship. We argue that OI is neither a matter of individual perceptions generated in isolation, nor a simple function of the number of ties that an employee has, but that it is instead an outcome of relations and interactions with coworkers, as reflected in the social structure of the employing organization. We tested our model by conducting a social network study of employees in a construction company. Our findings show that (1) employees tend to have similar levels of OI to the OI of their advice ties; (2) employees who are structurally equivalent tend to demonstrate similar levels of OCB; (3) similarity in OI mediates the relationship between advice ties and similarity in OCB; and (4) advice ties with high and moderate levels of OI are most strongly associated with similarity in OCB. In a supplementary analysis we show that the social influence model that we tested offers a better explanation for the role that the social context plays in shaping OI than does a "more ties, more OI" model. We discuss implications for theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Values, defined by Schwartz (1994) as basic motivational cognitive structures, guide life goals, transcend contexts, and affect individuals' courses of action differently depending on their preferred values. With young children, an important question that emerges is what factors underlie the linkages between their preferred motivations (i.e., preferred values) and their behavior tendencies in key social contexts. This study proposed one potential socio-cognitive mechanism that may explain how children's values are linked to their prosocial and antisocial behaviors in kindergarten via their values-oriented social information processing patterns (SIP) and their attitudes toward their kindergarten. The sample included 121 children (59 girls; Mage = 67.45 months). Children's values, values-oriented SIP patterns, and attitudes toward kindergarten class were examined in one-on-one interviews. Teachers reported on the children's social behaviors. Results showed children's preferences for self-transcendence values were linked to their more prosocial behaviors and less antisocial behaviors in class via their self-transcendence values-oriented SIP patterns and their positive attitudes toward kindergarten. The findings offer important insights into the socio-cognitive elements that drive values-behavior relationships, as well as the links between various facets of young children's social cognition and their social behavior in kindergarten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education researchers and practitioners have been exploring for years the key factors impacting children's academic engagement. Still, relatively little is known about the role of children's social cognition in their academic engagement. Accordingly, the current study focuses on the potential indirect associations between young children's social information processing patterns (SIP) and their academic engagement through their social behaviors in class, specifically their prosocial and problem behaviors, and following by the quality of their relationship with their main kindergarten teacher. The study examines these indirect effects in one dual-pathway model which includes both a pathway from children's competent SIP patterns to higher levels of academic engagement and from children's aggressive SIP patterns to lower levels of academic engagement. The sample included 300 kindergarten children (151 girls; Mage = 68.76 months). Results showed that competent SIP patterns were positively linked to children's academic engagement, which encompasses both their academic self-perceptions and their attitudes toward learning, via children's prosocial behaviors in class and subsequently teacher–child relational closeness. In addition, aggressive SIP patterns were negatively linked to the kindergarteners' attitudes toward learning via the children's problem behaviors in class and subsequently teacher–child relational conflict. Results have implications for both research and practice in the understanding of the influence of social cognition, behavior, and social relationships on academic engagement for young learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extent to which mother and infant sleep predict maternal sensitivity as (a) main effects and (b) moderate the association between social cognition about infant crying (i.e., cry processing) and maternal sensitivity was examined in a sample of 299 mother–infant dyads (43% of mothers non-White; 50.5% of infants female). Infant- and mother-oriented cry processing were assessed prenatally using a video recall procedure and mothers self-reported demographics and characteristics reflecting emotional risk. When infants were 2 months old, mothers reported their depressive symptoms and mother and infant sleep. Maternal sensitivity and infant negative mood were observed during free play and the still face. There were no main effects of mother or infant sleep on maternal sensitivity over and above covariates. However, infant total sleep duration across night and day and mother sleep disturbance moderated the effect of mother-oriented cry processing on sensitivity. Specifically, mother-oriented cry processing was associated with lower maternal sensitivity only among mothers whose infants had lower sleep duration and who reported more sleep disturbances. Moderating effects were not apparent for infant night wakings or time awake or mothers' total sleep problems. Constrained opportunities for sleep or respite across the entire day and the totality of mothers' nighttime sleep disturbances, not just those specific to infants' night wakings, undermine maternal sensitivity by exacerbating mothers' preexisting tendency to have self-focused and negative reactions to infant distress. The efficacy of interventions designed to facilitate maternal sensitivity and infant adjustment may be enhanced by adding targeted foci on maternal and infant sleep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Trait of aggression and aggressive driving behaviors are positively correlated. • SIP deficits in daily and driving contexts are positively and strongly correlated. • Individuals attribute significantly more hostility in driving than in daily contexts. • Self-efficacy as the most important SIP to act aggressively. Questions such as "Are people always aggressive?" or "Is it only inside the car?" have been studied in previous research. However, the focus is mostly on anger and anger expression and not on an interpersonal perspective. The current study aims to explore this gap in the research by analyzing aggressive driving behavior through the application of Social Information Processing Theory (SIP). For that purpose, the trait of aggression was compared with aggressive driving behavior and SIP patterns on and off the road. To achieve these goals, 562 Portuguese drivers completed a self-reported survey concerning trait aggression, aggressive driving behavior, and social information processing in various contexts. The results indicated that deficits in SIP positively correlate with aggressive behavior in daily and driving contexts. Secondly, the trait of aggression is positively correlated with aggressive driving behavior. Finally, SIP deficits in the daily context were also positively correlated with SIP deficits in the driving context. Nevertheless, significant differences were found between SIP variables in the daily context and the driving context. The results, implications, and limitations of the study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child abuse is prevalent worldwide, with most of the burden in developing countries. To reduce and prevent child abuse occurrence, many efforts are directed toward reducing maladaptive parental behaviors (MPBs), a predictor of parents' risk of engaging in child abusive behaviors. MPBs have been associated with child (e.g., behavioral difficulties) and parent characteristics (e.g., parenting stress and parental cognitions), although little research tested for mediational pathways. This study aimed to test the pathways through which child and parent characteristics are linked to MPB. Consistent with the social information processing model of parenting, we hypothesized that child behavioral difficulties would exert an indirect influence on MPB through parenting stress and that parenting stress will exert a direct and indirect effect on MPB through parental cognitions (i.e., expectations, attitudes, and attributions). This study used data from 243 mothers of children aged between 2 and 9 years in Romania. Two‐stage structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesized model. Results support the role of child behavior, parenting stress, and parental cognitions in predicting MPB (R2 = 0.69). Significant indirect effects were found from child behavior to MPB via parenting stress and parental cognitions. Direct effects from parenting stress and parental cognitions to MPB were significant. Findings show that parenting stress and parental cognitions are important mechanisms through which child behavioral difficulties influence maladaptive parental behavior, underscoring the need to focus on these mechanisms when assessing or intervening with families at risk for child abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic pathology that can lead to impaired social functioning that has a negative impact on patients' quality of life. To date, although the hypothesis of impaired social cognition has been proposed as a potential explanation for these difficulties, very few studies have focused on theory of mind in children with NF1. Furthermore, other complex sociocognitive abilities have never been investigated. The aim of the present study was to assess theory of mind, moral reasoning, and social information processing in children with NF1 compared with a control group. We administered the Paediatric Evaluation of Emotions, Relationships and Socialization® to 38 children with NF1 aged between 8 years and 16 years 11 months (mean = 11.4, SD = 2.3) and 43 control children with comparable sociodemographic characteristics. Patients performed significantly worse than controls on moral reasoning and social information processing tests, but there was no significant difference on theory of mind. These results seem to confirm the presence of social cognition difficulties in NF1 that could explain, at least in part, their social difficulties, although not all dimensions are concerned. The differences between the processes we assessed are discussed in relation to the methodologies used to measure them, and raises questions about the complementarity of traditional tools and more ecological assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychopathological syndromes, such as disruptive behavior and anxiety disorders in adolescence, are characterized by distorted cognitions and problematic behavior. Biased interpretations of ambiguous social situations can elicit both aggressive and avoidance behavior. Yet, it is not well understood whether different interpretation biases are specific to different syndromes, or whether they can co-occur. We assessed both hostile and threatening interpretation biases in identical social situations, and proposed that they are uniquely related to callous-unemotional (CU) traits and social anxiety, respectively. We also explored the role of gender and age herein. The sample consisted of 390 inpatients between 10 and 18 years of age with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Hostile and threatening interpretations were assessed with the Ambiguous Social Scenario Task (ASST) consisting of 10 written vignettes. Both CU-traits and social anxiety were assessed with self-report questionnaires. Results showed that, overall, CU-traits were related to more hostile interpretations, whereas social anxiety was related to more threatening interpretations. In addition, in boys, hostile and threatening interpretations correlated significantly positive with each other. Age was not related to interpretation biases. Together, these results generally support the content-specificity of interpretation biases in concepts relevant to disruptive behavior disorders and anxiety disorders, and indicate that different interpretation biases can co-occur specifically in boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Body-brain interaction provides a novel approach to understand neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this systematic review, we analyse the empirical evidence regarding coexisting differences in autonomic (ANS) and central nervous system (CNS) responses to social stimuli between individuals with ASD and typically developing individuals. Moreover, we review evidence of deviations in body-brain interaction during processing of socially relevant information in ASD. We conducted systematic literature searches in PubMed, Medline, PsychInfo, PsychArticles, and Cinahl databases (until 12.1.2022). Studies were included if individuals with ASD were compared with typically developing individuals, study design included processing of social information, and ANS and CNS activity were measured simultaneously. Out of 1892 studies identified based on the titles and abstracts, only six fulfilled the eligibility criteria to be included in synthesis. The quality of these studies was assessed using a quality assessment checklist. The results indicated that individuals with ASD demonstrate atypicalities in ANS and CNS signalling which, however, are context dependent. There were also indications for altered contribution of ANS-CNS interaction in processing of social information in ASD. However, the findings must be considered in the context of several limitations, such as small sample sizes and high variability in (neuro)physiological measures. Indeed, the methodological choices varied considerably, calling for a need for unified guidelines to improve the interpretability of results. We summarize the current experimentally supported understanding of the role of socially relevant body-brain interaction in ASD. Furthermore, we propose developments for future studies to improve incremental knowledge building across studies of ANS-CNS interaction involving individuals with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the effect of anger and moral approbation on whistleblowing intention with microsocial ethical environment and group cohesion as moderating variables. Methodology/approach: This paper is an empirical study that delves into behavioral patterns of accounting students from public universities in Madura regarding their intentions to blow the whistle. By using incidental sampling, this study obtains 164 responses. WarpPLS 4.0 is employed to run and test the hypotheses. Findings: From testing four different models, we find that moral approbation and anger significantly promote whistleblowing among students. However, we find no significant relationship for interaction between anger and moral approbation with microsocial ethical environment on whistleblowing intentions. Further, we find the interaction between group cohesion and moral approbation reduces the student’s willingness to report fraud in cases when they have strong self-interest and discretionary grading policy. Practical and Theoretical contribution/Originality: Our findings suggest that public universities in Madura need to take into account the closeness of potential whistleblowers with fraud perpetrators even more in the context of students with low self-interest when developing and implementing whistleblowing systems. These findings suggest the wavering state of students’ convictions of fraud done by their peers. Research Limitation: The results of this study need to be interpreted carefully due to the dominance of small observations in our sample. Our study obtained 164 responses that can be considered sufficient by the analytical tools. However, these numbers are inadequate to generalize our findings, especially when our scope is only three public universities in Madura.

Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are linked to an increased risk of psychological disorders and lower psychosocial functioning throughout life. This study aims to evaluate the FACE self-help app, designed to promote resilience and well-being in emerging adults with a history of ACE. The app is based on cognitive-behavioural principles and consists of two thematic components: (1) self- and emotion regulation (SER) and (2) social skills and biases in social information processing (SSIP). Methods The efficacy of the app will be tested through a single-centre, two-arm randomized controlled trial, comparing an active intervention group against a waiting list control group. The active group is divided into two subgroups, in which the two components are delivered in a different order to investigate differential effects in a crossover design. Up to 250 emerging adults aged 18 to 25 years with a history of ACE from a general population cohort study will be recruited. The primary objective is to test the efficacy of the app in improving resilience (primary outcome) and well-being (co-primary outcome) compared to a waiting list control group and to examine the stability of these effects. The secondary objectives include testing the efficacy of the app in improving the secondary outcomes, i.e., self-efficacy in managing emotions, problem solving, fear of evaluation, social avoidance, and self-esteem; examining the differential effects of the two components; and assessing the effect of the app on real-life data on resilience, affective states, distress in social interactions and coping strategies. Furthermore, the study will investigate potential moderators (e.g. ACE severity) and mediators of intervention outcomes (e.g. self-efficacy in managing emotions). Discussion The results will provide insights into the efficacy of the self-help intervention as well as mediators and moderators of outcomes. Furthermore, results will extend the existing knowledge by testing the differential effects of the SER and SSIP component on the outcomes. Findings can inform improvements to the FACE app and the development of other interventions for this target group and assess its potential as a scalable, low-threshold intervention to support emerging adults with a history of ACE in their transition to adulthood. Trial registration number: NCT05824182.

Aim and Background: Children and teenagers are of a particular importance in every society, and a care for their mental health makes them healthy both mentally and physically, and enable them to play their social parts better in the future. The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the coping power program on family problem solving, parental authority, and social information processing and emotional awareness of maladjusted children aged 9-13 Methods and Materials: The method of semi experimentation, with a pretest-post test scheme and a judge group, was a 45 day follow up; the statistical population comprised all the irregulars of 9-13 in the school year 1402-1401 of isfahan; and out of this statistical population, 40 students and parents who were qualified for the purpose of research, were accidentally put into two testing groups and one judge group, each group containing 20 people. The research tools included Rutter's Teacher Form Behavioral Questionnaire (1967), Ahmadi et al.'s Family Problem Solving (2008), Jan Buri's Parental Authority (1991), Turkaspa and Bryan's Social Information Processing (1994), and Reif et al.'s Emotional Awareness (2007). In addition, the coping power program of Luckman. (2003) was implemented during 10 sessions of 60 minutes for parents and 10 sessions of 45 minutes for children. While the group did not receive a training certificate. The data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk tests and analysis of variance with repeated measures at a significance level of 5%. Findings: The results showed that the coping power program had a significant effect on family problems, parental authority, social information processing and emotional awareness (P

Objectives: The main purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of social information processing, self-regulation, and metacognition variables on ToM using path analysis. Methods: For this purpose, path analysis was conducted for the model established according to the relationships between the variables. Theory of mind task battery (ToMTB), Metacognitive Knowledge Interview (McKI), Schultz Test of Emotion Processing—Preliminary Version (STEP-P), and self-regulation scale were administered to 310 children aged 3–5 years. Results: The results show that social information processing (except STEP-P.P.B, one of the sub-dimensions of the STEP-P scale) has a significant effect on ToM through metacognition and self-regulation. Conclusions: In this context, it can be said that social information processing, metacognition, and self-regulation are effective in the development of ToM.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are linked to an increased risk of psychological disorders and lower psychosocial functioning throughout life. This study aims to evaluate the FACE self-help app, designed to promote resilience and well-being in emerging adults with a history of ACE. The app is based on cognitive-behavioural principles and consists of two thematic components: (1) self- and emotion regulation (SER) and (2) social skills and biases in social information processing (SSIP). Methods: The efficacy of the app will be tested through a single-centre, two-arm randomized controlled trial, comparing an active intervention group against a waiting list control group. The active group is divided into two subgroups, in which the two components are delivered in a different order to investigate differential effects in a crossover design. Up to 250 emerging adults aged 18 to 25 years with a history of ACE from a general population cohort study will be recruited. The primary objective is to test the efficacy of the app in improving resilience (primary outcome) and well-being (co-primary outcome) compared to a waiting list control group and to examine the stability of these effects. The secondary objectives include testing the efficacy of the app in improving the secondary outcomes, i.e., self-efficacy in managing emotions, problem solving, fear of evaluation, social avoidance, and self-esteem; examining the differential effects of the two components; and assessing the effect of the app on real-life data on resilience, affective states, distress in social interactions and coping strategies. Furthermore, the study will investigate potential moderators (e.g. ACE severity) and mediators of intervention outcomes (e.g. self-efficacy in managing emotions). Discussion: The results will provide insights into the efficacy of the self-help intervention as well as mediators and moderators of outcomes. Furthermore, results will extend the existing knowledge by testing the differential effects of the SER and SSIP component on the outcomes. Findings can inform improvements to the FACE app and the development of other interventions for this target group and assess its potential as a scalable, low-threshold intervention to support emerging adults with a history of ACE in their transition to adulthood. Trial registration number: NCT05824182. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavioral inhibition (BI) is an early-appearing temperamental trait characterized by intense negative affect and withdrawal behaviors to novel and challenging situations. Inhibited children are more likely to display social withdrawal and experience an increased risk for internalizing problems. Trait inference, the way children interpret behaviors and infer the characteristics of others, may be one potential mechanism. The current study examined the individual differences of BI in trait inference using a cross-sectional design (Study 1, Age 4, N = 80, 38 boys, Chinese) and explored the role of trait inference (Age 4) in relation to early BI (Age 2) and later internalizing behaviors (Age 4) using a longitudinal design (Study 2, N = 163, 93 boys). Trait inference was measured by children's personality judgments after watching four pieces of behavioral information of animated actors in two conditions: a high positive information condition and a high negative information condition. We found that high BI children exhibited a more negative trait inference than low BI children did in two studies, except for the trait inference in the high negative information condition of Study 2. Besides, in Study 2, trait inference in the high positive information condition partially mediated the BI-internalizing behavior link, and such mediation effect was moderated by the level of trait inference. These findings highlight the contribution of social information processing in the social adjustment of children with extreme temperament and have implications for prevention and intervention. Public Significance Statement: The present study suggested that children who are temperamentally inhibited show negative trait inferences when judging others based on behavioral information on various situations, and such cognitive process is a crucial mechanism leading to their internalizing behaviors. These findings highlighted the utility of social information processing in understanding the social adjustment of children with extreme temperament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La littérature souligne la prévalence des difficultés à traiter les informations émotionnelles dans le cadre des comportements violents. La perspective du traitement de l'information sociale pourrait permettre d'identifier plus spécifiquement les étapes du traitement associées aux déficits reliés à l'alexithymie. Cette revue de la littérature propose une approche des liens entre comportements violents et l'alexithymie selon le modèle du traitement de l'information sociale. Plusieurs études soulignent les liens entre comportements violents et l'alexithymie. Particulièrement, les déficits portent sur la capacité des individus à identifier leurs états émotionnels. Selon le modèle du traitement de l'information sociale, ces déficits interviennent aux étapes initiales du traitement. Des erreurs dans la détection et la perception des indices sociaux peuvent générer une mésinterprétation des intentions d'autrui et conduire à un biais d'attribution hostile. Une prise en charge spécifique et adaptée à la nature des déficits permet une réduction significative des difficultés dans l'identification des émotions mais également l'amélioration du contenu émotionnel du discours. Le modèle de l'information sociale, comme cadre heuristique de l'alexithymie, offre la possibilité d'appréhender les déficits alexithymiques dans une approche globale et de spécifier la nature des dimensions impliquées pour les différentes étapes du traitement. The literature highlights the prevalence of shortcomings in processing emotional information, especially the identification of emotions in the context of violent behavior. Alexithymia is the inability to recognize and describe emotional states and external oriented thinking. The social information processing approach offers a theoretical framework to understand how alexithymia deficiencies are linked to violence. Furthermore, this approach allows us to determine which stages of processing are associated with specific kinds of deficiencies in order to adapt treatment programs targeting violent behavior. The primary goal of this narrative review is to define and present the relationship between alexithymia and violent behavior. In addition, this review will attempt to illustrate that deficiencies caused by alexithymia are related to different stages of social information processing. This review presents an explanation of the links between violent behavior and alexithymia according to the social information processing theory as a theoretical framework. There are numerous studies that demonstrate the relationship between violent behavior and alexithymia in different populations (general, psychiatric, or incarcerated) and for different kinds of violence (physical, homicidal or sexual). In particular, the deficiencies caused by alexithymia primarily involved the (in)ability to identify emotional states. Indeed, the more people have difficulties in identifying their own internal emotional states, the higher the probability that they will engage in dysfunctional behavior such as violence. According to the social information processing model, these shortcomings are present in the initial stages of processing. Errors in detection and perception of social cues could produce a misinterpretation of other's intentions and could lead to a hostile attribution bias. This bias exhibits itself as a tendency to interpret the actions of others as hostile, particularly in ambiguous situations and is often linked to impulsive and reactive aggression. Due to these links between alexithymia, misinterpretation, and violent behavior, it seems essential to develop treatment programs designed to reduce the effects of alexithymia. One study demonstrated that a specific treatment program reduced alexithymic related deficiencies among individuals who had committed sexual offences. This program was based on developing the capacity to identify emotions and to use emotive language to verbalize emotional states. These results suggest that it is possible to improve emotional competence and reduce the effects of alexithymia, which could lead to a reduction in errors in social information processing and could be a major protective factor with respect to violent behavior. The social information processing model allows us to understand the relationship between violent behavior and alexithymia based on the deficiencies in specific processing stages. In other words, this is an approach which examines the varying stages of social information processing which are dysfunctional and their relationship to the various dimensions of alexithymia. Importantly, it seems that the two explanatory hypotheses of alexithymia may be more complementary rather than diametrically opposed. Indeed, these two hypotheses allow us to explain particular kinds of deficiencies based on different stages of social information processing. This heuristic framework promises the possibility of understanding the study of alexithymia depending on both the nature of the shortcomings and on which social information processing steps are involved. Accordingly, it could become easier to accurately understand which processes are involved in order to adapt the treatment of these deficiencies, particularly in relation to violent behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of digital technology has reshaped healthcare, with mobile apps such as Halodoc emerging as key tools for quick and efficient access to medical services and information. However, the success of such health apps depends on customer trust. This study investigated the relationship between social information processing (SIP) theory, perceived usefulness, and customer trust among Halodoc users in Surabaya City using quantitative methods. A total of 157 respondents were sampled, and data analysis was conducted using the SPSS application. The results showed that social information processing and perceived usefulness are simultaneously and partially significant in influencing the development of customer trust, where users assess Halodoc's information features and express satisfaction with its services, which then fosters trust. The findings highlight the importance of social information processing and perceived usefulness in building customer trust, offer insights for increasing trust in healthcare applications and inform marketing and product development strategies in the telemedicine industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Social information Processing (SIP) biases have been associated with child abuse risk. However, little research was conducted with the purpose to evaluate the contribution of the SIP model in the prediction of child abuse risk, with most research testing SIP components independent from the model. This study aimed to extend the validity of the SIP model of parenting by employing factors across different stages of the theory in order to predict child abuse risk. We hypothesized that parental cognitive schema can influence abuse risk directly and indirectly through biased processing of information. Methods: Results from 140 studies were integrated using a two stage meta-analytic structural equation modeling procedure. Studies were identified via three databases: The Psychological Abstracts International, ISI Web of Science and PubMed. Results: Meta-analytic results indicate significant associations among all study variables, except for the one between perception of child adjustment and unrealistic expectations (r =.048, p >.05). Path analysis results lend evidence for the role of SIP variables in predicting child abuse risk (R2 = 0.22) and support the role of cognitive processing in the link between cognitive schema and child abuse risk. Conclusions: Findings support the SIP model as a good framework to study child abuse risk and underscore the need to focus on SIP patterns when assessing and intervening with abusive families or families at high risk of abuse. Targeting cognitions related to children and child rearing in parenting interventions could influence the process and outcomes of such programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines why and when family‐supportive supervisor behaviour (FSSB) influences newcomer organizational socialisation. Specifically, we draw from the social information processing perspective to suggest that FSSB promotes newcomer proactive behaviours and organizational socialisation. We argue that newcomer gender and family motivation moderate the positive effect of FSSB on newcomer proactive behaviours and propose a moderated mediation model and hypothesise that the indirect effect of FSSB on newcomer organizational socialisation via newcomer proactive behaviours is contingent on newcomer gender and family motivation. A time‐lagged study of 202 newcomer–supervisor dyads supports all our hypotheses. We also discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children with aggressive behavior problems may aggress for different reasons, requiring tailored assessment and treatment. The aim of this study was to test whether it is possible to detect distinct social information processing (SIP) profiles among boys with aggressive behavior problems. We therefore conducted Latent Profile Analyses on boys' SIP patterns assessed in interactive virtual reality. Additionally, we examined the discriminant validity of these SIP profiles by comparing them on theoretically relevant child characteristics (i.e., temperament, executive functioning, aggressive belief systems, punishment insensitivity, sensation seeking). We presented boys (N = 181; ages 7–13) with a virtual classroom where they could play games with virtual peers. They reported on their SIP in four virtual reality scenarios, designed to assess reactive and proactive aggressive SIP. Results revealed four distinct SIP profiles: a general reactive SIP profile, a situation-specific reactive SIP profile, a mixed reactive-proactive SIP profile, and a nonaggressive SIP profile. Planned contrasts revealed that boys with these SIP profiles differed in temperament, aggressive belief systems, and punishment insensitivity, but not in executive functioning and sensation seeking. Overall, findings suggest that boys differ in the exact SIP patterns underlying their aggressive behavior, providing inroads to tailor interventions to children's individual needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Threatening and hostile interpretation biases are seen as causal and maintaining mechanisms of childhood anxiety and aggression, respectively. However, it is unclear whether these interpretation biases are specific to distinct problems or whether they are general psychopathological phenomena. The specificity versus pervasiveness of interpretation biases could also differ depending on mental health status. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated whether social anxiety and callous-unemotional (CU) traits were uniquely related to threatening and hostile interpretation biases, respectively, in both a community and a clinical sample of adolescents. Methods A total of 161 adolescents between 10 to 15 years of age participated. The community sample consisted of 88 participants and the clinical sample consisted of 73 inpatients with a variety of psychological disorders. Social anxiety and CU-traits were assessed with self-report questionnaires. The Ambiguous Social Scenario Task was used to measure both threatening and hostile interpretations in response to written vignettes. Results Results showed that social anxiety was uniquely related to more threatening interpretations, while CU-traits were uniquely related to more hostile interpretations. These relationships were replicated for the community sample. For the clinical sample, only the link between social anxiety and threatening interpretations was significant. Explorative analyses showed that adolescents with externalizing disorders scored higher on hostile interpretations than adolescents with internalizing disorders. Conclusions Overall, these results support the content-specificity of threatening interpretation biases in social anxiety and of hostile interpretation biases in CU-traits. Better understanding the roles of interpretation biases in different psychopathologies might open avenues for tailored prevention and intervention paradigms.

Strong in-group bonds, facilitated by implicit favoritism for in-group members (i.e., in-group bias), promote mental health across development. Yet, we know little about how the development of in-group bias is shaped by early-life experiences. Childhood violence exposure is known to alter social information processing biases. Violence exposure may also influence social categorization processes, including in-group biases, in ways that influence risk for psychopathology. We examined associations of childhood violence exposure with psychopathology and behavioral and neural indices of implicit and explicit bias for novel groups in children followed longitudinally across three time points from age 5 to 10 years old (n = 101 at baseline; n = 58 at wave 3). To instantiate in-group and out-group affiliations, youths underwent a minimal group assignment induction procedure, in which they were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Youth were told that members of their assigned group shared common interests (in-group) and members of the other group did not (out-group). In pre-registered analyses, violence exposure was associated with lower implicit in-group bias, which in turn was associated prospectively with higher internalizing symptoms and mediated the longitudinal association between violence exposure and internalizing symptoms. During an fMRI task examining neural responses while classifying in-group and out-group members, violence-exposed children did not exhibit the negative functional coupling between vmPFC and amygdala to in-group vs. out-group members that was observed in children without violence exposure. Reduced implicit in-group bias may represent a novel mechanism linking violence exposure with the development of internalizing symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ozel Egitim Dergisi is the property of Ankara University, Faculty of Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: Although researchers have started to uncover the positive effects of presenteeism, research has yet to unearth the positive implications of coworker presenteeism. We draw from social information processing theory to hypothesize that coworker presenteeism has a positive indirect effect on organizational citizenship behaviors directed towards the organization (OCBOs) and other individuals (OCBIs) via citizenship pressure. Building on these hypotheses, we further theorize that the indirect effect of coworker presenteeism on OCBOs and OCBIs differ when employees are psychologically detached from their organization. Based on data collected using a time‐separated research design (n = 277 employees), the results reveal that coworker presenteeism has a positive indirect effect on both forms of OCBs via citizenship pressure. The results further demonstrate that the indirect effect of coworker presenteeism on OCBIs via citizenship pressure strengthens for employees who are psychologically detached from their organization. Importantly, this research shows that there are positive behavioral implications associated with coworker presenteeism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Anatolian Journal of Social Sciences / Uluslararasi Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Uluslararasi Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Exposure to family violence (EFV) is proposed as a relevant antecedent of child-to-parent violence (CPV). However, both previous research and practitioner experience suggest that not all cases of CPV involve EFV. This study aimed to identify profiles of adolescents according to their degree of involvement in CPV and their EFV. A sample of 1647 adolescents (mean age = 14.30, SD = 1.21; 50.5% boys) completed measures of CPV, witnessing family violence, victimization by parents, permissive parenting, parental warmth, and several measures of cognitive and emotional characteristics. Latent profile analyses based on measures of CPV and family characteristics supported a four-profile solution. Profile 1 (82.2%) consisted of adolescents with very low scores on both CPV and exposure to family violence. Profile 2 (6.2%) was characterized by medium scores on psychological CPV and high EFV. Profile 3 (9.7%) was characterized by severe psychological CPV and very low EFV. Profile 4 (1.9%) included adolescents with the highest scores on CPV, including physical violence, and high EFV. These profiles were found to differ from each other according to several cognitive and emotional variables of the adolescents. Therefore, not all CPV profiles were associated with a history of EFV. The obtained profiles have implications for interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated ASD-diagnosed adults' and neurotypical (NT) controls' processing of emoji and emoji influence on the emotionality of otherwise-neutral sentences. Study 1 participants categorised emoji representing the six basic emotions using a fixed-set of emotional adjectives. Results showed that ASD-diagnosed participants' classifications of fearful, sad, and surprised emoji were more diverse and less 'typical' than NT controls' responses. Study 2 participants read emotionally-neutral sentences; half paired with sentence-final happy emoji, half with sad emoji. Participants rated sentence + emoji stimuli for emotional valence. ASD-diagnosed and NT participants rated sentences + happy emoji as equally-positive, however, ASD-diagnosed participants rated sentences + sad emoji as more-negative than NT participants. We must acknowledge differential perceptions and effects of emoji, and emoji-text inter-relationships, when working with neurodiverse stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the associations between mothers' predisposition to show rejection sensitivity and children's cognitions regarding peer rejection and their social self-perceptions. It also explored whether these associations were mediated by mothers' behaviors in situations that might suggest their children were rejected by peers. Participants were 122 Jewish Israeli mothers and their kindergarten children (50.82% female; M Child age in months = 67.52, SD = 6.35). Mothers completed the Adult Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire and reported their likely behaviors in scenarios suggesting the rejection of their children by peers. Children were interviewed using the response evaluation scale for the rejection stories in the Social Information Processing Interview–Preschool Version and the peer acceptance subscale of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children. Results revealed indirect links between mothers' rejection sensitivity and children's maladaptive response evaluations and lower social self-perceptions, through fewer supportive maternal behaviors. These findings highlight the need to consider parents' dispositions and behaviors in the context of their children's peer interactions for a more complete understanding of the development of children's social competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the current study was to investigate whether children's social information processing (SIP) predicts their conversations with peers, including both their remarks to peers and peers' remarks to them. When children (N = 156; 55% male; United States; Representation by Race: 60% African American, 18% Mixed race, 15% European American, 7% Other; Representation by Latino/a Ethnicity: 22% Latino/a, 78% Not Latino/a; Mincome = $39,419) were 8 years old, we assessed their aggressive and prosocial SIP using the Social Information Processing Application (SIP-AP). When children were 9 years old, they participated in playgroups typically consisting of four same-sex unfamiliar children who interacted in a round-robin format. Each dyad completed a five-minute frustration task and a five-minute planning task. Observers coded children's verbalizations into six prosocial categories (Suggest, Agree, Solicit Input, Ask, Encourage, State Personal) and four antisocial categories (Command, Disagree, Discourage, Aggress). Children with higher aggressive SIP made more antisocial and fewer prosocial statements, whereas children with higher prosocial SIP made more prosocial and fewer antisocial statements. Furthermore, children with higher aggressive SIP elicited more antisocial and fewer prosocial statements from peers, whereas children with higher prosocial SIP elicited more prosocial and fewer antisocial statements from peers. Children's antisocial and prosocial remarks mediated relations between their aggressive SIP and peers' subsequent antisocial and prosocial remarks. Findings are discussed in terms of: (a) the use of SIP to predict more subtle social behaviors in children's social interaction, and (b) cycles of social interactions that maintain and reinforce children's SIP patterns. Public Significance Statement: Findings of the current study suggest that children who think more aggressively about social interactions speak to their peers using more negative and fewer positive statements. Peers respond using similar language, and their responses help to maintain children's aggressive thinking patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to integrate behavioral ethics and organizational diversity, equity, and inclusion research in effort to extend our understanding of the workplace factors that impact the engagement of inclusive leadership. For this purpose, we rely on social information processing theory to explain how and when upper-level managerial leadership impacts middle-level supervisory inclusiveness. We clarify these baseline relationships by integrating the role of supervisor organization-based self-esteem and negative affectivity into our model. We test our conceptual model in a multi-source field study consisting of 124 supervisor-employee dyads. Our study finds that upper-level managerial ethical leadership positively impacts middle-level supervisor organization-based self-esteem and upper-level managerial abusive leadership negatively impacts supervisor OBSE. In turn, supervisor OBSE positively impacts supervisory inclusiveness. Additionally, we find that supervisor negative affectivity moderates these relationships. Specifically, the relationships between (1) upper-level managerial ethical leadership and supervisor OBSE and (2) upper-level managerial abusive leadership and supervisor OBSE are stronger when supervisor negative affectivity is high compared to low. In summary, our first-stage moderated-mediation model is supported. We conclude by discussing implications, limitations, and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood maltreatment is associated with disruptions in narrative coherence about close relationships. The current pilot study introduced a brief new measure of narrative coherence about romantic partners, and tested whether post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms mediated the link between childhood maltreatment and narrative coherence about romantic partners during pregnancy. Participants were 101 low-income, ethnically diverse pregnant women (62% living below the poverty line; 37% Latina, 22% Black, 20% White, 22% other), with high rates of childhood maltreatment. They completed the Five-Minute Speech Sample about their romantic partner (i.e., the baby's father) during pregnancy, which independent pairs of raters coded for prenatal narrative coherence and prenatal expressed emotion (including negative and warm affect) about partners. Participants also completed standardized self-report instruments assessing childhood maltreatment, romantic partner support, and prenatal PTSD and depression symptoms. Narrative coherence about partners from the Five-Minute Speech Sample showed convergent validity with romantic partner support and expressed emotion about partners. PTSD symptoms (but not depression symptoms) mediated the link between childhood maltreatment and prenatal narrative coherence about partners. The Five-Minute Speech Sample offers a brief and valid strategy to assess NC about romantic partners. PTSD symptoms and narrative coherence about partners are both potential intervention targets to promote healthy psychological and relational functioning during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous theories have emphasized genetic effects "inside the skin" via endophenotypes within the broader developmental psychopathology theory. Expanding on the mechanisms of gene-environment correlation, we propose a new integrative framework emphasizing how genetic effects "outside the skin" (Reiss & Leve, 2007) accumulate due to individual variation in social information processing in negative environments and sociocultural contexts as part of developmental cascades to psychopathology. In this gene-environment cascade theoretical framework, genetic predisposition for psychopathology, as well as stable traits and behaviors, can lead to negative environments via gene-environment correlations that can be exacerbated or buffered by an individual's social information processing. Moreover, these "environments" range from dyadic social relationships to broader sociocultural contexts. Over time, these processes exacerbate one another as part of developmental cascades, resulting in accumulating risk for psychopathology. By focusing on gene-environment correlations and integrating disparate social-emotional, cognitive, and sociocultural research domains, this framework delineates key processes by which early genetic predisposition can contribute to developmentally distinct and accumulating risk for psychopathology over the life course. Implications for intervention and methodological advances that facilitate testing models are presented. This new framework moves the field further away from genetic determinism by informing targets of early psychosocial prevention. General Scientific Summary: Our gene-environment cascade theoretical framework describes one novel pathway to psychopathology. In this theory, the interplay among genetic predisposition, exposure to negative sociocultural environments, and individual variation in social information processing can exacerbate risk for psychopathology. Over time, these cascading processes can result in accumulating risk for psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Threatening and hostile interpretation biases are seen as causal and maintaining mechanisms of childhood anxiety and aggression, respectively. However, it is unclear whether these interpretation biases are specific to distinct problems or whether they are general psychopathological phenomena. The specificity versus pervasiveness of interpretation biases could also differ depending on mental health status. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated whether social anxiety and callous-unemotional (CU) traits were uniquely related to threatening and hostile interpretation biases, respectively, in both a community and a clinical sample of adolescents. Methods: A total of 161 adolescents between 10 to 15 years of age participated. The community sample consisted of 88 participants and the clinical sample consisted of 73 inpatients with a variety of psychological disorders. Social anxiety and CU-traits were assessed with self-report questionnaires. The Ambiguous Social Scenario Task was used to measure both threatening and hostile interpretations in response to written vignettes. Results: Results showed that social anxiety was uniquely related to more threatening interpretations, while CU-traits were uniquely related to more hostile interpretations. These relationships were replicated for the community sample. For the clinical sample, only the link between social anxiety and threatening interpretations was significant. Explorative analyses showed that adolescents with externalizing disorders scored higher on hostile interpretations than adolescents with internalizing disorders. Conclusions: Overall, these results support the content-specificity of threatening interpretation biases in social anxiety and of hostile interpretation biases in CU-traits. Better understanding the roles of interpretation biases in different psychopathologies might open avenues for tailored prevention and intervention paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: This research aimed to characterize social information processing abilities in a population of regular nondisordered poker players compared to controls. Methods: Participants completed the Posner cueing paradigm task including social cues (faces) to assess attention allocation towards social stimuli, including the effect of the presentation time (subliminal vs supraliminal) and of the emotion displayed. The study included two groups of participants: 30 regular nondisordered poker players (those who played at least three times a week in Texas Hold’em poker games for at least three months) and 30 control participants (those who did not gamble or gambled less than once a month, whatever the game). Results: The group of regular nondisordered poker players displayed an enhancement of the inhibition of return during the Posner cueing task. This means that in valid trials, they took longer to respond to the already processed localization in supraliminal conditions compared to controls. However, our results did not evidence any particular engagement or disengagement attention abilities toward specific types of emotion. Discussion and Conclusions: These results suggest that regular nondisordered poker players displayed social information processing abilities, which may be due to the importance to efficiently process social information that can serve as tells in live poker. The observed enhancement of the inhibition of return may permit poker players to not process a localization that has already processed to save attentional resources. Further research regarding the establishment of the IOR in other forms of gambling and with non-social cues needs to be performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the prevalence of unsafe behaviors on construction sites, limited attention has been paid to why and when some individuals on construction crews imitate their coworkers' unsafe behaviors. This research proposes a theoretical model wherein coworkers' unsafe behaviors are transmitted to other individuals through two pathways: safety silence and role stress, which includes role conflict and role ambiguity. Furthermore, the psychological contract of safety acts as a boundary condition. Empirical data were collected using a questionnaire administered to 498 Chinese construction workers and were analyzed using structural equation modeling and hierarchical linear regression. The results indicated that individuals were more prone to violate safety rules when witnessing coworkers' unsafe behaviors. These behaviors indirectly affected individuals through safety silence and role conflict. The psychological contract of safety could mitigate the adverse effect of coworkers' unsafe behaviors on individual safety violations and role stress. The findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge by offering a deep understanding of construction workers' responses toward unsafe behaviors. Practically, this research will assist managers in developing appropriate strategies for preventing the spread of unsafe behaviors within construction crews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims at enriching current interpretations of the Evil Eye in the Roman world by applying embodied theories of knowledge to the social environments that triggered this belief. In general terms, religious belief is grounded on representational processes of the body and of its surrounding environment; these, together, organize specific mental reference-systems. In other words, actual experience is encoded in a mental frame that may later be used to make plausible explanations of a given situation. The psychosomatic feeling of envy (the Evil Eye was often conceptualized as an emotion) that the individual experienced at a given situation was processed into a complex socio-cultural reasoning that included 1) the identification and description of the pain suffered by the envious person (including the idea that the whole colour of their skin became bluish --livor); 2) the monitoring of one's own moral conduct in the situation that triggered the feeling of envy; 3) the association of envy with a whole system of beliefs of mystical harm that could affect others; and 4) the possibility of restraining it. This experience fed the variety of cognitive strategies that individuals then elaborated in order to externalize their responsibility towards random misfortune. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggression during adolescence can lead to unhealthy outcomes. Prior research suggests that youth with disruptive behaviors filter information in a distorted manner and struggle with social information processing skills. Teaching effective social processing skills can help reduce aggressive behaviors. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of customized aggression interventions on adolescent males. We used a theory-informed framework to guide the development of the interventions using an N = 1/ABA single-case research design with four male adolescents aged 13–14 who volunteered to participate in our study. A female licensed clinical mental health counselor designed and delivered the interventions and collected the outcome data. Participants completed a series of temporal assessments examining proactive, reactive, and total aggression. We hypothesized that customized interventions would be an effective means to address and reduce problematic aggressive behaviors. The data produced small to large effect sizes for three of the four participants, and statistically significant differences were observed between phases. The results have implications for the contributions of utilizing social information processing theory-informed customized aggression interventions with adolescents using single-case research design methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study introduces the first German Open Scale of Social Information Processing (GOSSIP) and evaluates its psychometric properties. Even though social information processing (SIP) and its important role in developmental psychopathology is a rising field of interest, model-based standardized assessment tools are still scarce. Methods: GOSSIP was developed to assess SI processes in boys and girls aged eight to 21 years. First, 61 vignettes (combinations of pictures and short written descriptions of the situation depicted) were evaluated by an expert group and piloted with 48 healthy participants (aged 8–21). The best-rated vignettes were then implemented in a Web-based application. 191 participants completed GOSSIP. Of those, 76 answered additional questionnaires to assess their social skills and psychopathology. Internal consistencies for the emotional and cognitive GOSSIP scales were determined. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify subgroups of children and adolescents characterized by specific SIP profiles (i.e., patterns of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to the GOSSIP). Furthermore, the external validity of the participants' attribution tendencies in GOSSIP was evaluated in real life by smartphone-based Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA). Results: The internal consistencies for the emotional and cognitive scales (angry, ashamed, physical aggression, pro-social response, revenge, and outcome expectancy) were good to excellent. The scales of hostile interpretation, relation aggression, sadness, and exclusion showed borderline/acceptable internal consistency. Correlation analysis confirmed convergent validity with self-reported social skills and external validity with ratings of aggressive and pro-social behaviors. The LPA revealed three profiles as the best fit of the data. The first group is named "aggressors," the second "social-emotional group," and a third named "ashamed-internalizing group." However, no significant association was found between the attribution tendencies derived from GOSSIP and EMA data. Discussion/Conclusion: GOSSIP is the first model-based German Web-based assessment for several SIP mechanisms that showed overall adequate psychometric properties. GOSSIP can be used to classify individuals into SIP profiles that differ in terms of their cognitive and emotional response tendencies and therefore could contribute to the development of targeted interventions. Integrating assessments of emotional responses into GOSSIP revealed an important role of "shame" in SIP and the development of psychopathology. Furthermore, the lack of external validity between GOSSIP and EMA calls into question how attribution tendencies are best assessed in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autistic children tend to show divergent social information processing, and controversies exist regarding the mechanisms underlying this processing. In this article, we summarize and categorize the current theories and evidence related to hypo‐ and hyperarousal accounts of social information processing in autism. The hypo‐arousal account proposes reduced motivation or sensitivity to process social information and is supported by behavioral, eye‐tracking, and neuroimaging studies. Recent evidence has challenged this account, highlighting the role of eye gaze in interpreting the hypo‐brain activation. The hyperarousal account posits that social context could evoke anxiety and discomfort in autistic children, which could interfere with their social information processing and result in social avoidance. Most research in this field has studied children and adolescents, but some studies have included adults since autism is a lifelong condition. Here, we highlight the importance of considering the heterogeneity of arousal patterns in autistic children when developing individualized supporting protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social connectedness has been linked to beneficial outcomes across domains, ages, and cultures. However, not everyone receives these benefits, as there are large individual differences in the capacities required to create and sustain functional interpersonal relationships. A great deal of research has been devoted to assessing and understanding these differences, often focusing on how competent interpersonal behavior renders it more likely that one will succeed interpersonally. The current paper examines five relevant approaches that have emerged from personality (global traits), social (social cognition), clinical (social skills interventions), developmental (social information processing), and industrial/organizational (situation judgment) areas of psychology. A comparison of these approaches highlights important considerations related to bandwidth and fidelity, whether the focus should be on overt behavior or underlying processes, and whether to emphasize tendencies or their effectiveness. The review concludes with calls for greater integration efforts, which can capitalize on strengths inherent to different approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on gender differences in adaptability to changing work conditions has revealed equivocal evidence. We provide a new perspective to this stream by proposing a model, grounded in theory of social information processing, that takes into account individuals' responses to important others in their environment – namely, supervisors (for non-managerial employees) or subordinates (for managers). The model suggests that the performance of each category of important others can have differential impact on women's and men's work outcomes amid changes. We use two-wave data collected from employees and managers who transitioned to work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. We find no differences in adaptability across genders when important others are perceived to be effective. Among employees, when supervisors are perceived to perform poorly, changes at work relate to lower performance among men than among women. Among managers, when followers are perceived to perform poorly, changes at work relate to lower performance among women than among men. We offer recommendations to help men and women sustain performance over the course of a change. MAD statement Investigating inconsistent evidence on gender differences in adaptability to changing work conditions, we suggest that the performance of important others (supervisors, followers) have differential impact on women's and men's work outcomes amid changes. Data from employees and managers who transitioned to telework during the COVID-19 pandemic reveal no differences in adaptability between men and women, when they perceive important others to function effectively during the situation. Among employees, when supervisors are perceived to perform poorly, changes at work relate to lower performance among men than among women. Among managers, when followers are perceived to perform poorly, changes at work relate to lower performance among women than among men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the inter-relationships among posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, cognitive bias, executive functioning deficits, and intimate partner violence (IPV) outcomes in a sample of 104 military veterans who had served in conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. Veteran participants completed questionnaires, a neuropsychological assessment, and a laboratory procedure assessing social information (SIP) processing biases during a single assessment, and collateral reports of IPV from intimate partners were obtained for 69 participants via telephone interviews. Findings indicated that executive functioning deficits in the areas of inhibition and impulsivity were associated with increased risk for all IPV perpetration outcomes, and these risk factors also moderated the association between cognitive bias and psychological IPV. Cognitive inflexibility also appeared to moderate the associations between both PTSD symptoms and cognitive bias with injurious IPV, though the latter moderated relationship was marginally significant. Findings suggest the salience of executive functioning deficits with respect to understanding IPV perpetration risk from a trauma-informed, SIP perspective, and highlight several possible clinical strategies that may enhance intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of information and communication technology that is increasingly widespread in today's world, has led to a new phenomenon called cybercrime, it can even be done instead of communication through love scams or scammer love. In this study, we would like to conclude several factors that can lead to crime using love scam communication techniques to provide a solution. The phenomenon of love scam or scammer love. This action is an act of fraud under the guise of romance. Usually the perpetrator uses tricks or instead of trust that involves the emotions or feelings of the victim and then takes advantage of those feelings or good intentions to commit fraud. indeed it can not be seen directly. That's what causes hackers to be interested in using the Internet as a medium of communication and at the same time forming a community, because the Internet is the fastest way for hackers to act and interact with victims without having to show their true identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) children and adolescents with conduct problems learn social problem-solving skills that enable them to behave in more independent and situation appropriate ways. Empirical studies on psychological functions show that the effectiveness of CBT may be further improved by putting more emphasis on (1) recognition of the type of social situations that are problematic, (2) recognition of facial expressions in view of initiating social problem-solving, (3) effortful emotion regulation and emotion awareness, (4) behavioral inhibition and working memory, (5) interpretation of the social problem, (6) affective empathy, (7) generation of appropriate solutions, (8) outcome expectations and moral beliefs, and (9) decision-making. To improve effectiveness, CBT could be tailored to the individual child's or adolescent's impairments of these psychological functions which may depend on the type of conduct problems and their associated problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]