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This analysis theoretically investigates the transport phenomena of mixed convection flows in an enclosure of rectangular geometry saturated with a permeable medium filled with an electrically conducting nanofluid. An inclined magnetic field is taken into consideration. Buongiorno's model is utilized to characterize the nanoliquid. The enclosure has adiabatic walls and hot slits. A uniform cold temperature is maintained at the enclosure's lower and upper walls. The enclosure's vertical walls are thermally insulated with hot slits at the center of the walls. This kind of analysis on mixed convective, electrically conducting nanofluid flows in enclosures finds applications in smart nanomaterial processing systems and hybrid electromagnetic nanoliquid fuel cells. The Marker-And-Cell (MAC) method is utilized to solve the transformed nondimension system of governing equations subject to the fitted boundary conditions. The effects of key physical parameters on streamlines, isotherms, iso-concentration contour plots and the heat transmission rate are examined. The simulations demonstrate that the Richardson number has a predominant impact on the thermo-solutal features of nanofluid flow in the rectangular enclosure. Variations in magnetic field and buoyancy ratio parameters exert a notable influence on the iso-concentrations and isotherms. An increase in the Darcy number values exhibits a tendency to magnify the local heat transfer rate. Higher Grashof number values reduce the local Nusselt number profiles. The effect of porous parameter is significant in the streamlines, isotherms and iso-concentrations. Thus, the porous medium can significantly control the transport phenomena in the enclosure. The concentration, temperature and velocity contours are strongly modified by the variations in the Grashof number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transport phenomena of Casson nanofluid flow between two parallel disks subject to convective boundary conditions are analyzed in this paper. The mathematical model incorporates the impact of thermophoresis and Brownian motion since the Buongiorno's nanoliquid model is adopted to characterize the nanoliquid's transport features. The appropriate similarity transformations are applied to obtain the resulting nondimensional ordinary differential equations from the basic governing equations. The resulting ordinary differential equations and the associated boundary conditions are solved analytically by adopting the homotopy perturbation technique. Further, a statistical experiment is conducted to identify notable flow parameters which cause significant impact on the heat transfer rate. The characteristics of critical pertinent parameters on the flow field are graphically manifested. It is worth noting that the Casson nanofluid velocity escalates by augmenting the magnetic field parameter in the case of injection near the disks. Nanoparticle concentration is considerably diminished with an increment in thermophoresis parameter. In the cases of equal and unequal Biot numbers, the heat transfer rate is promoted with higher values of the Brownian motion parameter. Among the Casson fluid parameter, squeezing parameter and magnetic field parameter, the heat transfer rate discloses the highest positive sensitivity with the lowest value of the Casson fluid parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fins, referred to as extended surfaces, play a crucial role in enhancing heat transfer across various industrial sectors. They achieve this by increasing the surface area available for convective heat transfer. These widespread applications span fields such as energy production, mechanical engineering, surface studies, heat recovery processes, and chemical engineering. The broad utility of fins has prompted researchers to enhance their precision through diverse methods, including numerical, experimental, and analytical approaches. Motivated by these practical applications, this study undertakes a theoretical investigation to analyze the effects of varying fin heights on the behavior of a hybrid hydromagnetic nanofluid within a porous square enclosure. The study explores three distinct cases. In the first case, fixed-height heat fins are attached to the upper and lower walls. In the second case, the fin attached to the upper wall remains static, while those on the lower wall are extended from 0.25L to 0.5L. Conversely, the third case involves extending the height of the upper fin from 0.25L to 0.5L. The in-house MATLAB code, coupled with a finite difference method, is employed to solve the governing equations, and its reliability is confirmed through comparison with prior publications. Thorough numerical simulations are conducted, encompassing control parameters such as thermal radiation, Rayleigh number, nanoparticle volume fraction, Hartmann number, heat generation/absorption, and Darcy number. The numerical results are visually presented through streamlines, isotherms, and average Nusselt number plots, elucidating the impact of these parameters across a range of scenarios. It is noticed that case 3 exposes a 96.06% higher heat transfer rate than case 2 with higher values of volume fraction and Rayleigh number. In all three cases, the Rayleigh number and Hartmann number cause a reduction in the entropy generation. For a higher Rayleigh number, employing a hybrid nanofluid containing a volume fraction of 5% causes a 110.41% reduction in heat transfer for the case involving bottom fin height compared to case 1. Similarly, extending the top fin leads to a heat transfer reduction of 100.41%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aged Garlic Extract Protects Liver and Kidney Cells from Damage Caused by StreptozocinNicotinamide in Rats. Streptozocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) is a chemical compound that is used to induce diabetes in rats. It works by damaging the beta cells in the pancreas, which are responsible for producing insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the body to use glucose for energy. Aged garlic extract (AGE) is a dietary supplement made from garlic that has been fermented for several weeks or months. It is a rich source of antioxidants, which can help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can react with other molecules in the body, causing damage that can lead to chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and stroke. In this study, rats that were given AGE after being treated with STZ-NA had significantly lower levels of oxidative stress and inflammation in their livers and kidneys than rats that were not given AGE. AGE also helped to improve the function of the beta cells in the pancreas, which led to lower blood sugar levels. These findings suggest that AGE may be a potential treatment for diabetic complications by protecting cells from damage caused by oxidative stress. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and to determine the optimal dose and duration of AGE treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) has altered the world in the last few years due to its capacity to impact almost every part of life. However, IoT raises concerns about data security and privacy because it collects data from devices via the cloud, increasing its vulnerability to hacking. IoT security is a serious issue that has delayed its widespread adoption. Several security and privacy solutions have been proposed for IoT contexts that meet prevalent security criteria such as authentication, integrity, and secrecy. However, due to resource restrictions and heterogeneous IoT devices, present solutions are unable to address the security requirements of the approaching large-scale IoT paradigm. Blockchain, well known for bitcoin and Ethereum, provides an intriguing approach for IoT security. The IoT and blockchain technologies may be combined and significant improvements in distributed systems have been made as a result of the widespread use of IoT technology. A novel framework with a unique design was proposed to improve security in bitcoin transaction by combining blockchain and SHA-256 hash algorithm. Additionally, the performance of proposed framework is compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms like MD5 and SHA1 in term of encryption time, power consumption, latency, speed and security. It is observed that the proposed framework takes 12 ms lesser latency than MD5 and consumes 2.7Wh lesser power consumption than SHA1 and provides better security than both the techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research explores the use of iron oxide nanoparticles to enhance the thermal properties of fluids like water and ethylene glycol. These nanoparticles find applications in engineering and medicine, including wastewater treatment and coatings. The study investigates magnetic nanoparticle movement in a permeable enclosure, considering heat, magnetic field, and electromagnetic effects. Using the MAC method, dimensionless equations were solved, and results were presented through graphs, charts, and tables. Findings show nanoparticle volume significantly impacts heat transfer in nanofluids compared to base fluids. Increasing nanoparticle volume from 0 to 0.05 improved nanofluid heat transfer by 0.278% and base fluid by 0.303%. Heat absorption and generation improved nanofluid transfer by 15.819% and base fluid by 0.596%. Nusselt number increased with higher Eckert number and heat source/sink parameters in both nanofluids and base fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's datasets are usually very large with many features and making analysis on such datasets is really a tedious task. Especially when performing classification, selecting attributes that are salient for the process is a brainstorming task. It is more difficult when there are many class labels for the target class attribute and hence many researchers have introduced methods to select features for performing classification on multi-class attributes. The process becomes more tedious when the attribute values are imbalanced for which researchers have contributed many methods. But, there is no sufficient research to handle extreme imbalance and feature selection together and hence this paper aims to bridge this gap. Here Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), an efficient evolutionary algorithm is used to handle imbalanced dataset and feature selection process is also enhanced with the required functionalities. First, Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization is used to transform the imbalanced datasets into balanced one and then another version of Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization is used to select the significant features. The proposed methodology is applied on eight multi-class extremely imbalanced datasets and the experimental results are found to be better than other existing methods in terms of classification accuracy, G mean, F measure. The results validated by using Friedman test also confirm that the proposed methodology effectively balances the dataset with less number of features than other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This numerical study is conducted to scrutinize the dual solutions and stability analysis of the flow of Casson nanofluid past a permeable extending/contracting wedge and stagnation point. Momentum, heat and mass transfer behaviors of the Casson nanofluid have been modeled with the use of the Buongiorno nanofluid model. Suitable self-similarity variables are employed to convert the fluid transport equations into ordinary differential equations and the bvp4c MATLAB solver is used to solve the equations. The impacts of active parameters on fluid transport properties are illustrated graphically. The outcomes of the present analysis reveal that the influence of Casson fluid parameter on velocity and temperature distributions obtained from the first and second solutions exhibit the opposite natures. From the stability analysis, it is found that the thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects acquire the same critical point value on Nusselt number. The temperature distribution of the Casson nanofluid is higher over the wedge than stagnation point. The two solutions are found for the limited range of extending/contracting parameter. The detailed stability test is carried out to determine which of the two solutions is physically realizable and stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims at examining the thermophoresis and Brownian motion characteristics on the stagnation point flow of Cross nanofluid over a permeable stretching/contracting surface. Flow equations are modelled by means of the Buongiorno nanofluid model. The transformed non-linear fluid transport equations are solved numerically through Runge-Kutta Fehlberg (RKF) approach. The temporal stability test is executed to reveal the behaviour of dual solution that arises for various initial guesses. To validate the present model, first and second solutions are compared with earlier published works which found good agreement. The fluctuations of velocity, heat and mass transfer distributions are scrutinized through the graphs with active parameters such as Wessienburg number, Brownian motion, Eckert number, and thermophoresis. The results exposed that the Brownian motion declines the rate of heat transfer for the first solution. Cross nanofluid velocity amplifies by rising Weissenberg number. By the impact of Eckert number, the second solution has a higher magnitude than the first solution. For the first solution, the cross nanofluid velocity rises when increasing the suction/injection parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the movement of blood in a blood vessel has been fascinated by clinicians and biomedical researchers because it is predominant in cell tissue engineering, drug targeting and various treatments like hypothermia, hyperthermia, and cancer. It is noticed that numerous non-Newtonian rheological fluids like Carreau fluid, tangent hyperbolic fluid, Eyring–Powell fluid and viscoelastic fluid manifest the characteristics of blood flow. Further, the investigation of entropy generation can be used to raise the performance of medical equipments. Consequently, the present mathematical model scrutinizes the transport characteristics and entropy generation of the peristaltic Eyring–Powell nanofluid in a permeable vertical divergent channel in the presence of dissipation and linear radiation. The non-similar variables are employed to convert the dimensional partial differential equations into dimensionless form which are tackled by the Homotopy perturbation method. The impacts of emerging parameters like Eyring–Powell parameters, left and right wall amplitudes, thermophoresis, mean flow rate, radiation, permeability parameter, Brownian motion, Eckert number, Hartman number on Eyring–Powell nanofluid axial velocity, temperature, and concentration are manifested. Present results disclose that the thermal Grashof number highly inflates the pressure rise. Eyring–Powell nanofluid temperature reduces for uplifting the linear radiation parameter. Growing values of the non-uniform parameter lead to move the trapping bolus towards the left and right wall. The total entropy generation diminishes for magnifying the temperature difference parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomedical engineers, medical scientists, and clinicians are expressing a notable interest in the measurement of blood flow rate because it is used to detect cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and arrhythmia. Several researchers have adopted various non-Newtonian fluid models to investigate blood flow in the circulatory system. Because many non-Newtonian fluid models like Herschel Buckley, Powell-Eyring fluid, tangent hyperbolic fluid, and Williamson fluid exhibit the characteristics of blood. The tangent hyperbolic fluid model expresses the rheological characteristics of blood more accurately due to its shear-thinner properties. This work is performed to express the significance of the induced magnetic field and gyrotactic microorganisms on the flow of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid over a plate, wedge and stagnation point of the plate. Suitable self-similarity variables are employed to convert the fluid transport equations into ordinary differential equations which have been solved with the use of the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) approach. The impacts of active parameters on transport properties of the fluid are illustrated with graphs and tables. The growing magnetic parameter lessens the blood nanofluid velocity over three geometries. Blood nanofluid has a higher heat transfer rate over a stagnation point compared with other two geometries. Blood nanofluid temperature augments for uplifting the thermophoresis parameter. Peclet number shows a high impact on microorganisms density in a blood nanofluid. This exploration can provide a clear view regarding the heat and mass transfer behavior of blood flow in a circulatory system and various hyperthermia treatments like treatment of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Dynamics of blood containing gold nanoparticles on a syringe and other objects with a nonuniform thickness is of importance to experts in the industry. This study presents the significance of partial slip (i.e. combination of linear stretching and velocity gradient) and buoyancy on the boundary layer flow of blood‐gold Carreau nanofluid over an upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid of revolution (uhspr). In this report, the viscosity of the Carreau fluid corresponding to an infinite shear‐rate is assumed as zero, meanwhile, the viscosity corresponding to zero shear‐rate, density, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity were assumed to vary with the volume fraction of nanoparticles. The governing equation that models the transport phenomenon were non‐dimensionalized and parameterized using suitable similarity variables and solved numerically using classical Runge–Kutta method with shooting techniques and MATLAB bvp4c package for validation. The results show that temperature distribution across the flow decreases more significantly with buoyancy‐related parameter when the influence of partial slip was maximized. Maximum velocity of the flow is ascertained at larger values of partial slip and buoyancy parameters. At smaller values of Deborah number and large values of volume fraction, maximum local skin friction coefficient, and local heat transfer rate are ascertained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incomplete datasets with missing values are unsuitable for making strategic decisions since they lead to biased results. This problem is even worse when the dataset is large and collected from many heterogeneous sources. The paper deals with missing scenarios which were not dealt together earlier. The proposed Dual Repopulated Bayesian Ant Colony Optimization (DPBACO) handles both ignorable and non-ignorable missing values in heterogeneous attributes of large datasets The DPBACO integrates Bayesian principles with Ant Colony Optimization technique since both are simple and efficient to implement. After pheromone updation, repopulation of the solution pool is done by dividing the population into two based on their fitness values and generating new offsprings by performing crossover operation. The DPBACO algorithm is implemented on six large mixed-attribute datasets for imputing both kinds of missing values. The empirical and statistical results show that DPBACO performs better than other existing methods at variable missing rates ranging from 5% to 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explores the influence of viscous dissipation, Joule heating, and double dispersion on unsteady, free convective magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of an incompressible Casson fluid over a vertical cone and flat plate saturated with porous medium subject to variable viscosity and variable electrical conductivity. The governing coupled, nonlinear partial differential equations are solved by Crank-Nicolson method. The effects of various significant parameters on flow, heat, and mass transfer characteristics are displayed in the form of figures and tables. The results indicate that the presence of variable viscosity parameter meagerly accelerates the fluid flow. It is observed that heat transfer is enhanced for increasing the thermal dispersion parameter and Eckert number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation deals with the study of unsteady, free convective Casson fluid flow over a vertical cone saturated with porous medium in the presence of non-uniform heat source/sink, high order chemical reaction and cross diffusion effects. The numerical computation for the governing equations has been performed using an implicit finite difference method of Crank-Nicolson type. The influence of various physical parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration distributions is illustrated graphically and the physical aspects are discussed in detail. Results indicate that temperature dependent heat source/sink plays a vital role on controlling the heat transfer however the surface-dependent heat source/sink also has notable influence on the heat transfer characteristics. It is to be noted that high order chemical reaction has the tendency to dilute the influence of chemical reaction parameter on the species concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]