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Phylloplane microflora – that included pathogenic fungi as well - changes with the age, variety and location of the crop. Application of fungicides affected the quantity and type of leaf exudates. Besides, fungicides also selectively eliminate the non-target microflora which might resulted in the disease pattern. Effect of fungicides viz., Ridomil MZ, Blitox-50 and Dithane M-45 on the phylloplane microflora of potato was studied. An initial drop of microflora population was observed in most fungicides’ treated plants. However, in all cases microbial population increased subsequently. The three fungicides affected microflora differently. Some of the resident fungal species were displaced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Maternal vitamin D status is important during pregnancy, as mother is the sole source of vitamin D substrate for her developing fetus. Maternal Vitamin D deficiency is associated with subtle fetal bone abnormalities, low birth weight and high risk of small gestational age. Material and Method: Upon ethical clearance, a randomized control study was conducted on 100 patients of 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy attending the Antenatal clinic of the department of Obs. and Gynaecology of RAMA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Hospital, Kanpur. 5ml of centrifuged serum was used in COBAS E 411 under appropriate temperature for the detection of vitamin D by Chemiluminesence method. Result: A highly significant difference was obtained between II and III trimesters as well as I and III trimester . The levels of vitamin D were found to be highly decreased in 3rd trimester as compared to 1&2nd trimester of pregnancy. This can be explained by the fact that initially in the I trimester the vitamin D levels has to be synthesized more for the requirement in pregnancy. And as the pregnancy advances vitamin D level decreases, for the need of fetal growth. Conclusion: A statistically significant association was obtained between the Vitamin D levels of II vs III as well as III vs I trimester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

field experiment was carried out at Fertilizer Research Farm Uttari Pura, C. S. A. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur during 2012 and 2013. The treatments consisted of three levels of nitrogen i. e. 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha and S 20, 40 and 60 kg/ha along with two levels of Zn 5 and 10 kg/ha, respectively. Application of nitrogen, sulphur and zinc significantly increased grain and straw yield of rice up to 5 kg Zn, 40 kg S and 120 kg N/ha. The yield further increased with increasing levels of N, S and Zn but could not reach up to the level of significance. The maximum grain and straw yield of 61.38 and 86.58 q/ha was recorded at 180 kg N/ha. Application of 40 kg S/ha resulted in a substantial increase in grain and straw yield beyond this increase in yield was non-significant. Application of Zn substantially increased grain and straw yield and maximum grain and straw yield (56.55 and 79.16 q/ha) was recorded with 10 kg Zn/ha but significant increase was noted up to 5 kg Z/ha. The NPKS & Zn uptake increased significantly with the use of nitrogen, sulphur and zinc. Quality of rice like protein starch and amylose content increased with the use of sulphur and zinc and use of nitrogen increased protein and decreased amylose and starch content in rice grain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LIPS (Library Information Processing System) which I have proposed during the study for my research. A library system contains books, authors, and users and many types of other materials. The Location in identified for books by a Class Number, authors by authors name, and user by a user name. To execute a query on any of these components the Management Software needs accumulated expression, formulae and rules. Therefore, semantics of an Object Oriented Database System schema greatly depends on the model theory of accumulated expression calculus. Moreover, an ODS schema involves recursive specification. Recursion arises with recursive rules as well as with recursive message definition. In order to uniquely define the semantics of such a schema the structure of models plays an important role. It has been shown during this discussion that for a restricted class of schema, the semantics can be uniquely specified. The intention of this article is to highlight the finding during our study on LIPS regarding the used expression, formulae and rules in the ODS schema. The approach used here is the least fixed-point approach of specification of semantics. In the following discussion we exclude formulae, which involves negation. Unless explicitly mentioned a formula is assumed to be free of negation. The utility of different features of algebra will be clear in subsequent sections when the tools developed here are used in describing the semantics for query processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A library system contains books, authors and users and many types of other material. For books, the location is identified by a Class Number, for author by an author' s name and for users by a users' name. Author and book is a one-to-many relationship whereas library and book is a many-to-many relationship. A library can hold many copies of a book, and a book can appear in many libraries. A book and a library enter into a relationship grouping by sharing a copy. This relationship instance has a cost attribute, which states how much the library paid for the book. Patron-library and user- to- book are many-to-many relationships. When a user borrows a book, the transaction creates an instance of the patron and book relationship and attaches a due date attribute to it. The intention of this article is to highlight the findings during our study on LIPS (Library Information Processing System) regarding the advancement of a conceptual framework for considering a fully integrated library automation system. Although due to the space we would limit the discussion to E-R model and Object Originated model, it is not asserted that what follows constitutes a complete framework, but rather an attempt to take a step towards the development of a framework. The motivation is both intellectual and pragmatic. At an intellectual level, there is curiosity about the nature of things and about how and why they work. At a pragmatic level, there is the incentive that a clearer theoretical understanding might bring about greater effectiveness in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serving library users requires a powerful, dependable information technology infrastructure. Its critical for all library operations. Open Industry-standard, Scalable, Modular, Web-enabled, Comprehensive - these are the hallmarks of an effective integrated library system. A Circulation Module deals with a library having the collection of materials which are primarily paper based. Libraries are very record- intensive: Not only is each title different but for many purposes, the records needed for library operations must necessarily be very concerned with individual copies of each title. A circulation system must know precisely which copy of which volume of which edition of which title has been borrowed by which borrower and when it is due. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a fairly rigorous analysis, a general characteristic equation for an annular step-index fiber with helical windings on the core-cladding boundaries was derived. We present the modal dispersion characteristics for some lower-order modes of this dielectric waveguide. We also use the variation of helix pitch angles of the windings and discuss their effect on the dispersion curves of the proposed waveguide. An important property, the presence of band gap, was found for some particular combinations of pitch angles. This may be attributed to the periodicity of the helical structure. We can say that pitch angle acts as a controlling factor for the propagation modes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 338–344, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10315 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first AlGaAsSb/InGaAsSb phototransistors with a cutoff wavelength (50% of peak responsivity) of 2.4 µm operating in a broad range of temperatures are reported. These devices are also the first AlGaAsSb/InGaAsSb heterojunction phototransistors (HPT) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The new MBE-grown HPT exhibited both high responsivity R (up to 2334 A/W for λ=2.05 µm at-20°C) and specific detectivity D* (up to 2.1×1011 cmHz1/2/W for λ=2.05µm at -20°C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first AlGaAsSb/InGaAsSb phototransistors sensitive in the 2.0-2.1 mm spectral range are reported. These phototransistors exhibited both high gain and relatively low noise, and a record 2 μm detectivity of 3.9×1011 cmHz½/W was obtained at –20°C, which is equivalent to a noise-equivalent-power of 4.6×10-14 W/Hz½. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]