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2. Evaluation of Progression From Preclinical to Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease: Novel Use of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology/American College of Rheumatology Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Classification Criteria as an Outcome Measure

Author

Johnson, Sindhu R., Alahmari, Hana, Bonilla, Dennisse, Ahmad, Zareen, Bookman, Arthur, Hiraki, Linda T., Silverman, Earl, Touma, Zahi, Movahedi, Mohammad, and Wither, Joan E.

Subjects
NEPHRITIS, RHEUMATOID arthritis, SYSTEMIC lupus erythematosus, FLUORESCENT antibody technique, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, LONGITUDINAL method, AUTOIMMUNE diseases, SYSTEMIC scleroderma, DELIRIUM, SJOGREN'S syndrome, CONFIDENCE intervals, DISEASE progression, SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics)
Abstract

Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the development of a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD) in undifferentiated and asymptomatic individuals with antinuclear antibodies (ANAs). We comparatively evaluated those who did and did not develop a SARD and fulfillment of classification criteria. Methods: We conducted a cohort study of undifferentiated and asymptomatic patients with ANAs who were assessed for the development of a SARD. The primary outcome was a diagnosis of a SARD over a two‐year period. We assessed fulfillment of classification criteria. Risk ratios (RRs) were used to evaluate differences among those who did and did not progress to a SARD. Results: We evaluated 207 asymptomatic ANA‐positive or undifferentiated patients, of whom 23 (11%) progressed to a SARD, whereas 187 (89%) did not progress. Progressors developed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n = 11 [48%]), Sjögren disease (n = 5 [22%]), systemic sclerosis (n = 3 [13%]), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 1 [4%]), and from ANA‐positive to undifferentiated connective tissue disease (n = 3 [13%]). Fever (RR 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8–0.93) and antiphospholipid antibodies (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.87–0.93) occurred less frequently, whereas arthritis (RR 1.74, 95% CI 1.20–2.55) occurred more frequently in progressors. Progressors to SLE had arthritis (91%), whereas none developed delirium, psychosis, or nephritis. Among patients with SLE, 100% fulfilled the EULAR/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) SLE criteria (sensitivity 91.7%, specificity 100%), whereas 73% fulfilled the 1997 ACR SLE criteria (sensitivity 81.8%, specificity 98.9%). Conclusion: Most undifferentiated/asymptomatic individuals with ANA do not progress to a SARD over a two‐year period. SLE progressors appear to have mild disease in the short term. The EULAR/ACR SLE criteria have improved ability to identify those who develop SLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. Improved diagnostic yield compared with targeted gene sequencing panels suggests a role for whole-genome sequencing as a first-tier genetic test

Author

Lionel, Anath C., Costain, Gregory, Monfared, Nasim, Walker, Susan, Reuter, Miriam S., Hosseini, S. Mohsen, Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma, Merico, Daniele, Jobling, Rebekah, Nalpathamkalam, Thomas, Pellecchia, Giovanna, Sung, Wilson W.L., Wang, Zhuozhi, Bikangaga, Peter, Boelman, Cyrus, Carter, Melissa T., Cordeiro, Dawn, Cytrynbaum, Cheryl, Dell, Sharon D., Dhir, Priya, Dowling, James J., Heon, Elise, Hewson, Stacy, Hiraki, Linda, Inbar-Feigenberg, Michal, Klatt, Regan, Kronick, Jonathan, Laxer, Ronald M., Licht, Christoph, MacDonald, Heather, Mercimek-Andrews, Saadet, Mendoza-Londono, Roberto, Piscione, Tino, Schneider, Rayfel, Schulze, Andreas, Silverman, Earl, Siriwardena, Komudi, Snead, O. Carter, Sondheimer, Neal, Sutherland, Joanne, Vincent, Ajoy, Wasserman, Jonathan D., Weksberg, Rosanna, Shuman, Cheryl, Carew, Chris, Szego, Michael J., Hayeems, Robin Z., Basran, Raveen, Stavropoulos, Dimitri J., Ray, Peter N., Bowdin, Sarah, Meyn, M. Stephen, Cohn, Ronald D., Scherer, Stephen W., and Marshall, Christian R.

Published
2018
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9. Genetics of longitudinal kidney function in children and adults with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Author

Tang, Thai-Son, Liao, Fangming, Webber, Declan, Gold, Nicholas, Cao, Jingjing, Dominguez, Daniela, Gladman, Dafna, Knight, Andrea, Levy, Deborah M, Ng, Lawrence, Paterson, Andrew D, Touma, Zahi, Urowitz, Murray B, Wither, Joan, Silverman, Earl D, Pullenayegum, Eleanor M, and Hiraki, Linda T

Subjects
KIDNEY physiology, GLOMERULAR filtration rate, GENETICS, GENOME-wide association studies, RESEARCH funding, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, SYSTEMIC lupus erythematosus, CHILDREN, ADULTS
Abstract

Objectives Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified loci associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Few LN risk loci have been identified to date. We tested the association of SLE and eGFR polygenic risk scores (PRS) with repeated eGFR measures from children and adults with SLE. Methods Patients from two tertiary care lupus clinics that met ≥4 ACR and/or SLICC criteria for SLE were genotyped on the Illumina MEGA or Omni1-Quad arrays. PRSs were calculated for SLE and eGFR, using published weighted GWA-significant alleles. eGFR was calculated using the CKD-EPI and Schwartz equations. We tested the effect of eGFR- and SLE-PRSs on eGFR mean and variance, adjusting for age at diagnosis, sex, ancestry, follow-up time, and clinical event flags. Results We included 1158 SLE patients (37% biopsy-confirmed LN) with 36 733 eGFR measures over a median of 7.6 years (IQR: 3.9–15.3). LN was associated with lower within-person mean eGFR [LN: 93.8 (s. d. 26.4) vs non-LN: 101.6 (s. d. 17.7) mL/min per 1.73 m2 ; P  < 0.0001] and higher variance [LN median: 157.0 (IQR: 89.5, 268.9) vs non-LN median: 84.9 (IQR: 46.9, 138.2) (mL/min per 1.73 m2)2; P  < 0.0001]. Increasing SLE-PRSs were associated with lower mean eGFR and greater variance, while increasing eGFR-PRS was associated with increased eGFR mean and variance. Conclusion We observed significant associations between SLE and eGFR PRSs and repeated eGFR measurements, in a large cohort of children and adults with SLE. Longitudinal eGFR may serve as a powerful alternative outcome to LN categories for discovery of LN risk loci. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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10. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T in infants exposed to anti-Ro antibodies.

Author

Barsalou, Julie, Jaeggi, Edgar, Grosse-Wortmann, Lars, Laskin, Carl A, Adeli, Khosrow, and Silverman, Earl D

Subjects
TROPONIN, AUTOANTIBODIES, MATERNAL exposure, BIOMARKERS, CARDIOMYOPATHIES, INFLAMMATION, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, RETROSPECTIVE studies, PRENATAL exposure delayed effects, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, SYSTEMIC lupus erythematosus, CHILDREN
Abstract

Objectives Cardiac involvement in neonatal lupus erythematosis (NLE) can present as myocarditis/endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE). It is unknown whether high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) is useful in identifying subclinical myocardial inflammation in infants exposed prenatally to anti-Ro antibodies. This study reports hs-cTnT levels in infants exposed to anti-Ro antibodies with/without cardiac NLE and reports cardiac MRI (CMR) findings in a subset of these children. Methods The study included 45 consecutive infants exposed prenatally to anti-Ro antibodies with (n  = 7) or without (n  = 38) cardiac NLE, who were seen at the SickKids NLE Clinic between 2012 and 2014. Hs-cTnT levels were measured at least once, and those infants with values of ≥30 ng/l were offered the opportunity to undergo CMR. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results Of 38 infants without cardiac NLE, 25 had a hs-cTnT level of ≥30 ng/l (including 1 of >113 ng/l); of these, 8 underwent CMR (all without myocarditis/EFE). All 7 infants with cardiac NLE had at least one hs-cTnT level of ≥30 ng/l, but only 2/7 had a level of >113 ng/l; 4/7 infants with cardiac NLE had CMR (all without myocarditis/EFE); 6/7 infants with cardiac NLE had their steroid treatment adjusted based on the trend in their hs-cTnT levels. Conclusion Only 3/45 anti-Ro antibodies–exposed infants had hs-cTnT values outside the reference range reported in healthy infants. None of 12 infants who had CMR had subclinical myocarditis/EFE. Routine measurement of hs-cTnT in every anti-Ro antibody–exposed infant is not indicated. Further studies are needed to define the role of hs-cTnT as a biomarker for cardiac NLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. Maternal Anti‐Ro Antibody Titers Obtained With Commercially Available Immunoassays Are Strongly Associated With Immune‐Mediated Fetal Heart Disease.

Author

Jaeggi, Edgar, Kulasingam, Vathany, Chen, Jack, Fan, Chun‐Po Steve, Laskin, Carl, Hamilton, Robert M., Hiraki, Linda T., Silverman, Earl D., and Sepiashvili, Lusia

Subjects
FETAL heart abnormalities, AUTOANTIBODIES, BIOMARKERS, ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, CARDIOMYOPATHIES, CHEMILUMINESCENCE assay, PREGNANT women, CONGENITAL heart disease, MEDICAL screening, IMMUNOASSAY, FETAL diseases, HEART block, RISK assessment, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, SYSTEMIC lupus erythematosus, ODDS ratio, LONGITUDINAL method, DISEASE risk factors, SYMPTOMS, FETUS
Abstract

Objective: Anti‐Ro antibody–positive mothers are frequently referred for serial echocardiography due to the fetal risk of developing heart block and endocardial fibroelastosis. Little is known why only some and not all offspring develop these cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus (CNL). This prospective study examined associations between anti‐Ro antibody titers and fetal CNL. Methods: Antibody‐positive mothers referred since 2018 for fetal echocardiography at risk of CNL (group 1; n = 240) or with CNL (group 2; n = 18) were included. Maternal antibody titers were measured with a chemiluminescent immunoassay (CIA). Additional testing on diluted serum samples was used to quantify anti–Ro 60 antibody titers above the analytical measuring range (AMR) of the standard CIA (≥1,375 chemiluminescent units [CU]). Results: Among 27 total mothers with a fetal diagnosis of CNL, all displayed anti–Ro 60 antibody titers that exceeded the AMR of the CIA at least 10‐fold. Of 122 mothers in group 1 who underwent additional anti–Ro 60 antibody testing, event rates of CNL (n = 9) were 0% (0 of 45) among mothers with anti–Ro 60 antibody titers from 1,375–10,000 CU, 5% (3 of 56) among mothers with titers from 10,000–50,000 CU, but 29% (6 of 21) among mothers with titers >50,000 CU (odds ratio 13.1, P = 0.0008). Of mothers in group 2 with a primary diagnosis of CNL, 0% (0 of 18 mothers) had anti–Ro 60 antibody titers <10,000 CU, 44% (8 of 18 mothers) had titers from 10,000–50,000 CU, and 56% (10 of 18 mothers) had titers >50,000 CU. Conclusion: CNL is associated with substantially higher anti‐Ro antibody titers than are obtained using a standard CIA. Enhancing the assay measuring range allows an improved specificity of identifying pregnancies at risk of CNL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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14. Genetics of osteonecrosis in children and adults with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Author

Webber, Declan, Cao, Jingjing, Dominguez, Daniela, Gladman, Dafna D, Knight, Andrea, Levy, Deborah M, Liao, Fangming, Ng, Lawrence, Paterson, Andrew D, Touma, Zahi, Wither, Joan, Urowitz, Murray, Silverman, Earl D, and Hiraki, Linda T

Subjects
SYSTEMIC lupus erythematosus diagnosis, OSTEONECROSIS, ADRENOCORTICAL hormones, CONFIDENCE intervals, SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms, AGE distribution, GENETIC variation, TERTIARY care, RISK assessment, GENOME-wide association studies, SEX distribution, AGE factors in disease, GENOTYPES, FACTOR analysis, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, SYSTEMIC lupus erythematosus, LOGISTIC regression analysis, DISEASE risk factors, DISEASE complications
Abstract

Objectives Genetics plays an important role in SLE risk, as well as osteonecrosis (ON), a significant and often debilitating complication of SLE. We aimed to identify genetic risk loci for ON in people with childhood-onset (cSLE) and adult-onset (aSLE) SLE. Methods We enrolled participants from two tertiary care centres who met classification criteria for SLE. Participants had prospectively collected clinical data and were genotyped on a multiethnic array. Un-genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were imputed, and ancestry was inferred using principal components (PCs). Our outcome was symptomatic ON confirmed by imaging. We completed time-to-ON and logistic regression of ON genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with covariates for sex, age of SLE diagnosis, five PCs for ancestry, corticosteroid use and selected SLE manifestations. We conducted separate analyses for cSLE and aSLE and meta-analysed results using inverse-variance weighting. Genome-wide significance was P  < 5 × 10−8. Results The study included 940 participants with SLE, 87% female and 56% with cSLE. ON was present in 7.6% (n  = 71). Median age of SLE diagnosis was 16.9 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 13.5, 29.3), with median follow-up of 8.0 years (IQR: 4.2, 15.7). Meta-GWAS of cSLE and aSLE time-to-ON of 4 431 911 SNPs identified a significant Chr.2 SNP, rs34118383 (minor allele frequency = 0.18), intronic to WIPF1 (hazard ratio = 3.2 [95% CI: 2.2, 4.8]; P  = 1.0 × 10−8). Conclusion We identified an intronic WIPF1 variant associated with a 3.2 times increased hazard for ON (95% CI: 2.2, 4.8; P   =  1.0 × 10−8) during SLE follow-up, independent of corticosteroid exposure. The effect of the SNP on time-to-ON was similar in cSLE and aSLE. This novel discovery represents a potential ON risk locus. Our results warrant replication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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15. Persistently active interferon‐γ pathway and expansion of T‐bet+ B cells in a subset of patients with childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus.

Author

Moneta, Gian Marco, Bracaglia, Claudia, Caiello, Ivan, Farroni, Chiara, Pires Marafon, Denise, Carlomagno, Raffella, Hiraki, Linda, Vivarelli, Marina, Gianviti, Alessandra, Carbogno, Simone, Ferlin, Walter, de Min, Cristina, Silverman, Earl, Carsetti, Rita, De Benedetti, Fabrizio, and Marasco, Emiliano

Subjects
SYSTEMIC lupus erythematosus, B cells, LUPUS nephritis, AUTOIMMUNE diseases
Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease causing significant morbidity and mortality, despite important improvements in its management in the last decades. The objective of this work is to investigate the role of IFN‐γ in the pathogenesis of childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), evaluating the crosstalk between IFN‐α and IFN‐γ and the expression of T‐bet, a transcription factor induced by IFN‐γ, in B cells of patients with cSLE. Expression levels of both IFN‐α and IFN‐γ‐induced genes were upregulated in patients with cSLE. We found increased serum levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 in patients with cSLE. Type I IFN score decreased with initiation of immunosuppressive treatment; conversely, type II IFN score and levels of CXCL9 were not significantly affected by immunosuppressive treatment. Type II IFN score and CXCL9 were significantly higher in patients with lupus nephritis. We observed the expansion of a population of naïve B cells expressing T‐bet in a cluster of patients with cSLE. IFN‐γ, but not IFN‐α, induced the expression of T‐bet in B cells. Our data suggest that IFN‐γ is hyperactive in cSLE, especially in patients with lupus nephritis, and it is not modulated by therapy. Our data reinforce the potential of IFN‐γ as a therapeutic target in SLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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17. Lupus-associated causal mutation in neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 (NCF2) brings unique insights to the structure and function of NADPH oxidase

Author

Jacob, Chaim O., Eisenstein, Miriam, Dinauer, Mary C., Ming, Wenyu, Liu, Qiang, John, Sutha, Quismorio,, Francesco P., Reiff, Andreas, Myones, Barry L., Kaufman, Kenneth M., McCurdy, Deborah, Harley, John B., Silverman, Earl, Kimberly, Robert P., Vyse, Timothy J., Gaffney, Patrick M., Moser, Kathy L., Klein-Gitelman, Marisa, Wagner-Weiner, Linda, Langefeld, Carl D., Armstrong, Don L., and Zidovetzki, Raphael

Published
2012

19. Identification of IRAK1 as a Risk Gene with Critical Role in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Author

Jacob, Chaim O., Zhu, Jiankun, Armstrong, Don L., Yan, Mei, Han, Jie, Zhou, Xin J., Thomas, James A., Reiff, Andreas, Myones, Barry L., Ojwang, Joshua O., Kaufman, Kenneth M., Klein-Gitelman, Marisa, McCurdy, Deborah, Wagner-Weiner, Linda, Silverman, Earl, Ziegler, Julie, Kelly, Jennifer A., Merrill, Joan T., Harley, John B., Ramsey-Goldman, Rosalind, Vila, Luis M., Bae, Sang-Cheol, Vyse, Timothy J., Gilkeson, Gary S., Gaffney, Patrick M., Moser, Kathy L., Langefeld, Carl D., Zidovetzki, Raphael, Mohan, Chandra, and Vitetta, Ellen S.

Published
2009
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24. The outcomes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in children managed with contemporary treatments: results from the ReACCh-Out cohort

Author

Guzman, Jaime, Oen, Kiem, Tucker, Lori B, Huber, Adam M, Shiff, Natalie, Boire, Gilles, Scuccimarri, Rosie, Berard, Roberta, Tse, Shirley M L, Morishita, Kimberly, Stringer, Elizabeth, Johnson, Nicole, Levy, Deborah M, Duffy, Karen Watanabe, Cabral, David A, Rosenberg, Alan M, Larché, Maggie, Dancey, Paul, Petty, Ross E, Laxer, Ronald M, Silverman, Earl, Miettunen, Paivi, Chetaille, Anne-Laure, Haddad, Elie, Houghton, Kristin, Spiegel, Lynn, Turvey, Stuart E, Schmeling, Heinrike, Lang, Bianca, Ellsworth, Janet, Ramsey, Suzanne, Bruns, Alessandra, Campillo, Sarah, Benseler, Susanne, Chédeville, Gaëlle, Schneider, Rayfel, Yeung, Rae, Duffy, Ciarán M, Bolaria, Roxana, Gross, Katherine, Feldman, Brian, Feldman, Debbie, Cameron, Bonnie, Jurencak, Roman, Roth, Johannes, Dorval, Jean, LeBlanc, Claire, and St. Cyr, Claire

Published
2015
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26. Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results from a phase 3, randomised, double-blind withdrawal trial

Author

Brunner, Hermine I, Ruperto, Nicolino, Zuber, Zbigniew, Keane, Caroline, Harari, Olivier, Kenwright, Andrew, Lu, Peng, Cuttica, Ruben, Keltsev, Vladimir, Xavier, Ricardo M, Calvo, Inmaculada, Nikishina, Irina, Rubio-Pérez, Nadina, Alexeeva, Ekaterina, Chasnyk, Vyacheslav, Horneff, Gerd, Opoka-Winiarska, Violetta, Quartier, Pierre, Silva, Clovis A, Silverman, Earl, Spindler, Alberto, Baildam, Eileen, Gámir, M Luz, Martin, Alan, Rietschel, Christoph, Siri, Daniel, Smolewska, Elzbieta, Lovell, Daniel, Martini, Alberto, De Benedetti, Fabrizio, Espada, Graciela, Allen, Roger, Chaitow, Jeffrey, Joos, Rik, Wouters, Carine, Knupp, Sheila, Sztajnbok, Flavio, Cabral, David, Houghton, Kristin, Roth, Johannes, Schmeling, Heinrike, Job-Deslandre, Chantal, Jorgensen, Christian, Paut, Isabelle Kone, Minden, Kirsten, Weller-Heinemann, Frank, Gerloni, Valeria, Zulian, Francesco, Burgos-Vargas, Ruben, Salazar, Carolina Duarte, Solis-Vallejo, Eunice, Calvo, Armando, Chavez, José, Zavaler, Manuel Ferrandiz, Gruenpeter, Anna, Kobusinska, Katarzyna, Sarychev, Alexey, Zholobova, Elena, Ramanan, Athimalaipet, Woo, Patricia, Goodman, Steven, Gedalia, Abraham, Kimura, Yukiko, Onel, Karen, and Schikler, Kenneth

Published
2015
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34. Secondary analysis of APPLE study suggests atorvastatin may reduce atherosclerosis progression in pubertal lupus patients with higher C reactive protein

Author

Ardoin, Stacy P, Schanberg, Laura Eve, Sandborg, Christy I, Barnhart, Huiman X, Evans, Greg W, Yow, Eric, Mieszkalski, Kelly L, Ilowite, Norman T, Eberhard, Anne, Imundo, Lisa F, Kimura, Yuki, Levy, Deborah, von Scheven, Emily, Silverman, Earl, Bowyer, Suzanne L, Punaro, L, Singer, Nora G, Sherry, David D, McCurdy, Deborah K, Klein-Gitelman, Marissa, Wallace, Carol, Silver, Richard M, Wagner-Weiner, Linda, Higgins, Gloria C, Brunner, Hermine I, Jung, Lawrence, Soep, Jennifer B, Reed, Ann M, and Thompson, Susan D

Published
2014
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37. Therapeutic approaches for the treatment of renal disease in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: an international multicentre PRINTO study

Author

Miettunen, Paivi M, Pistorio, Angela, Palmisani, Elena, Ravelli, Angelo, Silverman, Earl, Oliveira, Sheila, Alessio, Maria, Cuttica, Ruben, Mihaylova, Dimitrina, Espada, Graciela, Pasic, Srdjan, Insalaco, Antonella, Ozen, Seza, Porras, Oscar, Sztajnbok, Flavio, Lazarevic, Dragana, Martini, Alberto, and Ruperto, Nicolino

Published
2013
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42. Long-term efficacy and safety of infliximab plus methotrexate for the treatment of polyarticular-course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: findings from an open-label treatment extension

Author

Ruperto, Nicolino, Lovell, Daniel J, Cuttica, Ruben, Woo, Patricia, Meiorin, Silvia, Wouters, Carine, Silverman, Earl D, Balogh, Zsolt, Henrickson, Michael, Davidson, Joyce, Foeldvari, Ivan, Imundo, Lisa, Simonini, Gabriele, Oppermann, Joachim, Xu, Stephen, Shen, Yaung-Kaung, Visvanathan, Sudha, Fasanmade, Adedigbo, Mendelsohn, Alan, Martini, Alberto, and Giannini, Edward H

Published
2010
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46. Premature atherosclerosis in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: Risk factors for increased carotid intima-media thickness in the atherosclerosis prevention in pediatric lupus erythematosus cohort

Author

Schanberg, Laura E., Sandborg, Christy, Barnhart, Huiman X., Ardoin, Stacy P., Yow, Eric, Evans, Gregory W., Mieszkalski, Kelly L., Ilowite, Norman T., Eberhard, Anne, Levy, Deborah M., Kimura, Yukiko, von Scheven, Emily, Silverman, Earl, Bowyer, Suzanne L., Punaro, Lynn, Singer, Nora G., Sherry, David D., McCurdy, Deborah, Klein-Gitelman, Marissa, Wallace, Carol, Silver, Richard, Wagner-Weiner, Linda, Higgins, Gloria C., Brunner, Hermine I., Jung, Lawrence, Soep, Jennifer B., and Reed, Ann

Published
2009
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47. High-density genotyping of STAT4 reveals multiple haplotypic associations with systemic lupus erythematosus in different racial groups

Author

Namjou, Bahram, Sestak, Andrea L., Armstrong, Don L., Zidovetzki, Raphael, Kelly, Jennifer A., Jacob, Noam, Ciobanu, Voicu, Kaufman, Kenneth M., Ojwang, Joshua O., Ziegler, Julie, Quismorio, Francesco P., Jr., Reiff, Andreas, Myones, Barry L., Guthridge, Joel M., Nath, Swapan K., Bruner, Gail R., Mehrian-Shai, Ruth, Silverman, Earl, Klein-Gitelman, Marisa, McCurdy, Deborah, Wagner-Weiner, Linda, Nocton, James J., Putterman, Chaim, Bae, Sang-Cheol, Kim, Yun Jung, Petri, Michelle, Reveille, John D., Vyse, Timothy J., Gilkeson, Gary S., Kamen, Diane L., Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E., Gaffney, Patrick M., Moser, Kathy L., Merrill, Joan T., Scofield, Hal R., James, Judith A., Langefeld, Carl D., Harley, John B., and Jacob, Chaim O.

Published
2009
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