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In this study, we analyzed the potential of viral infections in the species Homo sapiens as environmental causes of orofacial clefts (OFCs). A scoring system was adapted for qualitatively assessing the potential of viruses to cause cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). This assessment considered factors such as information from the literature, nucleotide and amino acid similarities, and the presence of Endogenous Viral Elements (EVEs). The analysis involved various algorithm packages within Basic Local Alignment Search Tool 2.13.0 software and databases from the National Center for Biotechnology Information and the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Twenty significant viral species using different biosynthesis strategies were identified: Human coronavirus NL63, Rio Negro virus, Alphatorquevirus homin9, Brisavirus, Cosavirus B, Torque teno mini virus 4, Bocaparvovirus primate2, Human coronavirus HKU1, Monkeypox virus, Mammarenavirus machupoense, Volepox virus, Souris mammarenavirus, Gammapapillomavirus 7, Betainfluenzavirus influenzae, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus, Ledantevirus kern, Gammainfluenzavirus influenzae, Betapolyomavirus hominis, Vesiculovirus perinet, and Cytomegalovirus humanbeta5. The evident viral etiological potential in relation to CL/P varies depending on the Baltimore class to which the viral species belongs. Given the multifactorial nature of CL/P, this relationship appears to be dynamic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of key concepts within unstructured data is of paramount importance in practical applications. Despite the abundance of proposed methods for extracting primary topics, only a few works investigated the influence of text length on the performance of keyword extraction (KE) methods. Specifically, many studies lean on abstracts and titles for content extraction from papers, leaving it uncertain whether leveraging the complete content of papers can yield consistent results. Hence, in this study, we employ a network-based approach to evaluate the concordance between keywords extracted from abstracts and those from the entire papers. Community detection methods are utilized to identify interconnected papers in citation networks. Subsequently, paper clusters are formed to identify salient terms within each cluster, employing a methodology akin to the term frequency-inverse document frequency (tf-idf) approach. Once each cluster has been endowed with its distinctive set of key terms, these selected terms are employed to serve as representative keywords at the paper level. The top-ranked words at the cluster level, which also appear in the abstract, are chosen as keywords for the paper. Our findings indicate that although various community detection methods used in KE yield similar levels of accuracy. Notably, text clustering approaches outperform all citation-based methods, while all approaches yield relatively low accuracy values. We also identified a lack of concordance between keywords extracted from the abstracts and those extracted from the corresponding full-text source. Considering that citations and text clustering yield distinct outcomes, combining them in hybrid approaches could offer improved performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil markets reveal considerably volatile behaviour due to a range of factors. Exogenous factors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing wars and conflicts, impose even more difficulties for prediction purposes. As a tool to better understand and improve forecasting models, many researchers are using sentiment analysis techniques to identify the sentiments being emanated in the news and on social media. Following the PRISMA standards, this work systematically reviewed 34 studies out of 320 from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The results indicate that one can use several different sources to construct a text dataset and develop a sentiment analysis. For instance, Reuters, Oilprice.com, and Twitter are among the more popular ones. Among the approaches used for extracting public sentiment, it became apparent that machine learning-based methods have been increasing in prevalence in recent years, both when applied alone and in conjunction with lexicon-based methods. Finally, regarding the purpose of employing sentiment analysis, the most favourable goal for collecting sentiments concerning the oil market is to forecast oil prices. There is a consensus among the authors that sentiment analysis improves the quality of predictive models, making them more accurate. This work aims to assist academics, researchers, and investors interested in the oil sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the main gases emitted from soils, and the changes in land use in the Amazon may alter gas emission patterns. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of land use, temperature, and nitrogen on N2O emissions in soils in the Amazon. For this, three treatments randomized, with five repetitions, were incubated to quantify N2O emissions: (i) three different land uses (wet rainforest, pasture, and agriculture); (ii) different temperatures (25, 30, 35, and 40 °C); and (iii) different nitrogen additions to the soil (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg of N ha−1). Our results show that land use alters the flux of N2O, with the highest emissions observed in agricultural soils compared to that in forest and pasture areas. The change in soil temperature to 30 °C increased N2O emissions with land use, at which the emission of N2O was higher in the pasture and agriculture soils. Our results showed that the emission of N2O in the soil of the Amazon rainforest was low regardless of the temperature and nitrogen treatment. Therefore, the change in land use alters the resilience of the ecosystem, providing emissions of N2O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explored the effects of sodium benzoate (SB), relocation, and storage time on the quality of sugarcane silage. The experiments followed a completely randomized design with a 2 × 4 × 2 factorial arrangement and four replicates. The treatments were as follows: (i) with (SB+) or without (SB−) SB (2 g∙kg−1 on a fresh matter basis); (ii) with (R) or without (R0) relocation for 12, 48, and 72 h (R12, R48, and R72, respectively); and (iii) storage for 10 or 60 days after relocation. SB− silage showed a lower (p < 0.05) dry matter loss (DML = 155 g·kg−1) without relocation (R0). SB+ silage showed the highest (p < 0.05) DML (257 g·kg−1) with R72. SB use reduced (p < 0.05) the yeast count in silage that was stored for 10 days (SB+: 4.63 CFU·g−1; SB−: 5.58 CFU·g−1). The yeast count was higher (p < 0.05) in silage that was stored for 10 days after relocation, regardless of the relocation time. SB use increased the aerobic stability of silage after 10 days of storage. Thus, SB application is effective for the inhibition of yeast in relocated sugarcane silage. We recommend the use of SB when silage is relocated for 12 h and stored for 60 days after relocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to study the agronomic traits of different Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench hybrids for silage productionin semiarid conditions. It was a 1-year evaluation conducted in a randomized block design with 24 treatments and three replicates. The treatments were sorghumhybrids developed by the breeding programof "EmbrapaMilho e Sorgo" (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation). The fresh matter yield (FMY) in the first cut varied from 22,643.56 to 44,033.15 kg/ha, with an average of 32,607.37 kg/ha, leading to the formation of two groups. Similar results were observed for the dry matter yield (DMY), in which the highest group yielded from 9,471.32 to 14,540.23 kg/ha dry matter (DM). For plant regrowth, there was an increase in the number of stems and a decrease in the amount of panicles. Two groups were formed for the accumulated dry matter yield (ADMY), averaging 14,217.91 kg/ha; the highest group showed mean values of 18,003.00 to 14,221.94 kg/ha. The evaluated sorghum hybrids exhibited satisfactory accumulated forage yields due to their high yield in regrowth, which indicates that they are suitable for use in animal production systems in semi-arid regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of mucin in artificial saliva on rehardening (RE-experiment) and inhibition (DE-experiment) of erosion was evaluated. The treatment groups were: artificial saliva with mucin, artificial saliva without mucin, human saliva, and water. For the RE-experiment, after immersion of enamel blocks in citric acid (4 min), hardness was measured and blocks were subjected to treatment for 2 h. For the DE-experiment, sound blocks were subjected to treatment for 2 h and immersed in citric acid (4 min). Percentages of hardness recovery (RE) and loss (DE) were analyzed (ANOVA/Tukey's test). The salivas promoted similar rehardening, but only the saliva with mucin was similar to human saliva with regard to enamel protection against erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: CO2 recycling in refineries is of primary importance nowadays, particularly the fluid cracking process which is responsible for about 30% of CO2 emissions in the refinery, as spent catalyst undergoes coke regeneration in air. The possibility of performing this step in the presence of CO2/O2, instead of air can remarkably mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and simultaneously produce a huge amount of CO for sequential uses. Herein, we report that alumina (usually present in 20–40wt.% in the catalyst composition) modified by both potassium (5wt.%) and vanadium (1wt.%) was able to perform this goal under regular regeneration conditions, i.e. at 700°C. The apparent activation energy values for CO2 and coke reaction on alumina, alumina with potassium and with both potassium and vanadium were 349, 249 and 192kJ/mol respectively. In the presence of 13CO2 and O2 the primary observed product was 13CO, followed by 12CO and then by 12CO2. These results unambiguously demonstrate that the stage of catalyst regeneration can be kept under heat balance and simultaneously produce a huge amount of CO and, therefore mitigate CO2 emissions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The introduction of biomass-derived compounds as an alternative feed into the refinery structure that already exists can potentially converge energy uses with ecological sustainability. Herein, we present an approach to produce a bio-oil based on carbohydrate-derived isopropylidene ketals obtained by reaction with acetone under acidic conditions directly from second-generation biomass. The obtained bio-oil showed a greater chemical inertness and miscibility with gasoil than typical bio-oil from fast pyrolysis. Catalytic upgrading of the bio-oil over zeolites (USY and Beta) yielded gasoline with a high octane number. Moreover, the co-processing of gasoil and bio-oil improved the gasoline yield and quality compared to pure gasoil and also reduced the amount of oxygenated compounds and coke compared with pure bio-oil, which demonstrates a synergistic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This in vitro study aimed to analyze the effect of including xylitol into a fluoridated dentifrice to provide protection against enamel erosion with or without abrasion. Bovine enamel specimens were subjected to erosion or erosion plus abrasion (7 days) and the treatment with the following dentifrices: 10% xylitol; 10% xylitol plus 1,030 ppm F (NaF); 1,030 ppm F; and placebo. The erosive challenges were performed 4 times a day (2 min at a time). The specimens were exposed to the slurries of the dentifrices 2 times daily (15 s at a time). Half of the specimens per group were additionally abraded using an electrical toothbrush (F = 1.5 N). Between the challenges, the specimens were remineralized by artificial saliva. Enamel loss was measured profilometrically ( µm). The data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post-hoc test (P < 0.05). Ten percent xylitol plus F and F dentifrices significantly reduced enamel erosion compared to placebo and xylitol dentifrices. On the other hand, all dentifrices presented a significant potential to protect against enamel erosion plus abrasion compared to placebo, with 10% xylitol plus F showing the best results. Based on this result, the inclusion of 10% xylitol increased the effect of the fluoridated dentifrice against enamel erosion plus abrasion in vitro. In situ or clinical studies are needed to confirm the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This in vitro study aimed to analyze the effects of application of xylitol varnishes and solutions to protect against enamel erosion. Twelve bovine enamel specimens were pre-treated with 5% NaF-Duraphat varnish, 10% xylitol varnish, 20% xylitol varnish, placebo varnish, 5% NaF solution, 10% xylitol solution or 20% xylitol solution. The varnishes and solutions were applied for 6 h and 1 min, respectively. Controls remained untreated (n = 12). Specimens were then subjected to erosive demineralization (Coca-Cola, 4 x 90 s/d) and remineralization (artificial saliva, 2 h) cycling for 10 days. After 5 days, the varnishes and solutions were reapplied. After reapplication, two specimens per group were analyzed by SEM. Enamel loss was measured profilometrically after the 5th and 10th days. Data were then analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (n = 10, P < 0.05). After the 5th day, all varnishes and 20% xylitol solution significantly reduced the enamel loss when compared to the placebo varnish/control. After 10 days of erosive pH cycling, both xylitol varnishes and solutions significantly reduced the enamel erosion when compared with the control. However, 10% xylitol solution produced a smooth layer on eroded enamel and significantly reduced the enamel erosion when compared to the placebo varnish/control. Xylitol thus appears to be a good option to partially reduce enamel erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of large databases and significant improvements in computational power has been key determinants in the explosive increase of interest in machine learning. In this sense, machine-learning methods, such as neural networks and genetic algorithms, have been used as methodological tools to understand how complex adaptive systems behave and to integrate many streams of unstructured and structured data. In this special issue, we welcome new insights, models, and applications in a wide variety of topics that bridge topics in machine learning to complex economics and finance networks. [Extracted from the article]

Complex networks have been employed to model many real systems and as a modeling tool in a myriad of applications. In this paper, we use the framework of complex networks to the problem of supervised classification in the word disambiguation task, which consists in deriving a function from the supervised (or labeled) training data of ambiguous words. Traditional supervised data classification takes into account only topological or physical features of the input data. On the other hand, the human (animal) brain performs both low- and high-level orders of learning and it has facility to identify patterns according to the semantic meaning of the input data. In this paper, we apply a hybrid technique which encompasses both types of learning in the field of word sense disambiguation and show that the high-level order of learning can really improve the accuracy rate of the model. This evidence serves to demonstrate that the internal structures formed by the words do present patterns that, generally, cannot be correctly unveiled by only traditional techniques. Finally, we exhibit the behavior of the model for different weights of the low- and high-level classifiers by plotting decision boundaries. This study helps one to better understand the effectiveness of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real scenes are composed of multiple points possessing distinct characteristics. Selectively, only part of the scene undergoes scrutiny at a time, and the mechanism responsible for this task is named selective visual attention. Spatial location with the highest contrast might highlight from scene reaching level of awareness (bottom-up attention). On the other hand, attention may also be voluntarily directed to a particular object in the scene (object-based attention), which requires the recognition of a specific target (top-down modulation). In this paper, a new visual selection model is proposed, which combines both early visual features and object-based visual selection modulations. The possibility of the modulation regarding specific features enables the model to be applied to different domains. The proposed model integrates three main mechanisms. The first handles the segmentation of the scene allowing the identification of objects. In the second one, the average of saliency of each object is computed, which provides the modulation of the visual attention for one or more features. Finally, the third builds the object-saliency map, which highlights the salient objects in the scene. We show that top-down modulation has a stronger effect than bottom-up saliency when a memorized object is selected, and this evidence is clearer in the absence of any bottom-up clue. Experiments with synthetic and real images are conducted, and the obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for visual selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Furcal perforations may occur during access opening of the pulp chamber or cavity preparation. The perforation can cause an inflammatory reaction in the periodontal ligament. Management of these iatrogenic accidents can pose a significant clinical challenge, mainly when they occur in primary teeth. Current developments in the techniques and materials utilized for root perforation repair have enhanced this procedure's prognosis. Recently, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been used for several dental purposes. This biocompatible material promotes bone healing and elimination of clinical symptoms. The purpose of this case report was to describe the treatment of a furcal perforation using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in a primary molar tooth. After 20 months, the tooth was asymptomatic. The radiolucent image had disappeared and bone formation at the furcation area had been observed, suggesting healing of the underlying periodontal tissues. Therefore, MTA may be considered an alternative option for the repair of furcal perforation in primary teeth, prolonging the longevity of these dental elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the effectiveness of an additive comprising sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and sodium nitrite (SSL) as active ingredients for its ability to improve the aerobic stability of corn silages made in North America. In experiment 1, treatment with SSL (1.5 and 2.0 L/t) on whole-plant corn (WPC) was compared with treatment with an additive containing buffered propionic acid and citric acid (BPA; 2 L/t) on corn harvested at 32 and 38% DM and ensiled for 120 d. Silage treated with BPA was higher in ammonia-N and propionic acid relative to other treatments. Treatments with all of the additives had numerically, but not statistically, fewer yeasts compared with untreated silage. Both application rates of SSL resulted in lower concentrations of ethanol compared with untreated and BPA silages. Treatment with BPA improved the aerobic stability of silages compared with untreated silage, but the effect from SSL was markedly greater. In experiment 2, WPC was untreated or treated with 2 or 3 L of SSL/t or a microbial inoculant containing Enterococcus faecium M74, Lactobacillus plantarum CH6072, and Lactobacillus buchneri LN1819 (final total lactic acid bacteria application rate of 150,000 cfu/g of fresh forage). Silages were air stressed for 24 h at 28 and 42 d of storage and ensiled for 49 d before opening. Inoculation had no effect on acid end products, ethanol, number of yeasts, or aerobic stability compared with other treatments. Treatment with SSL decreased the amount of ethanol, had no effect on number of yeasts, and improved aerobic stability in a dose-dependent manner compared with other treatments. In experiment 3, WPC was untreated or treated with 2 L of SSL/t and ensiled for 5, 15, and 30 d. Treatment with SSL resulted in silage with fewer yeasts and lower concentrations of ethanol after all times of ensiling compared with untreated silage. In addition, SSL improved aerobic stability after each period of ensiling, but the effect was more at 15 and 30 d compared with 5 d of storage. Treating WPC with SSL can improve the aerobic stability of corn silage made in North America, and the effect can be observed as soon as 5 d after ensiling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic injuries to the teeth and their supporting structures are frequent in children. Among the traumatic injuries, dental avulsion results in the major functional and esthetic disturbances for patients. Purpose: The present study's aim was to assess the mothers' level of knowledge and attitude concerning dental avulsion. Methods: A questionnaire contained 6 objective questions for the assessment of the mothers' knowledge and attitude regarding the management of dental avulsion and emergency procedures. Results: A total of 242 mothers participated in the study. A lack of technical information was observed among the mothers. Conclusion: This study showed the need of a more effective communication between dental professionals and mothers to better handle dental emergencies. Educational campaigns and preventive programs on dental trauma must be organized to improve the emergency management of dental avulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]